CN106495912B - Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials - Google Patents
Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials, wherein the corn straw waste and dry cow dung are used as the raw materials, the raw materials are fermented for 40-60 days by various beneficial microorganisms, and the obtained microbial organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, peat, a water-retaining agent and biocontrol bacteria are prepared into the rice seedling raising matrix in proportion; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high; the cost is low, and the compatibility with the machine plugging technology is strong; not only can reduce the use amount of the rice field soil, but also can avoid the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the corn straws.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rice seedling raising and agricultural waste utilization, and particularly relates to a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate taking corn straws and cow dung fermentation products as raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of social economy, rural labor force transfer and rural labor force aging, mechanized rice production technology mainly based on mechanical rice transplanting is urgently needed. The mechanical rice transplanting machine has the advantages of reducing labor intensity, saving a rice seedling bed, saving manpower, realizing high and stable yield, saving cost, improving efficiency and the like, and has important significance for developing large-scale rice, promoting labor force transfer, improving labor productivity and land productivity, stably developing grain production and promoting modern agricultural development in China. The cultivation of a matrix suitable for the growth of machine-transplanted seedlings is the key of the development of the machine-transplanted seedling technology. The mechanical transplanting seedling raising matrix mainly takes the mud of a rice field and the soil of a dry land as main materials, and the seedling raising by adopting the nutrient soil has the advantage of low cost, but the soil taking strength is high, the labor for raising seedlings and lifting seedlings is more, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the process is complex and the standardized and normalized operation is not easy to realize; soil is taken from the same seedling bed for a long time, the structure of a topsoil layer can be damaged, and soil weathering is caused; in addition, the nutrient soil has high density, the weight of the seedling raising tray can be increased, the load of the operating machinery is high, the abrasion is fast, and the popularization of the machine-transplanted rice seedlings is limited.
In order to overcome the defects of nutrient soil seedling raising, currently, more researches are carried out on nutrient soil substitute materials, wherein the materials comprise wormcast, rice straw, vinegar residue, needle mushroom and the like. Patent CN201510826235.0 discloses a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix using decomposed rice straw as a raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing decomposed rice straw powder prepared from rice straw added with a straw decomposing agent with rice field soil to obtain a rice seedling raising matrix, wherein the matrix consists of 66.67% of rice straw powder and 33.33% of rice field soil in volume ratio, but the problems of large amount of nutrient soil, large operation mechanical load and quick abrasion are still not solved by doping a large amount of rice field soil in the seedling raising matrix; patent CN200910029966.7 discloses a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix and a production method thereof, wherein organic wastes such as straws and the like are used as raw materials, and the rice seedling raising matrix is prepared by a fertilizer slow release agent, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent through fermentation of various beneficial microorganisms; the patents CN201110095150.1, cn201310756272.x, CN201610246156.7 and zhao qingsong, etc. respectively study the mechanized seedling raising technology of rice seedling raising substrate using vinegar residue, needle mushroom, industrial waste, etc. as raw materials, but still have the problems of complex technology, high cost, poor water retention, light weight, easy swing and difficult mechanical transplanting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate taking decomposed corn straws as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.
Collecting corn straws and cow dung as organic fertilizer raw materials, fermenting for 40-60 days by using a plurality of beneficial microorganisms, and preparing the obtained microbial organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, peat, a water-retaining agent and biocontrol bacteria into a rice seedling raising matrix in proportion, wherein the matrix is small in volume weight and convenient to carry; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high; the cost is low, and the compatibility with the machine plugging technology is strong; not only can reduce the using amount of the rice field soil, but also can avoid the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the rice straws.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) straw fermentation: collecting corn straws and dry cow dung as raw materials for preparing an organic fertilizer, performing static aerobic high-temperature composting, inoculating aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria, and performing aerobic high-temperature fermentation for 40-60 days;
(2) preparing an organic fertilizer: when the temperature of the corn straw and cow dung fermentation product is reduced to room temperature and the color is brown and odorless, spreading the stack, airing, drying, crushing and sieving for later use;
(3) activation of biocontrol bacteria: performing expanded culture on biocontrol bacteria in a potato glucose liquid culture medium, inoculating the biocontrol bacteria into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls to culture for a week, and granulating by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; wherein the biocontrol bacterium is phomopsis;
(4) preparing a rice seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, adding perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria activated in the step (3), and uniformly mixing to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix; wherein the volume ratio of the raw materials is as follows: 2-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 3-5 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 1-2 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting corn straws and dry cow dung as raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer, drying the corn straws, and crushing the dried corn straws into dry crushed materials with the length of 3-5 cm and the C/N of 39, wherein the C/N of the dry cow dung is 16.3.
Static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out in a cement ground greenhouse, the stacking height is 1.5-2.0 m, the diameter is 2-3 m, 500-2000 kg of corn-containing straws are contained, 300-1000 kg of dry cow dung is used for adjusting the C/N to be 25-30 and the water content to be 60-70%, one or more composite solid microbial inoculum(s) is/are inoculated, the number of viable bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum is 20-200 hundred million, the inoculation proportion is 0.1-1% of the stacking weight, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 40-60 days, the composting is carried out once every 2 days before 30 days, a proper amount of water is added so as to maintain sufficient water content, and the composting is carried out once every week in the later period of composting so as to uniformly mix the.
Wherein the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria are any one of trichoderma viride and bacillus subtilis; or a composite microbial inoculum consisting of any three microbial inoculants of trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis; or liquid mixed bacteria prepared by mixing six bacteria of saccharomyces cerevisiae, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, acinetobacter, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis.
The inoculation proportion of the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria is 0.1-1% of the weight of the stack; preferably 1%.
In the step (2), the biocontrol bacterium is Phomopsis HQ 285146. Activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing the potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to culture the seed solution at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing the biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying.
In the step (3), the raw material proportion of the rice seedling raising matrix is preferably 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria,
the raw material perlite of the rice seedling raising matrix is preferably 3-5 mm in particle size, the vermiculite is preferably 3-5 mm in particle size, and the water-retaining agent is preferably 3-5 mm in particle size of polyacrylamide particles.
The invention also aims to provide the rice seedling raising substrate prepared by the method.
The substrate prepared by the method has high nutrient content and good water retention; and the volume weight is small, the carrying is convenient, and the rice transplanter is suitable for machine transplanting rice.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the rice seedling raising substrate in rice seedling raising.
The invention provides a specific seedling raising application method, which is characterized in that a seedling raising substrate is placed in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 3cm), the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2.5cm, the millet which is well subjected to germination acceleration is uniformly sowed, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 0.5cm, and the sowing amount is 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds completely depend on the substrate to provide nutrition. The seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high.
The corn straw and the cow dung fermentation product are used as the main components of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the prepared rice seedling raising matrix is small in volume weight and convenient to carry; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings cultivated by the rice seedling raising substrate have regular seedling emergence and high root activity coefficient.
The method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate has low cost and strong compatibility with a mechanical transplanting technology. On the premise of meeting the normal growth of the rice seedlings, the use amount of the nutrient soil can be reduced, the production cost is reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and meanwhile, the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the rice straws can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a rice seedling raising substrate prepared from corn stalks;
FIG. 2 shows the growth of seedlings in different organic fertilizer rice seedling raising substrates of example 1;
(a) is paddy field soil, (b) is trichoderma viride, (c) is bacillus subtilis;
FIG. 3 shows the growth of rice seedlings in different organic fertilizers as rice seedling raising media in example 2;
(a) aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, and (b) Aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces), Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Acinetobacter sp, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis Berlinier) used in the examples were all purchased from the China center for culture Collection, Saccharomyces cerevisiae No. bio-68045, Aspergillus niger No. bio-68022, Trichoderma viride No. bio-66770, Bacillus subtilis No. bio-75402, Acinetobacter bio-77730, and Bacillus thuringiensis bio-62253. The preparation method of biocontrol bacterium Phomopsis HQ285146 is specifically disclosed in patent CN 105921510A.
Example 1: rice seedling raising matrix prepared by single microbial inoculum fermentation and biocontrol bacteria
As shown in fig. 1, the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting a mixture of corn stalks and dry cow dung with a beneficial microbial inoculum, the rice seedling raising substrate is prepared by taking the organic fertilizer as a main material and adding auxiliary materials and an activated solid biocontrol microbial inoculum, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of the microbial inoculum: trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) are aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria. Culturing Trichoderma viride with potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm at 28 deg.C for 5 days; culturing Bacillus subtilis with beef extract peptone liquid culture medium at 37 deg.C at 180 rpm for 2 days;
(2) composting corn straw and cow dung: static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out on cement ground of a greenhouse, fermentation bacteria are inoculated into 1000kg of dry corn straws, two bacteria treatment groups are arranged, the two bacteria treatment groups are trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) groups respectively, the inoculation amount of the trichoderma viride bacteria is 0.5% of the weight of a stack, the inoculation amount of the Bacillus subtilis bacteria is 0.1% of the weight of the stack, the C/N of the compost material is adjusted to be 27 by using dry cow dung, the water content is adjusted to be 70%, the compost is piled into a stack with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2m, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 60 days, the compost is turned over once every 2 days before 30 days, a proper amount of water is added so as to keep sufficient water content, and the compost is turned over once every week in the later period of composting, and the materials are mixed uniformly. When the temperature of the corn straw and cow dung fermentation products is reduced to room temperature, the color is brown and odorless, the stacks are spread, aired, dried, crushed and sieved for later use, and the properties of the organic fertilizer are shown in table 1, so that sufficient nutrients and a supporting space can be provided for the growth of rice seedlings.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of organic fertilizers
Note: the values are mean. + -. error
(3) Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to perform standing culture at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use. The activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum.
(4) Preparing a seedling raising substrate: the organic fertilizer is used as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the organic fertilizer, the vermiculite, the plant ash, the water-retaining agent and the biocontrol bacteria are prepared into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the volume ratio of 5:5:4:2:0.5:0.5 and 2:3:3:1:1:0.5 respectively, and the basic physicochemical properties are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of Rice seedling raising Medium
Note: k represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, L represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a trichoderma viride microbial inoculum, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
The pH of different substrates is between 6.42 and 6.74, the pH basically meets the requirement of an ideal substrate on the pH value of 5.5 to 7.0, the water content of the different substrates is about 40 percent, the porosity is 50 to 68.5 percent, the volume weight is 0.59 to 0.79, and the conductivity is 2.12 to 3.075 mS/cm. In terms of physicochemical properties of the matrix, the matrix prepared by the corn straw and the cow dung through the microbial inoculum fermented organic fertilizer is more suitable for being used as a rice seedling raising matrix than rice field soil.
TABLE 3 Nutrition index of rice seedling raising medium
Note: k represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, L represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a trichoderma viride microbial inoculum, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Except that the organic matter content in the paddy field soil matrix is 8.08 percent, the organic matter content of other raw materials is about 60 percent. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indispensable nutrient elements for plant growth and development, and the nutrient content of the substrate prepared by the rice straw fermented by the microbial inoculum is obviously higher than that of the paddy soil substrate.
Rice seedling raising: placing seedling raising matrix with thickness of 2.5cm in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), uniformly sowing the germinated millet, covering the seedling raising matrix with thickness of 0.5cm, and sowing the seedlings at a rate of 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds completely depend on the substrate to provide nutrition. The growth of the rice seedlings is shown in Table 4 and FIGS. 2 a-c. The dry weight and the fresh weight of rice seedlings are important indexes for evaluating the growth amount of the rice seedlings, and the fresh weight, the chlorophyll content and the root activity of the whole seedlings in the seedling raising matrix prepared by the organic fertilizer are obviously higher than those of the soil seedlings in the rice field, so that the effect of agricultural wastes serving as matrix raw materials after being decomposed is better than that of the soil in the rice field, the feasibility of the organic fertilizer serving as the rice seedling raising matrix is demonstrated to a certain extent, and the nutrient requirement of the seedlings on the matrix can be ensured.
TABLE 4 quality of rice seedlings
Note: k represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, L represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a trichoderma viride microbial inoculum, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Example 2: rice seedling raising matrix prepared from three-component composite microbial inoculum and biocontrol bacteria
In the following steps, unless otherwise specified, the same procedures as in example 1 were carried out.
Preparation of the microbial inoculum: culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger in potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm at 28 deg.C for 5 days; the Bacillus subtilis is cultured in beef extract peptone liquid medium at 180 rpm and 37 ℃ for 2 days.
Composting corn straw and cow dung: the two microbial inoculum treatment groups are respectively a Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) + Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) + Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) + Bacillus subtilis) + Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) group, the inoculum sizes of the microbial inoculations are 1.0% and 0.1% of the stack mass in sequence, the fermentation is carried out according to the method described in the embodiment 1, when the temperature of the corn straw and cow dung fermentation product is reduced to the environmental temperature and the color is brown and odorless, the stack is spread, aired, dried, crushed and sieved, the properties of the organic fertilizer are shown in table 5, and sufficient nutrients and a supporting space can be provided for the growth of rice seedlings.
TABLE 5 physicochemical Properties of organic fertilizers
Note: HKL represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding organic fertilizers fermented by Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride, HKN represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding organic fertilizers fermented by Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to perform standing culture at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use. The activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum.
Preparing a seedling raising substrate: the HKL group and the HKN group of organic fertilizers are respectively used as main materials of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the main materials are mixed with perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a water-retaining agent in a volume ratio of 3:4:5:1.5:0.6:0.5 and 3:3:2:1:0.5:0.5 to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix, and the basic physicochemical properties are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 physicochemical Properties of Rice seedling raising Medium
Note: HKL represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HKN represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical values are mean values +/-error.
In terms of the physicochemical property of the matrix, the matrix prepared by the rice straw fermented by the microbial inoculum is more suitable for rice seedling raising than rice field soil.
TABLE 7 Nutrition index of rice seedling raising medium
Note: HKL represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride, HKN represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical values are mean values +/-error.
Except that the organic matter content of the paddy soil matrix is 8.08 percent, the organic matter content of other raw materials is 64 percent, and the nutrient content of the matrix prepared by the rice straws fermented by the microbial inoculum is obviously higher than that of the paddy soil matrix.
Rice seedling raising: the growth of seedlings in the same manner as in example 1 is shown in Table 8 and FIGS. 3 a-b. The fresh weight of the whole seedlings, the chlorophyll content and the root activity of the seedlings in the seedling raising matrix prepared by the organic fertilizer are all obviously higher than those of the seedlings in the soil of the rice field, so that the effect of agricultural wastes serving as the raw material of the matrix after decomposition is better than that of the soil of the rice field, the feasibility of the organic fertilizer serving as the seedling raising matrix of the rice is demonstrated to a certain extent, and the nutrient requirement of the seedlings on the matrix can be ensured.
TABLE 8 growth of rice seedlings
Note: HKL represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride, HKN represents the organic fertilizer fermented by adding Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical values are mean values +/-error.
Example 3: rice seedling raising matrix prepared by fermenting corn straws with six-component composite microbial inoculum
(1) Preparation of the microbial inoculum: two microbial inoculum processing groups are arranged in total, one group is a processing group without microbial inoculum inoculation, and the other group is a processing group with liquid fermentation microbial inoculum inoculation; the preparation and inoculation method of the liquid fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger are respectively cultured in a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 r/min and 28 ℃ for 5 days, and Acinetobacter, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis are respectively cultured in a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium at 180 r/min and 37 ℃ for 2 days. Centrifuging the six bacterial solutions at 5000 r/min, removing the supernatant, washing the bacterial cells with phosphate buffer solution with pH 7 for 3 times, suspending the bacterial cells with 1L of phosphate buffer solution, adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae: and (3) trichoderma viride: aspergillus niger: acinetobacter: b, bacillus subtilis: bacillus thuringiensis ═ 1:1: 1:1: 1:1, mixing the six bacterial liquids to obtain the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacterial agent;
(2) composting corn straw and cow dung: static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out in a cement ground greenhouse, the height of a pile is 2.0m, the diameter is 3m, corn straws is 2000kg, 1000kg of dry cow dung is used for adjusting the C/N to 27, water is added for adjusting the water content to 60-70%, beneficial microbial agents are inoculated, the inoculation proportion is 1% of the weight of the pile, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 50 days, the pile is turned over once every 2 days before 30 days of composting, a proper amount of water is added so as to maintain sufficient water content, the pile is turned over once every week in the later period of composting so as to uniformly mix materials, when the temperature of fermented products of the corn straws and the cow dung is reduced to room temperature and the color is brown and odorless, the pile is spread, aired, dried, crushed and sieved;
the two treatment groups were compared. The quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting potassium and the quick-acting phosphorus in the organic fertilizer inoculated with the liquid fermentation inoculant are respectively increased by 45%, 55% and 34%.
(3) Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10%, standing and culturing for one week at 28 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; the activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum;
(4) preparing a seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer added with the beneficial microbial inoculum obtained in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, dividing the organic fertilizer into two treatment groups, and preparing the organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a water-retaining agent into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the volume ratio of 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part and 0.5 part respectively without adding a biocontrol bacterium group; and (3) preparing the organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria in the step (3) into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the volume ratio of 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, 0.5 part and 0.5 part respectively.
Placing seedling raising matrix with thickness of 2.5cm in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), uniformly sowing the germinated millet, covering the seedling raising matrix with thickness of 0.5cm, and sowing the seedlings at a rate of 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds are completely provided by the substrate. Compared with the rice field soil matrix, the rice seedling height in the matrix added with the biocontrol bacterium Phomopsis HQ285146 is increased by 41 percent, the root length is increased by 78 percent, the underground fresh weight is increased by 114 percent, the overground fresh weight is increased by 122 percent, the root activity is increased by 245 percent, the root absorption surface area is increased by 312 percent, and the chlorophyll content is increased by 561 percent.
Therefore, the decomposing process of the corn straws and the cow dung is accelerated by adding the beneficial microbial inoculum, and theoretical basis and examples can be provided for the harmlessness, commercialization and resource utilization of agricultural wastes and the rapid production of seedling raising substrates by utilizing waste fiber resources.
According to the invention, the corn straw and the cow dung are fermented by using the beneficial microbial inoculum, the biocontrol bacteria are added to prepare the high-efficiency rice seedling raising matrix, the influence of the corn straw leavening and the biocontrol bacteria seedling raising matrix on the growth of the mechanically-transplanted rice seedlings is discussed, and a technical support is provided for reasonably developing and utilizing seedling raising matrix resources. The method can promote and drive the industrial development of the rice straw seedling raising matrix, and can generate obvious economic and social benefits.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) straw fermentation: collecting corn straws and dry cow dung as raw materials for preparing an organic fertilizer, performing static aerobic high-temperature composting, inoculating aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria, and performing aerobic high-temperature fermentation for 40-60 days;
(2) preparing an organic fertilizer: when the temperature of the corn straw and the cow dung fermentation product is reduced to room temperature and the color is brown and odorless, spreading the stack, airing, drying, crushing and sieving for later use;
(3) activation of biocontrol bacteria: performing expanded culture on biocontrol bacteria in a potato glucose liquid culture medium, inoculating the biocontrol bacteria into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls to culture for a week, and granulating by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; wherein the biocontrol bacterium is Phomopsis HQ 285146;
(4) preparing a rice seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, adding perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria activated in the step (3), and uniformly mixing to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix; wherein the volume ratio of the raw materials is as follows: 2-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 3-5 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 1-2 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria are any one of trichoderma viride and bacillus subtilis; or a composite microbial inoculum consisting of any three microbial inoculants of trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis; or liquid mixed bacteria prepared by mixing six bacteria of saccharomyces cerevisiae, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, acinetobacter, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the inoculation ratio of the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria is 0.1-1% of the weight of the stack.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (1), the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria are inoculated at a rate of 1% of the weight of the stack.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the phomopsis HQ285146 is activated at 28 ℃ on a potato glucose slant for 4 days, the potato glucose liquid culture medium is used for culturing at 28 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a seed solution, the seed solution is inoculated into a mixture of bran, bran and rice husk according to the mass ratio of 10% for culturing at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice husk is 6:3:1, and the feed-water ratio is 1:1.2, and the biocontrol microbial inoculum with the grain size of 3-5 mm is prepared by a granulator after freeze drying.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the volume ratio of the raw materials of the rice seedling raising matrix is 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water retention agent is selected from polyacrylamide particles with a particle size of 3-5 mm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the static aerobic high-temperature compost pile is 1.5-2.0 m high and 2-3 m in diameter, contains 500-2000 kg of corn straws and 300-1000 kg of cow dung, and has the water content adjusted to 60-70% and the C/N ratio adjusted to 25-30; turning the compost every 2 days before composting for 30 days, adding water to keep sufficient water content, and turning the compost every week at the later stage of composting so as to uniformly mix the materials.
9. A rice seedling raising substrate produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the rice seedling raising substrate of claim 9 in rice seedling raising.
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