CN103848697A - Special soilless organic composite matrix for raising seedlings of mechanically-transplanted japonica rice and preparation method of matrix - Google Patents
Special soilless organic composite matrix for raising seedlings of mechanically-transplanted japonica rice and preparation method of matrix Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rice culturing and in particulates to a special soilless organic composite matrix for raising seedlings of japonica rice. The matrix taking agricultural wastes as materials comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55%-65% of rice straw, 25%-35% of cow dung, 5%-10% of rice husk, 2%-3% of carbamide, 1.5%-2.0% of straw-decomposing inoculants, 15% of peat, 1%-3% of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 0.015%-0.006% of seedling growing agent and 0.002% of root growth promoting agent. The special soilless organic composite matrix for raising seedlings of japonica rice has the advantages that the local agricultural wastes serve as the main raw materials, so that the matrix is available in material, low in transportation and production cost, facilitates the cyclic utilization of the agricultural wastes, reduces the pollution to the environment, completely solves the problems that the vegetation is damaged when soil is extracted for raising the seedlings and the soil is extracted difficultly and reduces the labor strength and cost for processing the extracted soil; in addition, auxiliary additives are organic non-toxic products, easy to degrade in a farmland ecosystem and free of secondary pollution; the matrix is long in time period suitable for planting the seedlings; the time period of the matrix suitable for planting the seedlings can be extended to 28 days; and the matrix is great in range of seedling ages and strong in adaptively in date of seeding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of rice cultivation, particularly a kind of take agricultural wastes as material, without the special seedling raising ground substance of native organic japonica rice and preparation method.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the main food crop of China.But traditional raising rice seedlings rice transplanting operating condition is arduous, labour intensity is large and efficiency is low, adds that rural laborer shifts in a large number, existing Rice Production mode can not adapt to modern agricultural development.Can predict, constantly perfect along with machine transplanting of rice rice seedling-cultivation technique and land for growing field crops supporting technology, the universal of transplanting technology will become the important impetus that Rice Production level further improves.But existing transplanting seedling-cultivation technique is mainly using topsoil ground surface soil as substrate material, although its priming cost is lower, also there are a lot of significantly drawbacks, as large in the processing labour intensity that fetches earth; Seedling, lifting recruitment are many; Complex procedures is not easy to standardization and normalization operation and causes seedling failure; Fetch earth on a large scale throughout the year and cause high-quality arable land artificial damage, reducing soil fertility affects crop yield; Large and the seedling dish of unit weight heavily causes the shortcomings such as Work machine load galling is fast, and the Rapid Popularization that these will inevitably limit mechanical rice transplanting technology is universal.Therefore, gathering materials on the spot and using local agriculture gurry is raw material, and development cost is low, the measured light ground mass of matter, and realizing stdn, simplifying production is the key of further promoting transplanting technology, is also the important leverage that realizes agricultural sustainable development.
Current more existing seedling raising ground substance products, are mainly that to utilize rice husk, animal dung, mushroom slag, trade waste etc. be main raw, add certain subsidiary material such as water-holding agent, tackiness agent and make.These products are compared with conventional Nutrition Soil, have save labor, transportation cost is low, the quality of seedlings is good advantage.But also exist certain not enough: (1) is used separately a kind of agriculture gurry such as rice husk, stalk is main raw, often causes the difficulty of becoming thoroughly decomposed of banking up, nutrition inequality, nutrient deficiency; (2) ventilation moisture structure is poor, is unfavorable for rice shoot root growth; (3) some subsidiary material or additive hard degradation in soil, causes soil pollution; (4) the pervasive all types paddy rice of seedling raising ground substance, does not specifically consider the growth characteristics that Different Types of Rice is concrete and needs fertile characteristic.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art part, the invention provides one take agricultural wastes as material, without the special seedling raising ground substance of native organic japonica rice, another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of this seedling raising ground substance, to solve the deficiency of existing seedling raising ground substance product.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The seedling of a kind of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice is special without native organic composite substratd, calculate with weight ratio, this matrix comprises following component: rice straw 55%-65%, cow dung 25%-35%, rice husk 5%-10%, urea 2%-3%, straw decomposing inoculant 1.5%-2.0%, peat 15%, NPK fertilizers 1-3%, fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings 0.015%-0.006%, promoter 0.002%.
Prepare the special method without native organic composite substratd of described machine transplanting of rice japonica rice seedling, comprise the following steps:
1) with pulverizer or chopper, rice straw is processed into the long section of 0.2-2m, breaks cow dung drying into pieces powdering, rice husk mixes with described rice straw and cow dung after keeping original form to dry according to the above ratio;
2) above-mentioned steps gained mixture is carried out to compost treatment, and add the straw decomposing inoculant of 2% urea and 0.1%-0.3%, when compost, this mixture water content is adjusted to 65%, stacking, then at said mixture surface upper cover gunnysack or thin film heat and moisture preserving, ferment; More than piling temperature rise to 60 ℃ after 7-10 days, turning 1 time, after this continues 7 secondary fermentation of turning according to heap temperature and puts in place;
3) will after the described mixture natural air drying fermenting, be crushed to 1-4mm, add peat 15%, urea 0.5%, NPK fertilizers 1-3%, fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings 0.015%-0.006%, promoter 0.002%, the vitriol oil that mixes rear use 1.84g/m1 regulates the pH value of this matrix, consumption is that every hundred kilograms of these matrix are used sulfuric acid 100ml, is diluted to after 10L, evenly sprays.
Beneficial effect:
Advantage of the present invention concentrates on:
(1) adopt local agriculture gurry as main raw material, draw materials easily, transportation cost is low, and is conducive to the recycle of agriculture gurry, reduces environmental pollution; Thoroughly solve vegetation destruction and the rare problem that fetches earth of fetching earth of growing seedlings, reduced labour intensity and the cost of the processing of fetching earth simultaneously; In addition, supplementary additive is organic nontoxic product, easily degraded in farmland ecosystem, non-secondary pollution.This produces development green non-pollution rice, accelerates to promote industrial sprout cultivation and mechanized planting technology, and promoting agricultural sustainable development all has important practical significance.
(2) main raw of the present invention is rice straw and cow dung, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, be rich in nutritive element and the trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, silicon, can increase soil fertility and reduce Term Fertilization, increase the soil organism and improve Soil structure, promote paddy growth, strengthen the disease-resistant capacity for the resistance to lodging of paddy rice anti contravariance.
(3) rice husk applying in the present invention, can improve matrix structure, increases matrix water conservation venting capability.
(4) matrix of the present invention institute seedling raising quality is good, and resistance against diseases is strong.Compare with Nutrition Soil seedling contrast, rice shoot is emerged neatly, and highly moderate, blade is roomy, color and luster BG, and well developed root system, seedling-slowing stage is short.
(5) the suitable length of time of transplanting seedlings long, contrast and compare with existing seedling raising ground substance product, matrix rice shoot of the present invention is fitted the cultivation phase and can be extended to 28 days, seedling age elasticity is large, date of seeding strong adaptability.
(6) compatible strong with rice transplanter.Matrix of the present invention institute seedling raising dish knot power is good, and rice shoot can monoblock be rolled into tubular and opens out from seedling dish; Height of seedling is controlled at 13-15cm, is convenient to rice transplanter work, improves rice transplanting quality; Matrix unit weight is light, and every dish, 1.7 kilograms of left and right, alleviates mechanical load, reduces wear and tear in machines, improves rice transplanting speed.
(7) the present invention adds fertilizer and the growth regulatory substance of proper amt according to the concrete growth characteristics of japonica rice rice shoot and the fertile characteristic of need, is more suitable for the seedling of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice.
Embodiment mono-
Water intaking rice straw 55kg, utilizes pulverizer or chopper processing stalk to become the long section of 0.2-2m; Gather after cow dung 35kg dries and break bulk into pieces powdering.By above-mentioned agriculture gurry with dry rice husk 10kg and evenly mix, add urea 2kg and 15 grams of straw decomposing inoculants.Said mixture material is mixed, regulate after water content to 65% (hand is grabbed agglomerating, and power pinches out water) stacking.Then cover from the teeth outwards gunnysack or thin film heat and moisture preserving, start fermentation.More than piling temperature rise to 60 ℃ after 7-10 days, turning 1 time, after this continues 7 secondary fermentation of turning according to heap temperature and puts in place.To after the main raw material natural air drying fermenting, be crushed to 1-4mm, add 15 kilograms, peat, 0.5 kilogram, urea, 0.6 kilogram of potassium primary phosphate, 0.6 kilogram, phosphate fertilizer (Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES), 1.5 grams of uniconazole, 2 grams of promoters, mix rear use sulfuric acid and regulate after substrate pH, obtain product.
Embodiment bis-
Water intaking rice straw 65kg, utilizes pulverizer or chopper processing stalk to become the long section of 0.2-2m; Gather after cow dung 30kg dries and break bulk into pieces powdering.By above-mentioned agriculture gurry with dry rice husk 5kg and evenly mix, add urea 3kg and 20 grams of straw decomposing inoculants.Said mixture material is mixed, regulate after water content to 65% (hand is grabbed agglomerating, and power pinches out water) stacking.Then cover from the teeth outwards gunnysack or thin film heat and moisture preserving, start fermentation.More than piling temperature rise to 60 ℃ after 7-10 days, turning 1 time, after this continues 7 secondary fermentation of turning according to heap temperature and puts in place.To after the main raw material natural air drying fermenting, be crushed to 1-4mm, add 15 kilograms, peat, 1 kilogram of 15:15:15 composite fertilizer, 0.6 kilogram, phosphate fertilizer (Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES), or 6 grams of paclobutrazol, 2 grams of promoters, mix rear use sulfuric acid and regulate after substrate pH, obtain product.
We use this matrix and Nutrition Soil, existing business matrix to carry out seedling simultaneous test, and test-results shows: matrix of the present invention is emerged neatly, and seedling rate is high, seedling quality good (table 1).Test and Selection full grains japonica rice breeding, seed soaking two is used incubator 28 ℃ of condition vernalization after (suitably adding uniconazole in water) round the clock, after broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, dries sowing.Seedling-cultivation plate selection 58 × 28 (centimetre) standard hard drive, by seedling raising ground substance, Nutrition Soil and business medium in tray, sabot highly reaches 70% left and right of hard disk height, waters the low water of foot, makes matrix suction moisture.Every dish Precise sowing 100g (dry weight), requires sowing evenly.Then gently spreading one deck thin soil covering seed.Then by the conscientious seedling dish neat whole good rice seedling bed that swings in, guarantee that rice seedling bed, card are smooth, height is consistent.The full ditch-water of spreading and sinking in before emerging, guarantees to emerge; After emerging, keep matrix moistening.In whole seedling process, do not need to add any fertilizer.According to circumstances suitably dispenser prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Table 1 different treatment rice seedling overall qualities
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. machine transplanting of rice japonica rice seedling is special without native organic composite substratd, it is characterized in that: calculate with weight ratio, this matrix comprises following component: rice straw 55%-65%, cow dung 25%-35%, rice husk 5%-10%, urea 2%-3%, straw decomposing inoculant 1.5%-2.0%, peat 15%, NPK fertilizers 1-3%, fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings 0.015%-0.006%, promoter 0.002%.
2. prepare the special method without native organic composite substratd of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice seedling described in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) with pulverizer or chopper, rice straw is processed into the long section of 0.2-2m, breaks cow dung drying into pieces powdering, rice husk mixes with described rice straw and cow dung after keeping original form to dry according to the above ratio;
2) above-mentioned steps gained mixture is carried out to compost treatment, and add the straw decomposing inoculant of 2% urea and 1.5%-2.0%, when compost, this mixture water content is adjusted to 65%, stacking, then at said mixture surface upper cover gunnysack or thin film heat and moisture preserving, ferment; More than piling temperature rise to 60 ℃ after 7-10 days, turning 1 time, after this continues 7 secondary fermentation of turning according to heap temperature and puts in place;
3) will after the described mixture natural air drying fermenting, be crushed to 1-4mm, add peat 15%, urea 0.5%, NPK fertilizers 1-3%, fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings 0.015%-0.006% and promoter 0.002%, mix the rear use 1.84g/ml vitriol oil and regulate the pH value of this matrix, and consumption is every hundred kilograms of these matrix use sulfuric acid 100m1, be diluted to after 10L, evenly spray.
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| CN104058878A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-09-24 | 贵州卓豪农业科技有限公司 | Pesticide fertilizer specially used for industrialized production of mechanically transplanted rice seedlings |
| CN104211544A (en) * | 2014-09-14 | 2014-12-17 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Acidity-adjusting nutritional agent for dry rice seedling raising bed soil |
| CN104255422A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-07 | 张永振 | Rice seedling cultivation matrix board |
| CN104350973A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Hybrid rice machine transplanting disc rice seedling raising four-control precision seeding method |
| CN104672001A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-03 | 巢湖市鑫宇良种农民专业合作社 | Special matrix for soilless seedling breeding of rice |
| CN105272482A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-01-27 | 江西农业大学 | Mechanically-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix prepared by taking composted straws as raw materials and preparation method of mechanically-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix |
| CN105294184A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Rice seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105819937A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-03 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Quick rice straw decomposing method |
| CN105948996A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽省龙晨肥业有限公司 | Mineral organic compound fertilizer |
| CN105948995A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽省龙晨肥业有限公司 | Nutrient-rich growth-promoting bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN106007978A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special light-weight soilless seedling culture medium for nonglutinous rice mechanical transplanting seedling culture and production method thereof |
| CN106495912A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of method that machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as raw material with the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| CN114731924A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 南充市农业科学院 | Charcoal-based seedling raising substrate special for rice and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (17)
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| CN104058878A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-09-24 | 贵州卓豪农业科技有限公司 | Pesticide fertilizer specially used for industrialized production of mechanically transplanted rice seedlings |
| CN104255422A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-07 | 张永振 | Rice seedling cultivation matrix board |
| CN104211544A (en) * | 2014-09-14 | 2014-12-17 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Acidity-adjusting nutritional agent for dry rice seedling raising bed soil |
| CN104211544B (en) * | 2014-09-14 | 2016-07-06 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of acidity-adjusting nutrition agent of medium for dry breeding of seedling bed of rice soil |
| CN104350973B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-29 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Hybrid paddy rice machine transplanting of rice plate seedling raising four controls precision drilling method |
| CN104350973A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Hybrid rice machine transplanting disc rice seedling raising four-control precision seeding method |
| CN104672001A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-03 | 巢湖市鑫宇良种农民专业合作社 | Special matrix for soilless seedling breeding of rice |
| CN105294184A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Rice seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105272482A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-01-27 | 江西农业大学 | Mechanically-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix prepared by taking composted straws as raw materials and preparation method of mechanically-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix |
| CN105948996A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽省龙晨肥业有限公司 | Mineral organic compound fertilizer |
| CN105948995A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽省龙晨肥业有限公司 | Nutrient-rich growth-promoting bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN106007978A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special light-weight soilless seedling culture medium for nonglutinous rice mechanical transplanting seedling culture and production method thereof |
| CN105819937A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-03 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Quick rice straw decomposing method |
| CN105819937B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-09-13 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | A kind of method of rice straw quick composting |
| CN106495912A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of method that machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as raw material with the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| CN106495912B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials |
| CN114731924A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 南充市农业科学院 | Charcoal-based seedling raising substrate special for rice and preparation method thereof |
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