CN102617208A - Edible fungus residue organic fertilizer raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Edible fungus residue organic fertilizer raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to edible fungus residue organic fertilizer raw materials and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of resources. Vinegar residues are used as a culture medium for cultivating edible fungi; coarse fibers in the vinegar are decomposed by the edible fungi, so the fertilizer efficiency of the vinegar residues is improved; and fungus residues obtained after the edible fungi are cultivated are directly used as the organic fertilizer raw materials. According to the vinegar residues, the content of organic matter is 50 percent, but the content of coarse fibers is above 20 percent; and the vinegar residues is low in fertilizer efficiency and can only be used as a green seedling cultivation substrate or used for improving soil; if microorganism composing fermentation is adopted, a cycle is long; and the cycle of the method is almost the same as that of composing fermentation, but extremely obvious economic benefits are created; and the prepared organic fertilizer raw materials are durable in fertilizer efficiency and pollution-free, and can improve soil and the quality of crops, and promote growth of the crops. An effective way for comprehensively utilizing the vinegar residues is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material and preparation method thereof, belong to the comprehensive utilization of resources technical field.
Background technology
Vinegar is poor to be the main tankage of making vinegar, accounts for 70%～80% of system vinegar raw material.The poor composition of vinegar is rice husk, wheat bran, rice slag etc., moisture content about 70%, and pH value 4.5～5.5 is slightly acidic.Vinegar is poor to contain crude protein 6%～10%, crude fat 2%～5%, coarse ash 13%～17%, NFE 14%～18%, and calcium 0.25%～0.45%, phosphorus 0.16%～0.37%, crude fiber content is up to more than 20%.
Vinegar is poor poor as the feed palatability, and nutritive ingredient is low, can not use in a large number; Because the poor moisture content of vinegar is high, and oven dry needs a large amount of fuel, belong to the highly energy-consuming product in addition; And the oven dry expense is high, adopts the high-quality anthracite oven dry usually, more than 500 yuan of oven dry expense per ton; And as the feed selling price about 600 yuan, so vinegar is poor does not possess advantage as feed.
Though the poor organic content of vinegar reaches 50%; But use fertilizer efficiency lower as fertilizer; The poor crude fiber content of vinegar is higher, and rice husk will can only use as soil conditioner or culture substrate through decomposing for a long time in soil usually; Mainly as greening seedling nutrition soil, economic worth is lower at present.Document 1 is publication number CN102138074.0, title " poor with vinegar is the botanical seedling culturing of raw material and the matrix and the method for manufacture thereof of cultivation usefulness ".
Document 2 publication numbers are CN101830738A, and the patent application case of title " a kind of poor microbial organic fertilizer and production technique thereof of producing of vinegar of utilizing " adds plant ash, adds bacterium through a Primary Fermentation; The secondary secondary fermentation, 15～25 days summer and autumns of one time fermentation, 25～35 days winters, 15～25 days summer and autumns of Secondary Fermentation; 25～35 days winters, 30～50 days summer and autumns of fermenting twice time, 50～70 days winters; Fermentation period is very long, stacks fermentation and takies a large amount of places, and relative cost is higher.
In today of wideling popularize recycling economy, development low-carbon (LC) industry; All there are every year a large amount of undressed vinegar poor or bank up on the spot; Or directly apply in the farmland, this is a huge waste to the organic resource of agricultural not only, also is prone to cause bacterial reproduction; Pathophoresis impacts peripheral living environment.Therefore and current fertilizer raw material sources are limited, and the output of fertilizer far can not satisfy the needs of agriculture prodn, and it is poor how to fully utilize vinegar, and it is complete to make it be converted into nutrient, and lasting fertilizer effect and free of contamination fertilizer raw material become system vinegar industry a great problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material and preparation method thereof is provided.
The present invention is the poor substratum as culturing edible fungus of vinegar, through edible mushrooms decompose vinegar poor in robust fibre, promote its fertilizer efficiency, get cultivated edible mushrooms the bacterium slag directly as the fertilizer raw material; In the percentage composition of bacterium slag gross weight, wherein, robust fibre accounts for 15%～30%; NFE accounts for 15%～30%, and calcium accounts for 0.2%～0.5%, and phosphorus accounts for 0.1%～0.4%; Potassium accounts for 0～0.2%, and zinc accounts for 0～0.15%, and iron accounts for 0～0.15%; Water accounts for 35%～45%, and crude protein, crude fat and coarse ash account for 10%～60% altogether, and the three can the arbitrary proportion combination.
Further, in the percentage composition of bacterium slag gross weight, crude protein accounts for 4%～15%, and crude fat accounts for 1%～10%, and coarse ash accounts for 10%～20%.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material, and its step comprises: utilize vinegar poor as culture medium of edible fungus, consume the robust fibre of vinegar in poor through edible mushrooms, get the bacterium slag cultivated behind the edible mushrooms as the fertilizer raw material.
Edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material of the present invention is prepared by the following step:
A, the poor processed of vinegar
The poor middle moisture content of vinegar is adjusted to 60%～65% of the poor total mass of vinegar;
Adopt the beneficial effect of this step to be: the water ratio that usually vinegar is poor is 72%, and the water ratio of culture medium of edible fungus is about 68%, so vinegar is poor gets final product through dehydration slightly, saves a large amount of expenses, and energy-conserving and environment-protective;
B, pH value are regulated and raw material is regulated
Vinegar after the processed is poor with lime powder adjusting pH value to 6～8; Add and to account for the poor additive with additive total mass 0.1%～20% of vinegar, said additive is: a kind of or any several kinds combination in gypsum, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Semen Maydis powder, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, urea, potassium primary phosphate, the sucrose;
The packing preparation of C, substratum
The mixture that will after last two step process, the obtain bacterium bag of packing into is made the bacterium rod;
D, sterilising treatment
90～120 ℃ of sterilizations down, the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 25～35 ℃ with the bacterium rod that makes;
E, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
F, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material.
In the steps A: described vinegar is poor to be pickled with grains or in wine for aromatic vinegar vinegar; It adopts following method preparation: with glutinous rice is raw material, through adding bent saccharification and wineization, spawns the wine liquid as the vinegar unstrained spirits; Adopt solid-state layering fermentation technique then; In wine liquid, add wheat bran, rice chaff and mix solid-stately, process vinegar after the fermentation, it is poor to obtain aromatic vinegar vinegar after filtering.
In the steps A: the poor processed of described vinegar is: vinegar is poor through extrusion dehydration, or contains actinomycetic microbial inoculum stacking fermentation dehydration to poor interpolation of fresh vinegar.
Among the step D: described sterilization time is 2～10 hours.
Poor with vinegar is that the educable edible mushrooms of substratum of main raw material is Pleurotus eryngii, flat mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus geesteranus, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., straw mushroom, mushroom, bisporous mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the poor fibre content of raising fertilizer efficiency vinegar is higher, directly relatively poor as the fertilizer fertilizer efficiency, can only use as planting soil; Confirm through detecting; Behind the edible fungus culturing, edible mushrooms digests robust fibre fall about 10%, and NFE content increases about 7%; Calcium contents increases about 0.03%, and its fertilizer efficiency is got a promotion.Behind edible mushroom collection, contain a large amount of mycelium and probiotics in the bacterium slag simultaneously, and, produced various saccharides, organic acid, enzyme, biologically active substance and gal4 amino acid etc. through the enzymolysis of mycelial growth to culture material.Therefore, bacterium slag nutrient composition content is abundant, is a kind of good fertilizer raw material, and lasting fertilizer effect and pollution-free both can be improved the soil, and can improve the quality of farm crop again, promotes the growth of farm crop.Utilizing the poor culturing edible fungus production of vinegar to meet the fertilizer raw material of Agro-ecology demand for development, is that China's system vinegar enterprises comprehensive is utilized a poor important step of vinegar.
2, the cycle does not prolong, and the utility value several times promote because vinegar contains a large amount of rice husks in being pickled with grains or in wine, and fibre content is high; Be difficult to decompose, adopt the microbial process decomposition cycle very long, 30～50 days summer and autumns; Winter-spring season 50～70 days also difficulty is become thoroughly decomposed fully; Whole process length consuming time, the long-term stacking takies a large amount of places, and cost is very high.If as culture medium of edible fungus, in 40～50 days cycle, amount to dried vinegar per ton the poor benefit of creating 3000～5000 yuan.
3, the poor moisture content about 70% of energy-saving and cost-reducing, the reasonable vinegar of technology; Be suitable as very much the requirement of the substratum moisture of edible mushrooms; Need remove moisture hardly, and the bacterium pulp water of having cultivated divides content about 40%, put in order the water content requirement that is fit to do fertilizer; Therefore whole technology does not need the energy of labor to remove moisture, and this is most important link in the big waste residue of water cut.Adopt energy saving technology consumption reduction of the present invention, very reasonable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, the poor processed of vinegar
Through the ribbon extrusion machine the poor middle moisture content of vinegar is adjusted to 65% of the poor total mass of vinegar;
2, pH value is regulated and the raw material adjusting
Take by weighing weight percentage and be 1% lime powder, with the less water dissolving, be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the pH value that sampling Detection vinegar is poor is 7.8, takes by weighing weight percentage and is 1% gypsum and above-mentioned material and together add in the stirrer and stir;
3, the packing of substratum preparation
The bacterium rod is made in the artificial pack of the mixture that will after last two step process, obtain;
4, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod that makes was sterilized 10 hours under 100 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 30 ℃;
5, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
6, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 17%, NFE 17.3%, calcium 0.5%, phosphorus 0.2%, water 35%, crude protein 10%, crude fat 5%, coarse ash 15%.
Manure trial
Test serves as the examination material with commercially available Plantula Brassicae chinensis kind, establishes 3 groups:
(1) the poor group of vinegar
Adopt Zhenjiang permanent poor along the fresh vinegar of vinegar industry, using liming to regulate PH is 7.8, every mu of consumption 500kg;
(2) bacterium slag group
Adopt same source poor, adopt the method for embodiment 1, get bacterium slag behind the Xinbao mushroom culturing, every mu of consumption 500kg with batch vinegar;
(3) blank group
9 experimental plots are established in test, and every 30 square metres, each group revision test three times, the result is as shown in table 1;
The output of three kinds of fertilizer cultivations of table 1 Plantula Brassicae chinensis
| Group | Blade | The leaf look | Average plant height (cm) | Mean yield (folding per mu yield kg) |
| The poor group of vinegar | Medium blade | Green | 32.3 | 1635 |
| Bacterium slag group | Blade is big and thick | Dark green | 34.2 | 1732 |
| The blank group | Blade is minimum | Green | 31.4 | 1601 |
Experimental result shows: the poor cultivation of vinegar Plantula Brassicae chinensis, effect is not remarkable, and uses the bacterium slag, every mu of Plantula Brassicae chinensis raising the output 8.2%.
Embodiment 2
1, the poor processed of vinegar
To the poor mass percent that adds of fresh vinegar is 3% the actinomycetic microbial inoculum that contains, and adopts and stacks fermentation, opens film after 5 days, is 65% through detecting the poor water cut of vinegar;
2, pH value is regulated and the raw material adjusting
Take by weighing mass percent and be 1.5% lime powder; Dissolve with less water; Be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the poor pH value of sampling Detection vinegar is 8, and getting mass percent is that 1% gypsum, 0.2% urea, 0.5% potassium primary phosphate, 0.1% zinc sulfate and above-mentioned material stir in stirrer;
3, the packing of substratum preparation
The bacterium rod is made in the artificial pack of the mixture that will after last two step process, obtain;
4, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod that makes was sterilized 2 hours under 120 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 35 ℃;
5, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
6, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 15%, NFE 30%, calcium 0.44%, phosphorus 0.4%, potassium 0.14%, zinc 0.02%, water 36%, crude protein 6%, crude fat 2%, coarse ash 10%.
Manure trial
The test experimental cultivar is U.S.'s celery, establishes 3 groups:
(1) the poor group of vinegar
Adopt Zhenjiang permanent poor along the fresh vinegar of vinegar industry, using liming to regulate PH is 8.0, every mu of consumption 500kg;
(2) bacterium slag group
Adopt same source poor, adopt the method for embodiment 2, get bacterium slag behind the Xinbao mushroom culturing, every mu of consumption 500kg with batch vinegar;
(3) blank group
9 experimental plots are established in test, 30 square metres of every areas, each group revision test three times.The result is as shown in table 2;
The output of three kinds of fertilizer cultivations of table 2 U.S. celery
| Group | Blade | The stem stalk | Average plant height (cm) | Mean yield (folding per mu yield kg) |
| The poor group of vinegar | The blade look shallow | Thinner | 53.5 | 4823 |
| Bacterium slag group | Blade is big, look green | Sturdy | 57.7 | 5115 |
| The blank group | The blade look shallow | Thinner | 51.4 | 4633 |
The result shows: use the poor cultivation of vinegar U.S. celery, and every mu of raising the output 4.1%, and use the bacterium slag for cultivating, every mu of raising the output 10.4%.
Embodiment 3
1, the poor processed of vinegar
Through the ribbon extrusion machine the poor middle moisture content of vinegar is adjusted to 60% of the poor total mass of vinegar;
2, pH value is regulated and the raw material adjusting
Take by weighing mass percent and be 1% lime powder, with the less water dissolving, be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the poor pH value of sampling Detection vinegar is 6, takes by weighing mass percent and is 0.1% wheat bran and above-mentioned material and together add in the stirrer and stir;
3, the packing of substratum preparation
The bacterium rod is made in the artificial pack of the mixture that will after last two step process, obtain;
4, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod that makes was sterilized 7 hours under 90 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 25 ℃;
5, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
6, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 15%, NFE 15.4%, calcium 0.2%, phosphorus 0.4%, water 45%, crude protein 4%, crude fat 10%, coarse ash 10%.
Embodiment 4
1, the poor processed of vinegar
To the poor mass percent that adds of fresh vinegar is 3% the actinomycetic microbial inoculum that contains, and adopts and stacks fermentation, opens film after 5 days, is 65% through detecting the poor water cut of vinegar;
2, pH value is regulated and the raw material adjusting
Take by weighing mass percent and be 2% lime powder; Dissolve with less water; Be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the poor pH value of sampling Detection vinegar is 8, gets mass percent and is 0.5% ferrous sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 10% Semen Maydis powder, 9% wheat bran and above-mentioned material and in stirrer, stir;
3, the packing of substratum preparation
The bacterium rod is made in the artificial pack of the mixture that will after last two step process, obtain;
4, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod that makes was sterilized 10 hours under 100 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 30 ℃;
5, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
6, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 18%, and NFE accounts for 15%, calcium 0.39%, phosphorus 0.4%, zinc 0.11%, iron 0.1%, water 39%, crude protein 15%, crude fat 2%, coarse ash 10%.
Embodiment 5
1, the poor processed of vinegar, pH value adjusting and raw material are regulated
Take by weighing weight percentage and be 1% lime powder; Dissolve with less water; Be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the pH value that sampling Detection vinegar is poor is 6.8, takes by weighing weight percentage and is 20% cotton seed hulls and above-mentioned material and together add in the stirrer and stir; Cotton seed hulls is the Air drying state, mixes back water ratio 63%;
2, the packing of substratum preparation
The mixture that will after last two step process, obtain is made the bacterium rod;
3, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod normal-pressure sterilization that makes was sterilized 10 hours under 100 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 25 ℃;
4, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
5, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 30%, NFE 15%, calcium 0.4%, phosphorus 0.1%, water 36.5%, crude protein 6%, crude fat 1%, coarse ash 11%.
Embodiment 6
1, the poor processed of vinegar
To the poor mass percent that adds of fresh vinegar is 3% the actinomycetic microbial inoculum that contains, and adopts and stacks fermentation, opens film after 5 days, is 65% through detecting the poor water cut of vinegar;
2, pH value is regulated and the raw material adjusting
Take by weighing mass percent and be 1% lime powder; With the less water dissolving, be sprayed on the poor surface of vinegar, the poor pH value of sampling Detection vinegar is 8; Getting mass percent is that 1% gypsum, 0.2% urea, 0.7% potassium primary phosphate, 0,75% ferrous sulfate and above-mentioned material stir in stirrer;
3, the packing of substratum preparation
The bacterium rod is made in the artificial pack of the mixture that will after last two step process, obtain;
4, sterilising treatment
The bacterium rod that makes was sterilized 2 hours under 120 ℃ of temperature, and the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 35 ℃;
5, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
6, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material
Through detecting, the fertilizer raw material contains robust fibre 19%, and NFE accounts for 15%, and calcium accounts for 0.3%, phosphorus 0.35%, iron 0.15%, potassium 0.2%, water 35%, crude protein 9%, crude fat 1%, coarse ash 20%.
Crude protein, crude fat, the coarse ash three content combination in the fertilizer raw material is not limited to above embodiment, and the three can arbitrary proportion.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material is characterized in that, in the percentage composition of bacterium slag gross weight, wherein; Robust fibre accounts for 15%～30%, and NFE accounts for 15%～30%, and calcium accounts for 0.2%～0.5%; Phosphorus accounts for 0.1%～0.4%, and potassium accounts for 0～0.2%, and zinc accounts for 0～0.15%; Iron accounts for 0～0.15%, and water accounts for 35%～45%, and crude protein, crude fat and coarse ash account for 10%～60% altogether.
2. edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said crude protein, crude fat and coarse ash are in the percentage composition of bacterium slag gross weight, crude protein accounts for 4%～15%; Crude fat accounts for 1%～10%, and coarse ash accounts for 10%～20%.
3. the preparation method of an edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material, its step comprises: utilize vinegar poor as culture medium of edible fungus, consume the robust fibre of vinegar in poor through edible mushrooms, get the bacterium slag cultivated behind the edible mushrooms as the fertilizer raw material.
4. the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 3, its step comprises:
A, the poor processed of vinegar
The poor middle moisture content of vinegar is adjusted to 60%～65% of the poor total mass of vinegar;
B, pH value are regulated and raw material is regulated
Vinegar after the processed is poor with lime powder adjusting pH value to 6～8; Add and to account for the poor additive with additive total mass 0.1%～20% of vinegar, said additive is: a kind of or any several kinds combination in gypsum, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Semen Maydis powder, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, urea, potassium primary phosphate, the sucrose;
The packing preparation of C, substratum
The mixture that will after last two step process, the obtain bacterium bag of packing into is made the bacterium rod;
D, sterilising treatment
90～120 ℃ of sterilizations down, the bacterium rod after the sterilization is cooled to 25～35 ℃ with the bacterium rod that makes;
E, inoculation
After bacterium rod two is inoculated bacterial classification, treated the fruit body of edible fungi maturation, pluck sophisticated edible mushrooms;
F, get the bacterium slag of having cultivated behind the edible mushrooms and promptly get the fertilizer raw material.
5. the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the vinegar described in the steps A is poor to be pickled with grains or in wine for aromatic vinegar vinegar; It adopts following method preparation: with glutinous rice is raw material, through adding bent saccharification and wineization, spawns the wine liquid as the vinegar unstrained spirits; Adopt solid-state layering fermentation technique then; In wine liquid, add wheat bran, rice chaff and mix solid-stately, process vinegar after the fermentation, it is poor to obtain aromatic vinegar vinegar after filtering.
6. the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the poor processed of the vinegar described in the steps A is: vinegar is poor through extrusion dehydration, or contains actinomycetic microbial inoculum stacking fermentation dehydration to poor interpolation of fresh vinegar.
7. the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the sterilization time described in the step D is 2～10 hours.
8. the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer raw material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said edible mushrooms is Pleurotus eryngii, flat mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, crab mushroom, Pleurotus geesteranus, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., straw mushroom, mushroom, bisporous mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae.
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