CN103804039B - A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103804039B CN103804039B CN201410067480.3A CN201410067480A CN103804039B CN 103804039 B CN103804039 B CN 103804039B CN 201410067480 A CN201410067480 A CN 201410067480A CN 103804039 B CN103804039 B CN 103804039B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof, this matrix by chicken manure, make slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material mix by volume, first adopt mix and stir, stacking, fermentation, then carry out drying, pulverize, sieve, form finished product matrix.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this matrix harmless treatment agriculture and forestry organic waste material, good with Mechanization sowing streamline compatibility, rice shoot is short strong, well developed root system, seedling blanket is lightweight, strong stress resistance, good with rice transplanter compatibility, good to the adaptability of wetting irrigation for paddy field mode, matrix seedling-cultivation technique is simple, success ratio is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof, particularly a kind of take agriculture and forestry organic waste material as seedling raising ground substance and the production method thereof of raw-material, rice mechanization rice transplanting.
Background technology
Along with the minimizing of the fast universal of mechanic rice transplanting and rural laborer, specialized Servers Organization is developed gradually, the dispersion seedling of traditional single household also gradually replace by the concentrated seedling of mass-producing.Conventional earth (Nutrition Soil) seedling, because the labour intensity that fetches earth is large, the problems such as intensity is large, seedling quality is unstable, seedling block chance water is fugitive heavily carried by destruction topsoil, seedling dish, is difficult to the needs adapting to mass-producing seedling.For this reason, existing utilization pulverizes rice husk directly as seedling raising ground substance at present, but unleavened rice husk hypotrophy, fertilizer conservation water retention property are poor, are unfavorable for root growth, easily grow disease simultaneously; Also have with agricultural rock wool for matrix; Also have with special organism for carrier, be developed into module seedling raising ground substance by combination high-tech means, but these materials cannot decompose, life-time service can cause soil pollution, and the high peasant household that is not suitable for of cost uses simultaneously; Also have Shanghai Donghua University to develop novel straw type non-woven to carry out without native nutritive medium seedling-cultivation technique as rice seedling raising ground substance, but its technical sophistication, cost is high, and the light easily Dutch roll of quality, machine transplanting of rice difficulty.
In addition, also have with biomass power plant ash, monosodium glutamate tankage, powdered rice hulls for main raw material, add the seedling raising ground substance of water-holding agent, tackiness agent, promoter proportioning, powdered rice hulls is without becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily grow disease, unit weight is too low simultaneously, easily floating during upper water flood irrigation; Also have with the matrix of farm crop process residues or waste, crops stalk crushing grain proportioning, fermentation, with fermented stalk coarse grain and zymamsis natural pond slag for main raw material, add nutritive element, downgrade the seedling raising ground substance of the proportioning one-tenth such as fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings, promoter, safener, and with organic wastes such as stalks for raw material, through multiple beneficial fermentable, add fertilizer slow release, organic substrate that binding agent, water-holding agent are mixed with; There is stalk and store up the problem that cost is high, product unit weight is too low in this kind of matrix, simultaneously nutritive element etc. also improves product cost adding of auxiliary material; To also have with mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry for raw material, after utilizing high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out fermentation maturity process, add vermiculite again, seedling raising ground substance that carbonization cavings is made; But the cost of vermiculite is higher at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: based on the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, this matrix is mixed by chicken manure, wine slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material 1 ~ 1.5:2 by volume ~ 3:3 ~ 4:2.5 ~ 3, first adopt mix and stir, stacking, fermentation, carry out drying again, pulverize, sieve, form finished product matrix.
Further, chicken manure is the pure chicken manure of breeding layer chicken field.
Further, making slag is the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, and the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid take cassava as main raw material, the waste stayed after extracting citric acid with microbe fermentation method, and recycling daylight dries, the mixture that obtains after mechanical disintegration process.
Further, cow dung is the cow dung of dairy cow farm.
Further, edible fungus culturing waste material is cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material, the Twospore Mushroom substratum that cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is is main raw material with straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure, the waste stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 2 ~ 3:1.
Further, the water content of finished product matrix is 20 ~ 30%, pH is 6 ~ 7, and unit weight is 500 ~ 600g/L.
A production method for machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, comprises the following steps:
A, by chicken manure, make slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material 1 ~ 1.5:2 by volume ~ 3:3 ~ 4:2.5 ~ 3 mix, and obtains compound;
B, step a gained compound to be sprayed water while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 50 ~ 60%, compound is is evenly mixed and stirred, pile slivering buttress;
C, fermentation: when stack center temperature reaches 58 ~ 62 DEG C, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly replace up and down, and once a day, 25 ~ 35 days, fermentation completely;
D, by fermenting in step c, mixture completely carries out drying, pulverizes, sieves, and forms finished product matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, harmless treatment agriculture and forestry organic waste material, solve simultaneously Nutrition Soil seedling fetch earth difficulty, mix difficult problem thoroughly, quality of protecting farmland and ecotope; 2, rice shoot is short strong, and the suitable cultivation phase is Nutrition Soil nursery length more than 3 days comparatively; Nutrient is balanced, and seedling growth is neat, there will not be large seedling phenomenon; Rice shoot well developed root system, packing power are strong; 3, also not fugitive during lightweight, the high humidity of seedling blanket, easily carry, good with rice transplanter compatibility, lack few, machine transplanting of rice efficiency comparatively Nutrition Soil seedling improves more than 15%; 4, the particle diameter of seedling raising ground substance, moisture content index and Mechanization sowing streamline compatibility are good, not easily fill in machine, and sowing efficiency is high; 5, the adaptability of unit weight index to wetting irrigation for paddy field (flood irrigation) mode of seedling raising ground substance is good, there will not be " floating seedling " (seedling blanket emersion seedling dish) phenomenon.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments now, and following examples are intended to the present invention instead of limitation of the invention further are described.
Embodiment 1
Get the pure chicken manure 1 cubic metre of breeding layer chicken field, 3 cubic metres, the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, the cow dung 3 cubic metres of dairy cow farm, the mixing of 3 cubic metres, cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material, spray water while stirring, make it to stir, the final water content of compound is made to reach 50%, evenly mix and stir, pile slivering buttress, start fermentation; When stack center temperature reaches 58 DEG C, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly replace up and down, once a day, 25 days, fermentation completely; The mixture completely that ferments carried out drying, pulverizing, cross 5mm sieve, form finished product matrix.
The waste residue of cassava brew citric acid take cassava as main raw material, extracts the waste stayed after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, and recycling daylight dries, the mixture that obtains after mechanical disintegration process.
The Twospore Mushroom substratum that cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is is main raw material with straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure, the waste stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 2:1.
The substrate products obtained is analyzed, organic content 37%, total nitrogen content 1.2%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 0.9%, potassium content (K
2o) 0.8%, total nutrient 2.7%, pH is 6.2, EC value 1.7mS/cm, and particle diameter is less than 5mm, meets raising rice seedlings requirement.
Embodiment 2
Get the pure chicken manure 1 cubic metre of breeding layer chicken field, 2 cubic metres, the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, the cow dung 4 cubic metres of dairy cow farm, the mixing of 3 cubic metres, cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material, spray water while stirring, make it to stir, the final water content of compound is made to reach 60%, evenly mix and stir, pile slivering buttress, start fermentation; When stack center temperature reaches 62 DEG C, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly replace up and down, once a day, 35 days, fermentation completely; The mixture completely that ferments carried out drying, pulverizing, cross 5mm sieve, form finished product matrix.
The waste residue of cassava brew citric acid take cassava as main raw material, extracts the waste stayed after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, and recycling daylight dries, the mixture that obtains after mechanical disintegration process.
The Twospore Mushroom substratum that cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is is main raw material with straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure, the waste stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 3:1.
The substrate products obtained is analyzed, organic content 38%, total nitrogen content 1.1%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 1.0%, potassium content (K
2o) 0.7%, total nutrient 2.8%, pH is 6.1, EC value 1.8mS/cm, and particle diameter is less than 5mm, meets raising rice seedlings requirement.
The matrix of the present embodiment 1 is adopted to be used for raising rice seedlings, better than rice and fuel river matrix, the rice seedling well developed root system of cultivation, packing power is strong, and blade is roomy, bright in color, and disease and pest is few; Rice shoot is short strong strong, and anti-injured is strong especially, and seedling quality is good, and transplanting survival rate is high; The average plant height of rice shoot that the Nutrition Soil of ratio routine brings out reduces by 10 ~ 15%, and the suitable cultivation phase extends about 5 days.
Test site: Sheng Da service cooperation for agricultural machinery of Zhu Lin village, Zhu Lin town, Jintan City of Jiangsu Province; Trial target type: japonica rice; Seedling raising method: mould dish; Sowing quantity: 3 ~ 3.5 kgs/acre of lands for growing field crops, seed soaking time: 72 hours, normal temperature vernalization; Sowing time: on May 20th, 2012, application rate: 130 ~ 150 grams, bud paddy/dish; Matrix and Nutrition Soil thickness: 2 ~ 2.5 centimetres, to sow after 15 days embodiment 1 matrix and rice and fuel river matrix seedling effect in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 matrix and rice and fuel river matrix seedling effectiveness comparison
| Matrix | Adult seedling rate (%) | Leaf age (leaf) | Height of seedling (cm) | Hundred seedlings dry weight (g) |
| Embodiment 1 matrix | 89.20 | 2.95 | 14.34 | 1.95 |
| Rice and fuel river | 85.60 | 2.88 | 12.27 | 2.02 |
| +、－ | 3.60 | 0.07 | 2.07 | -0.07 |
2011-2012, implements 35 demonstration pilot projects in 15 cooperative societies in Jintan City 6 town, and with rice and fuel river matrix for contrast, the matrix of the application has three aspect advantages generally:
One be emerge growth security more reliable.The rotten degree of raw material is high, acid-basicity and salt content are suitable for; Matrix ventilative, Water-saving effect is good.Do not occur that the seedling rate that raw material chemical factor causes is low, burn seedling seedling death phenomenon; Aqueous vapor condition strong adaptability, because aqueous vapor is inharmonious, poor growth phenomenon is few.
Two is that seedling growth is more sane.Leaf age, height of seedling are similar, dry weight is slightly little, and blade is straight and upright does not hang down loosely, and not prosperous length alters height, and later stage bottom illumination condition is good, and radical leaves is late withered and yellow, and seedling age elasticity is large, and seedling growth security improves.
Three is that seedling agllutination solidity is good.The root quantity of rice shoot is many, look white, intensity is large, good springiness, and the seedling block of more than 90% grabs a small amount of rice shoot and can carry and do not fall apart, and body is complete.Particularly under the situation of excessively wet, overdrying, still can keep good elasticity, significantly be better than contrast.In carrying, machine transplanting of rice process, the fragmentation of seedling block is few, and the rate of loss of rice shoot is low, and during machine transplanting of rice operation, arrangement seedling block is consuming time greatly reduces, and has a clear superiority in raising rice shoot utilization ratio, machine transplanting of rice operating efficiency.
With above-mentioned according to desirable embodiment of the present invention for enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff in the scope not departing from this invention technological thought, can carry out various change and amendment completely.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on specification sheets, must determine its technical scope according to right.
Claims (9)
1. a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, it is characterized in that: this matrix is mixed by chicken manure, wine slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material 1 ~ 1.5:2 by volume ~ 3:3 ~ 4:2.5 ~ 3, first adopt mix and stir, stacking, fermentation, then carry out drying, pulverize, sieve, form finished product matrix.
2. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described chicken manure is the pure chicken manure of breeding layer chicken field.
3. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wine slag is the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid.
4. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cow dung is the cow dung of dairy cow farm.
5. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described edible fungus culturing waste material is cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material.
6. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the waste residue of described cassava brew citric acid take cassava as main raw material, the mixture extracting the waste stayed after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, recycling daylight dries, obtain after mechanical disintegration process.
7. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the Twospore Mushroom substratum that described cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is is main raw material with straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure, the waste stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 2 ~ 3:1.
8. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water content of described finished product matrix is 20 ~ 30%, pH is 6 ~ 7, and unit weight is 500 ~ 600g/L.
9. the production method of a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, by chicken manure, make slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material 1 ~ 1.5:2 by volume ~ 3:3 ~ 4:2.5 ~ 3 mix, and obtains compound;
B, step a gained compound to be sprayed water while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 50 ~ 60%, compound is is evenly mixed and stirred, pile slivering buttress;
C, fermentation: when stack center temperature reaches 58 ~ 62 DEG C, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly replace up and down, and once a day, 25 ~ 35 days, fermentation completely;
D, by fermenting in step c, mixture completely carries out drying, pulverizes, sieves, and forms finished product matrix.
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| CN103804039B true CN103804039B (en) | 2015-11-04 |
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| CN105753527A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-07-13 | 陈淑琴 | Organic vegetable soilless culture matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218196B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-09-04 | 柳州市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN107466723A (en) * | 2017-09-09 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of rice nursery substrate |
| CN107556109A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of functional form lightweight rice seedling raising ground substance fertilizer and its production technology |
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