CN105330409A - Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting - Google Patents
Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting. The method comprises the steps that dry crushed soil of a dry land plough layer, peat dust and organic fertilizer are selected to be mixed evenly according to the mass proportion of 4:3:3, 450 g of water-soluble silicon fertilizer with the effective silicon content of 50%-60% and 1 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer are added in every 100 kg of the mixture, and then mixing, crushing and screening are performed; or 450 g of water-soluble silicon fertilizer with the effective silicon content of 50%-60%, 300 g of urea, 180 g of potassium chloride and 800 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are added in every 100 kg of the mixture, and then mixing, crushing and screening are performed; after screening is finished, 1.5 kg of water is added in 5 g of 25% riclomil, the mixture is evenly sprayed to every 100 kg of the nutrition soil for disinfection, even stirring is performed while spraying is performed, and the nutrition soil is spread out to be air-dried after being stacked for 1 h.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of raising seedling, is a kind of method of raising seedling of rice planting technology specifically.
Background technology
Modern agricultural development paces are constantly accelerated, home farm, big farming household, and the novel management body developments such as Farming Specialty Co-operative Organization, land transformation area is on the increase.Traditional seedling-cultivation technique one is that seedling is of poor quality, and stiff seedling, yellow seedling phenomenon are general, tillers slow late, affects the output of paddy rice; Two be planting scale and facility, manpower particularly thorny, incur loss through delay paddy rice and plant the wedding day; Three is traditional method of raising seedling is that seedling-cultivation plate is placed on field, and after artificial seeding, fortune dish is on seedbed, wastes time and energy, and affects benefit.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just that providing a kind of improves seedling quality, is reduced cost of labor, reduces labour intensity, solved the contradiction of facility, manpower and planting scale, the significant rice planting technology method of raising seedling of cost-saving synergistic by suitable late sowing.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of method of raising seedling of rice planting technology, comprises the following steps:
(1), fertilizer preparation: fresh pig manure is mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:4 with 4mm particle diameter powdered rice hulls, in the ratio of every 500g manure fermentation agent fermentation 1000kg fresh pig manure manure fermentation agent evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in above-mentioned material again and mix, then heap fermentation, one time windrow is no less than 5 sides, highly be not less than 80cm, the temperature of compost fermentation is 25-35 DEG C, and ferment after 20-25 days when rice husk all becomes brown or chocolate, fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed, it is for subsequent use to dry;
(2), seedling bed is built: according to rice field area, rice transplanter quantity, labour and irrigation conditions, divide same date of seeding rice field mu number, seed selection rice seedling bed in the rice field of same date of seeding, seedling dish is opened by every mu of rice field 25-28, every mu of seedling field 2250-2500 opens seedling field number needed for rice field that seedling disc gage calculates same date of seeding, seedling field length setting 25-30 rice, seedling field width sets up multiple tracks seedling pond separately by width 1.2-1.5m, per pass seedling digs seedling ditch between pond, seedling furrow width 25cm, dark 20cm, seedling field surrounding is dug and is enclosed ditch, enclose furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm,
(3), Nutrition Soil preparation: select dry farming layer soil dry hack, peat dust and step (1) fertilizer to mix by the mass ratio of 4:3:3, every 100 kilograms of mixtures add water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams, the 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg mixing fragmentation of available silicon content 50-60%, sieve; Or every 100 kilograms of mixtures add the water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams of available silicon content 50-60%, urea 300g, Repone K 180g, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 800g mix fragmentation, sieve; After sieving every 100kg Nutrition Soil with 25% metalaxyl 5g be watered the even spray disinfectant of 1.5kg, spray and stir simultaneously, pile up spread out after 1h air-dry;
(4), choose seeds: fine day is basked seeds 1-2 days; seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating; carry out Medicament soaked seed; every 5kg seed rice selects 25% JS399-19 suspension agent 3ml, 6% cartap aqua 4ml adds clear water 8kg and fully mixes rear leaching seed rice thoroughly; day samming 23-25 DEG C seed soaking 48h; day samming 18-20 DEG C seed soaking 60h, day samming 15-16 DEG C of seed soaking 72h, seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to breaking chest;
(5), seedling Pan Pu dish: before seedling Chi Pu dish, sowing track is laid on both sides along its length, before paving dish, the moisturizing of seedling pond is preserved soil moisture, flat ditch-water is filled with after the even shop fixtures soil of big area seedling pond, rapid draining after the abundant moisture absorption of subsoil, second day paving dish, the direct watering can watering in small area seedling pond, moisture content reaches capacity and can spread dish; Select seedling dish specification: long 58cm, wide 28cm, high 2.5cm, along seedling pond length longitudinally and horizontally-arranged two row of width, tile successively, closely neat between dish, adjacent seedling plate edge is overlapping to be discharged, and tries to get to the heart of a matter to fit tightly with seedling field;
(6), sow: even shop fixtures soil 2-2.2cm Nutrition Soil in the seedling dish of seedling pond, seed sower is adopted to complete sowing along the feeding of sowing track, step (4) bud paddy 140-150g broadcast by every seedling dish, after planting evenly spread lid Nutrition Soil, thickness of earth covering is advisable with drowning bud paddy, at seedling pond or seedling field surface coverage non-woven fabrics after earthing, and by whole for surrounding compacting; After per pass seedling Chi Pu dish, sowing, one seedling pond under mobile sowing track laying, repetition above-mentioned steps (5), (6) complete seedling dish in seedling field and lay;
(7), fertilising: what fostered and apply fertilizer in seedling field can not execute, and wean is fertile, and the rice shoot that seedling Tian Wei fosters and apply fertilizer and seedling is thin executes wean after setting up shoaling layer in leaf one heart stage fertile, and every mu of seedling pond urea 4-5kg waters when the dusk rice shoot blade guttation water 500kg and executes; Within 2-3 days before planting, execute to send and transfer fertilizer, every mu of seedling pond urea 5-7kg splashes in the dusk to water 500kg, and leaf look dark green rice shoot need not apply fertilizer;
(8), irrigate: should throw off non-woven fabrics when seedling pond nursery bed temperature is more than 28 DEG C, after planting to leaf one heart stage, keeps bed soil moistening, and every day is filled with water of once having a ride on a horse in sandy soil area area, and leaf one heart stage adheres to intermittent irrigation before transplanting; Within before shoot transplanting equipment 5-7 days, throw off non-woven fabrics; 2-4 days control water hardenings before the machine transplanting of rice;
(9), desinsection: to take off after cloth first time desinsection, every mu of seedling pond uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg, aligning rice shoot even spraying before at dusk; 2-3 days before transplanting, second time desinsection, every mu of seedling pond uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg even spraying;
(10), after seedling 18-20 days, seedling dish in seedling pond is adopted rice transplanter rice transplanting.
Described step (6), the seedling field of different sowing dates rice field is sowed by date of seeding interval, and subsequent step (7)-(10), postponed successively by interval time date of seeding.
Described sowing track is multistage track composition structure, every section of track comprises base, tongue, frame side and connect card, base is specification 6cm × 4cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 6m, frame side is specification 4cm × 4cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 80cm, the 4cm limit of every foundation seat is fitted and connected the frame side of two interval 4m, tongue is specification specification 2.5cm × 2.5cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 6m, tongue is connected to the 6cm limit of every foundation seat in the outer part, connect card and comprise two specification 3mm × 3mm, the angle bar of long 10cm, the 4cm limit, side of one angle bar two inner side edge 1/3 length laminating base rectangular steel pipe one end and 6cm base, the opposite side 4cm limit of another angle bar two inner side edge 1/3 length laminating base rectangular steel pipe one end and 6cm base, adjacent segment two track band connects the base the other end of base one end clamping not with connecing card of card.
The waste of Nutrition Soil recycles the pollution simultaneously decreased air, can culture fertility, increases organic content, improves the crumb structure of soil, can reduce costs 20-30% than traditional seedling; The Nutrition Soil metalaxyl 5g of 25% is watered the even spray disinfectant of 1.5kg, and the uniform mixing of spray limit, limit is spread out air-dry after piling up 1h, can eliminate the germ in Nutrition Soil.Seed soaking can pass and the disease and pest in soil-borne disease and seedling stage by water prevention seed rice, can the generation of the effective disease such as the prevention of water Bakanae disease of rice, Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice, can control stripe disease and pass virus mediator small brown rice planthopper the biography at rice seedling bed initial stage is malicious and endanger.Moisturizing soil moisture conservation is in case run wet.Within the scope of proper seeding, the condition such as, labour how many according to rice area size, rice transplanter and irrigation should implement interval sowing, interval 3-4 days of per date of seeding, guarantee that every batch of sowing institute seedling raising all can of the right age transplanting.Should throw off non-woven fabrics when nursery bed temperature is continued above 28 DEG C, after planting to leaf one heart stage, keeps bed soil moistening, and every day is filled with water of once having a ride on a horse in sandy soil area area, guarantees to emerge neatly.One leaf one heart stage, adhered to intermittent irrigation before transplanting, and promoted rice shoot packing.Be sure not to pour water for a long time or drought pipe always, in order to avoid affect rice shoot root of hair and normal growth.Within 5-7 days before transplanting, throw off non-woven fabrics, the machine transplanting of rice controls water hardening in first about 3 days, to strengthen the anti-adversity ability of rice shoot.Bed earth culture fertilizer can not to execute wean fertile, the rice shoot wean that bed soil is not fostered and apply fertilizer and seedling is thin is fertile set up shoaling layer in leaf one heart stage after, every mu of seedling pond urea 4-5kg waters when the dusk rice shoot blade guttation water 500kg and executes; Within 2-3 days before planting, execute to send and transfer fertilizer, general mu seedling pond urea 5-7kg is to water 500kg in splashing at dusk, and leaf look dark green rice shoot need not apply fertilizer.To prevent after taking off cloth curing the insect pests such as small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, snout moth's larva.First time every mu uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg, before at dusk, aim at rice shoot even spraying.Second time 2-3 days before transplanting, every mu uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg even spraying, and the stripe virus disease, the black streak dwarf that effectively alleviate small brown rice planthopper propagation cause harm.
Adopt fresh pig manure and powdered rice hulls, waste is fully utilized, reduce environmental pollution, save resource, coordinating manure fermentation agent to prepare fertilizer can decomposition powdered rice hulls, pig manure rapidly, organism is changed into the nutritive ingredient that crop can absorb, and can deodoring and disinfecting; Utilize the mixing of soil, peat, pig manure, powdered rice hulls to do Nutrition Soil seedling, providing cost savings than full matrix seedling, than entirely having saved soil with soil seedling, adding nutrient; Can shorten seeding stage 2 ~ 3 days, seedling quality is good, and resistance is comparatively strong, and seedling stage occurs without vertical withered, the blue or green disease such as withered, and packing power strengthens 25%, hinders that seedling alleviates, rooting ability strong during transplanting, and early stage seedling of sending out is fast, is conducive to Honda chemical weed control; Due to by 3-4 days different sowing dates seedling timed intervals, solve because rice field area is large, rice transplanter number of units is not enough, labour is few, delay the progress of planting, the contradiction missed the farming season; Adopt sowing rail set directly on seedbed balance, spread soil, sowing, than selling at reduced prices on field after planting, fortune dish is on seedbed, and time saving and energy saving, cost is low, easy and simple to handle.Sowing track used coordinates planting with sowing machine, greatly improves efficiency and the seeding quality of Mechanization sowing operation, can industrialization produce; Adopt this method energy increase yield 7-12%, seedling link energy cost-saving synergistic 485 yuan/mu.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is seedling field of the present invention structural representation;
Fig. 2 is sowing track structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is sowing track using state figure.
In figure: seedling field 1, seedling pond 2, encloses ditch 3, seedling ditch 4, and sowing track 5, seedling dish 6, base 7, frame side 8, tongue 9, connects card 10, seed sower 11.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Shown in Fig. 1: the seedling field 1 choosing suitable area in rice field, seedling field 1 length setting 25-30 rice, seedling field 1 surrounding digs encloses ditch 3, enclose the wide 30cm of ditch 3, dark 20cm, seedling field 1 width sets up multiple tracks seedling pond 2 separately by width 1.2-1.5m, sowing track 5 is laid in per pass seedling pond 2 along its length both sides, digs seedling ditch 4 between per pass seedling pond 2, the wide 25cm of seedling ditch 4, dark 20cm.Seedling dish 6 specification: long 58cm, wide 28cm, high 2.5cm, along seedling pond length longitudinally and horizontally-arranged two row of width, tile successively, closely neat between dish, adjacent seedling plate edge is overlapping to be discharged, and tries to get to the heart of a matter to fit tightly with seedling field.
Fig. 2, the track 5 of sowing shown in 3 is multistage track composition structure, every section of track comprises base 7, tongue 9, frame side 8 and connect card 10, base 7 is specification 6cm × 4cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 6m, frame side 8 is specification 4cm × 4cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 80cm, the 4cm limit of every foundation seat 7 is fitted and connected the frame side 8 of two interval 4m, tongue 9 is specification specification 2.5cm × 2.5cm, the rectangular steel pipe of long 6m, tongue 9 is connected to the 6cm limit of every foundation seat 7 in the outer part, connect card 10 and comprise two specification 3mm × 3mm, the angle bar of long 10cm, the 4cm limit, side of one angle bar two inner side edge 1/3 length laminating base 7 rectangular steel pipe one end and 6cm base, the opposite side 4cm limit of another angle bar two inner side edge 1/3 length laminating base 7 rectangular steel pipe one end and 6cm base, adjacent segment two track band connects the base the other end of base one end clamping not with connecing card of card.
Shown in Fig. 4, on the base 7 that the both sides wheel frame of seed sower 11 is located at the sowing track 5 of both sides, seedling pond 2 or tongue 9, and tongue 9 is spacing on base 7, and seed sower completes the sowing to seedling dish in seedling pond along the length direction feeding of seedling pond.
Seedling step of the present invention is:
(1), fertilizer preparation: fresh pig manure is mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:4 with 4mm particle diameter powdered rice hulls, in the ratio of every 500g manure fermentation agent fermentation 1000kg fresh pig manure manure fermentation agent evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in above-mentioned material again and mix, then heap fermentation, one time windrow is no less than 5 sides, highly be not less than 80cm, the temperature of compost fermentation is 25-35 DEG C, and ferment after 20-25 days when rice husk all becomes brown or chocolate, fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed, it is for subsequent use to dry;
(2), seedling bed is built: according to rice field area, rice transplanter quantity, labour and irrigation conditions, divide same date of seeding rice field mu number, seed selection rice seedling bed in the rice field of same date of seeding, seedling dish is opened by every mu of rice field 25-28, every mu of seedling field 2250-2500 opens seedling field number needed for rice field that seedling disc gage calculates same date of seeding, seedling field length setting 25-30 rice, seedling field width sets up multiple tracks seedling pond separately by width 1.2-1.5m, per pass seedling digs seedling ditch between pond, seedling furrow width 25cm, dark 20cm, seedling field surrounding is dug and is enclosed ditch, enclose furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm,
(3), Nutrition Soil preparation: select dry farming layer soil dry hack, peat dust and step (1) fertilizer to mix by the mass ratio of 4:3:3, every 100 kilograms of mixtures add water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams, the 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg mixing fragmentation of available silicon content 50-60%, sieve; Or every 100 kilograms of mixtures add the water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams of available silicon content 50-60%, urea 300g, Repone K 180g, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 800g mix fragmentation, sieve; After sieving every 100kg Nutrition Soil with 25% metalaxyl 5g be watered the even spray disinfectant of 1.5kg, spray and stir simultaneously, pile up spread out after 1h air-dry;
(4), choose seeds: fine day is basked seeds 1-2 days; seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating; carry out Medicament soaked seed; every 5kg seed rice selects 25% JS399-19 suspension agent 3ml, 6% cartap aqua 4ml adds clear water 8kg and fully mixes rear leaching seed rice thoroughly; day samming 23-25 DEG C seed soaking 48h; day samming 18-20 DEG C seed soaking 60h, day samming 15-16 DEG C of seed soaking 72h, seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to breaking chest;
(5), seedling Pan Pu dish: before seedling Chi Pu dish, sowing track is laid on both sides along its length, before paving dish, the moisturizing of seedling pond is preserved soil moisture, flat ditch-water is filled with after the even shop fixtures soil of big area seedling pond, rapid draining after the abundant moisture absorption of subsoil, second day paving dish, the direct watering can watering in small area seedling pond, moisture content reaches capacity and can spread dish; Select seedling dish specification: long 58cm, wide 28cm, high 2.5cm, along seedling pond length longitudinally and horizontally-arranged two row of width, tile successively, closely neat between dish, adjacent seedling plate edge is overlapping to be discharged, and tries to get to the heart of a matter to fit tightly with seedling field;
(6), sow: even shop fixtures soil 2-2.2cm Nutrition Soil in the seedling dish of seedling pond, seed sower is adopted to complete sowing along the feeding of sowing track, step (4) bud paddy 140-150g broadcast by every seedling dish, after planting evenly spread lid Nutrition Soil, thickness of earth covering is advisable with drowning bud paddy, at seedling pond or seedling field surface coverage non-woven fabrics after earthing, and by whole for surrounding compacting; After per pass seedling Chi Pu dish, sowing, one seedling pond under mobile sowing track laying, repetition above-mentioned steps (5), (6) complete seedling dish in seedling field and lay;
(7), fertilising: what fostered and apply fertilizer in seedling field can not execute, and wean is fertile, and the rice shoot that seedling Tian Wei fosters and apply fertilizer and seedling is thin executes wean after setting up shoaling layer in leaf one heart stage fertile, and every mu of seedling pond urea 4-5kg waters when the dusk rice shoot blade guttation water 500kg and executes; Within 2-3 days before planting, execute to send and transfer fertilizer, every mu of seedling pond urea 5-7kg splashes in the dusk to water 500kg, and leaf look dark green rice shoot need not apply fertilizer;
(8), irrigate: should throw off non-woven fabrics when seedling pond nursery bed temperature is more than 28 DEG C, after planting to leaf one heart stage, keeps bed soil moistening, and every day is filled with water of once having a ride on a horse in sandy soil area area, and leaf one heart stage adheres to intermittent irrigation before transplanting; Within before shoot transplanting equipment 5-7 days, throw off non-woven fabrics; 2-4 days control water hardenings before the machine transplanting of rice;
(9), desinsection: to take off after cloth first time desinsection, every mu of seedling pond uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg, aligning rice shoot even spraying before at dusk; 2-3 days before transplanting, second time desinsection, every mu of seedling pond uses 20% isoprocarb 200ml to water 40-50kg even spraying;
(10), after seedling 18-20 days, seedling dish in seedling pond is adopted rice transplanter rice transplanting.
Step (6), the seedling field of different sowing dates rice field is sowed by date of seeding interval, and subsequent step (7)-(10), postponed successively by interval time date of seeding.
Adopt the present invention can shorten seeding stage 2 ~ 3 days, seedling quality is good, and resistance is comparatively strong, and seedling stage occurs without vertical withered, the blue or green disease such as withered, and packing power strengthens 25%, hinders that seedling alleviates, rooting ability strong during transplanting, and early stage seedling of sending out is fast, is conducive to Honda chemical weed control; The invention solves because transplanting scale is large, facility, labour are few, delay the progress of planting, the contradiction missed the farming season.Adopt this method energy increase yield 7-12%, seedling link energy cost-saving synergistic 485 yuan/mu.
Seedling of the present invention is compared with common seedling.Within 2014, in Grain Development garden, Yao Wang town, Taixing City of Jiangsu Province, carry out seedling test, method for culturing seedlings of the present invention and full garden mould method of raising seedling, full matrix method of raising seedling for contrasting, mensuration seedling quality and output and cost situation.As following table.
table 1 nursery quality and output condition table
As shown in Table 1, the present invention compares with full matrix seedling with full garden mould, and root area, root volume, the long-pending power of total dish are significantly higher than other two kinds of seedling, illustrates that the present invention significantly promotes root growth and root system dish knot, improve the dish knot power of root system, improve the overall quality of rice shoot.The management of the raising of seedling quality paddy rice middle and later periods in addition, actual output of the present invention is 690.6 ㎏/mu, increase yield 7%--12%.
Claims (1)
1. the seedling Nutrition Soil preparation method of a rice planting technology: select dry farming layer soil dry hack, peat dust and step (1) fertilizer to mix by the mass ratio of 4:3:3, every 100 kilograms of mixtures add water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams, the 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg mixing fragmentation of available silicon content 50-60%, sieve; Or every 100 kilograms of mixtures add the water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 450 grams of available silicon content 50-60%, urea 300g, Repone K 180g, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 800g mix fragmentation, sieve; After sieving every 100kg Nutrition Soil with 25% metalaxyl 5g be watered the even spray disinfectant of 1.5kg, spray and stir simultaneously, pile up spread out after 1h air-dry.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN106358833A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-02-01 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Nutrient soil for cultivating mechanical-transplanting rice long-age strong seedlings as well as preparation method and application of nutrient soil |
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