CN103798088A - Method for preparing straw and biogas manure soil used for rice transplanting through rice machine and culturing rice seedlings - Google Patents
Method for preparing straw and biogas manure soil used for rice transplanting through rice machine and culturing rice seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing straw and biogas manure soil used for rice transplanting through a rice machine and culturing rice seedlings. The method includes the following steps of matrix preparation, placing of matrixes into a disc, sowing and seedling culture, seedling-stage temperature control, water management and fertilizer and plant disease and insect pest management. A large number of straws, existing in agricultural production, of crops like rapes, corn and rice are utilized, mechanically smashed, mixed with biogas manure and a small amount of soil and soaked, and accordingly a novel rice machine seedling culture matrix full in nutrition ingredient, light in weight and capable of being transported for a long time is prepared. Crop straws and biogas manure are effectively utilized, and therefore pollution to the rural environment is reduced; seedlings with high quality are cultured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture technology, relate in particular to a kind of preparation and method of raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting.
Background technology
Machine-transplanted rice seedling raising mode is mainly mechanization seedling streamline seedling-cultivation plate.This seedling raising method need be taken a large amount of fertile earth as Nutrition Soil, causes a large amount of fertile soil layer and vegetation to be seriously damaged, and high-quality farmland is ruined, good mountain region vegetation deterioration; Many grains functional areas and service cooperation for agricultural machinery are desirable without high-quality soil, affect agricultural sustainable development.Herbicide residue in dry crop easily makes rice shoot teratogenesis, lethal; The rice shoot that utilizes Nutrition Soil to be bred as has that rice shoot root system is few, seedling is weak, own wt weight, transports the features such as fugitive.In addition, the soilless substrate price in existing market is higher and unstable properties.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of preparation and method of raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting, effectively utilize the crop straws such as a large amount of rape of existing in agricultural production, corn, paddy rice, cotton, mix retting by the loam fertile and a small amount of with natural pond, make that nutrition is complete, lightweight, the Novel rice of resistance to transportation machinery seedling raising ground substance, cultivate high-quality rice shoot simultaneously.
The present invention for the technical scheme that solves its technical problem and adopt is:
For a preparation method for the straw natural pond soil of rice machine rice transplanting, comprise the following steps:
(1) get crop straw, natural pond fertilizer, the loam that quality proportioning is 0.5～1.3:0.5～1.5:0.8～2.2 and do raw material;
(2) with conventional stalk crusher, crop straw is pulverized, crop straw and natural pond fertilizer, loam after pulverizing is fully mixed, dry wet take hand pinch agglomerating, land and fall apart as principle;
(3) upper heap retting, covers and prevents from rainwater from covering tightly with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet, prevents airtightly, is advisable with stalk overstrike, obtains straw natural pond soil.
Described crop straw is one or more in rape, paddy rice, corn, cotton, soybean.
Described natural pond Fei Wei natural pond liquid and/or natural pond slag.
Described loam is slight viscosity loam.
The method of raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting prepared by said method, comprises the following steps:
(1) medium in tray: pack into the straw natural pond soil preparing as matrix on paddy machinery sowing streamline seedling dish is carried out to sabot, regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: the conventional seed of the amount of broadcasting is 120-130 gram/dish, hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, lid seed can cover with the straw natural pond soil of 5mm; After planting on seedling dish, heap covers and prevents water evaporates with Polypropylence Sheet thing, waits rice shoot in dish more than 80% to show after pin and put and grow seedlings in booth;
(3) temperature control in seedling stage: early rice sprouts remains on 25-28 ℃ in booth at a leaf before wholeheartedly, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilating in the time of 1.5 leaf to 2.5 leaf, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, the mode that rice shoot can take to take off lid at night when above at 2.5 leaves daytime, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ of left and right, progressively adapts to the environment of outside;
(4) water management: after planting will be the in time upper heap of seedling dish covers and prevents moisture evaporation, runs into the moisturizing in time that has seedling dish dry, seedling dish emerge after when balance, a bed Tu Shui will irrigate, seedling dish wants compacting to prevent that moisture from evaporating;
(5) fertilizer and pest management: ordinary circumstance does not need fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest, should by that time actual conditions handle accordingly while control as need.
In step (3), for middle late rice, booth should open round the clock and periphery will ventilate, and with good conditionsily during late rice can suitably increase sunshade net.
The principle of watering in step (4) rests in seedling dish non-whitening, and seedling point is sprayed water once when hai roll does not recover at dusk, and watering time is advisable with after at 4 in afternoon.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, solve the problem that fetches earth of large area, mu soil is measured and dropped to below 20 kilograms by original 90 kilograms, effectively alleviated the problem of soil deficiency.
2, solve problem of environmental pollution, the straws such as rice husk after straw after results, processing, rape, cotton, corn are arbitrarily deposited in rand, road limit or on-site incineration, have a strong impact on surrounding environment and air quality, even have influence on flying object in the sky in the rape harvest season.And natural pond liquid is owing to trickling completely everywhere in pond, severe contamination village surrounding enviroment.
3, solve matrix nutrition deficiency and sick worm problem, matrix nutrition composition deficiency and use chemical fertilizer or growth regulator in the market, make the growth of body seedling too fast or excessively slow, and the batching using in this matrix is mainly natural pond fertilizer, crop straw and a small amount of soil, wherein natural pond fertilizer not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus, the large element of potassium three, also contain the trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, for plant growth provides essential nutrient component.In addition, in the liquid of natural pond, also contain each amino acid, vitamin, protein, gibberellin, growth hormone, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, antibiotic etc., wherein have many physiological activators, they have regulating and controlling effect, crop pest are had to preventive and therapeutic effect crop growthing development.
4, solution rice seedling root of hair is few, seedling weak and the weak problem of root system dish knot power, this matrix air permeable effect is good, be beneficial to the growth of rice root, paddy rice is broadcast rear 1-2 days, the aerial root that has been covered with paddy rice on seedling dish, seminal root root is long, and secondary root root is long, many, increase rice root dish knot power, be beneficial to paddy rice transportation and the machine transplanting of rice.According to surveying and determination, hundred strains ground fresh weights and dry weight weigh respectively 1.3 grams and 0.6 gram than Nutrition Soil, and underground fresh weight and dry weight weigh respectively 2.3 and 0.4 grams than Nutrition Soil, and rice shoot performance root is many, root long and seedling strong.
5, quality is light, easily carrying, and the seedling that this matrix is bred as, every dish weight is 2-2.5 kilogram, general adult can remove 20 dishes at every turn, and the seedling dish that Nutrition Soil is bred as is heavily 4-4.5 kilogram, and general adult removes at most 10 dishes at every turn, and fortune work is than the few half of Nutrition Soil.And the seedling dish knot power that this matrix is bred as cans be compared to the good of Nutrition Soil, the resistance to long-distance transportation of not fugitive dish.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below by embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
Embodiment: a kind of preparation and method of raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting, comprise the following steps:
1, matrix composition is pulverized rape, paddy rice, corn, cotton, Soybean and Other Crops straw with conventional stalk crusher after, add 2000 kilograms, the natural pond liquid of 1200 kilograms and/or natural pond slag and loam by 1000 kilograms of crop straws, fully mix, dry wet take hand pinch agglomerating, land and fall apart as principle, then upper heap retting, covers and prevents rainwater with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet, can not cover tightly, prevent airtightly, be advisable with stalk overstrike, obtain straw natural pond soil.
2, medium in tray packs the matrix preparing on paddy machinery sowing streamline into seedling dish is carried out to sabot, and regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable.
3, the conventional seed of the seeding and seedling raising amount of broadcasting is 120-130 gram/dish, and hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, and lid seed can cover by the matrix of 5mm.After planting on seedling dish, heap covers and prevents water evaporates with Polypropylence Sheet thing, waits rice shoot in dish more than 80% to show after pin and put and grow seedlings in booth.
4, seedling stage temperature control early rice sprouts remain on 25-28 ℃ in booth at a leaf before wholeheartedly, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilating in the time of 1.5 leaf to 2.5 leaf, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, the mode that rice shoot can take to take off lid at night when above at 2.5 leaves daytime, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ of left and right, progressively adapts to the environment of outside.Middle late rice due to seedling during temperature higher, booth should open round the clock and periphery will ventilate, and with good conditionsily during late rice can suitably increase sunshade net.
5, water management will above be piled in time to cover after broadcasting and be prevented moisture evaporation, run into the moisturizing in time that has plate dry, seedling dish emerge after when balance, bed Tu Shui will irrigate, dish wants compacting to prevent moisture evaporation, the principle of watering rests in seedling dish non-whitening, and seedling point is sprayed water once when hai roll does not recover at dusk, and watering time is advisable with after at 4 in afternoon.
6, fertilizer and pest management ordinary circumstance do not need fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest, while control, please handle accordingly by actual conditions at that time as need.
Beneficial effect analysis of the present invention:
1, the analysis of seedling quality with 20 day length of time rice seedlings grow straw natural pond soil of two japonica rice in evening compared with Nutrition Soil, straw natural pond soil plant height is 18.7cm, than the short 1.8cm of contrast, leaf age is than many 0.2 leaves of contrast, and false stem is wide than the many 0.1cm of contrast, radical is than many 2.7 of contrast, root is long than the short 0.3cm of contrast, and hundred strains ground fresh weights and dry weight weigh respectively 1.3 grams and 0.6 gram than contrast, and underground fresh weight and dry weight weigh respectively 1.2 and 0.2 grams than contrast, straw natural pond soil is almost without the incidence of disease, and the contrast incidence of disease is 21.3%.The general performance of straw natural pond soil rice shoot is, tall and straight, short strong, the advantage such as root is many, packing power is strong of leaf look delicate and pretty.
2, after the seedling growing that land for growing field crops performance and Analysis of Yield straw natural pond soil are bred as, period of seedling establishment is than the short 3-4 days of Nutrition Soil, and without losing seedling phenomenon, tillering, it is Zao faster than Nutrition Soil to occur.Species test performance harvest time: soil effective fringe in straw natural pond is than the average many 1.2 ten thousand/667m of Nutrition Soil
2, average many 12.4 of every total grain panicle number, ripening rate on average improves 3.7%, on average increases output 23.5kg/667m
2.
3, performance analysis
(1) economic benefit straw natural pond soil is discarded object straw, natural pond liquid and a small amount of soil of crops due to what use, production cost is mainly manually, compared with Nutrition Soil recruitment, average mu cost is saved 7.5 yuan than Nutrition Soil, output mu increases by 23.5 kilograms, mu increases income 65.8 yuan (paddy price is 2.8 yuan/kg), and the synergy of average mu is 73.3 yuan.
(2) what social benefit straw natural pond soil matrix matter was used is stalk, natural pond liquid and a small amount of soil of crop, can effectively reduce the destruction to arable land soil layer, reduce crops straw arbitrarily to stack and cause and the hidden danger of fire agriculture sustainable development is of great significance.
(3) primary raw material of ecological benefits straw natural pond soil matrix matter is crops straw and natural pond liquid, by applying of new matrix, can reduce that crop straw after results is arbitrarily deposited in rand, road limit or on-site incineration and the serious environmental pollution that brings, natural pond liquid in man of peasant household is collected and reduce and leak, reduce the propagation of germ, make significant contribution to building fine rural area.
The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. for a preparation method for the straw natural pond soil of rice machine rice transplanting, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) get crop straw, natural pond fertilizer, the loam that quality proportioning is 0.5～1.3:0.5～1.5:0.8～2.2 and do raw material;
(2) with conventional stalk crusher, crop straw is pulverized, crop straw and natural pond fertilizer, loam after pulverizing is fully mixed, dry wet take hand pinch agglomerating, land and fall apart as principle;
(3) upper heap retting, covers and prevents from rainwater from covering tightly with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet, prevents airtightly, is advisable with stalk overstrike, obtains straw natural pond soil.
2. the preparation method of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described crop straw is one or more in rape, paddy rice, corn, cotton, soybean.
3. the preparation method of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described natural pond Fei Wei natural pond liquid and/or natural pond slag.
4. the preparation method of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described loam is slight viscosity loam.
5. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting that as claimed in claim 1 prepared by method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) medium in tray: pack into the straw natural pond soil preparing as matrix on paddy machinery sowing streamline seedling dish is carried out to sabot, regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: the conventional seed of the amount of broadcasting is 120-130 gram/dish, hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, lid seed can cover with the straw natural pond soil of 5mm; After planting on seedling dish, heap covers and prevents water evaporates with Polypropylence Sheet thing, waits rice shoot in dish more than 80% to show after pin and put and grow seedlings in booth;
(3) temperature control in seedling stage: early rice sprouts remains on 25-28 ℃ in booth at a leaf before wholeheartedly, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilating in the time of 1.5 leaf to 2.5 leaf, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, the mode that rice shoot can take to take off lid at night when above at 2.5 leaves daytime, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ of left and right, progressively adapts to the environment of outside;
(4) water management: after planting will be the in time upper heap of seedling dish covers and prevents moisture evaporation, runs into the moisturizing in time that has seedling dish dry, seedling dish emerge after when balance, a bed Tu Shui will irrigate, seedling dish wants compacting to prevent that moisture from evaporating;
(5) fertilizer and pest management: ordinary circumstance does not need fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest, should by that time actual conditions handle accordingly while control as need.
6. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (3), for middle late rice, booth should open round the clock and periphery will ventilate, and with good conditionsily during late rice can suitably increase sunshade net.
7. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice machine rice transplanting as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the principle of watering in step (4) rests in seedling dish non-whitening, and seedling point is sprayed water once when hai roll does not recover at dusk, and watering time is advisable with after at 4 in afternoon.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104350990A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Organic matrix seedling raising method for mechanically-planted paddy formula |
| CN104686042A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江农林大学 | Paddy field fertilizing method based on biogas slurry water fertilizer |
| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN107836337A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method of raising seedling of machine-transplanted rice light soil-less matrix |
| CN108901795A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of dry rice seedling method adapting to large-scale production |
| CN109328986A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | A method of organic culture substrate is prepared with sawdust-rice husk-straw decomposing fermentation |
| CN113632700A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 东北农业大学 | Soilless rice seedling raising method utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104350990A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Organic matrix seedling raising method for mechanically-planted paddy formula |
| CN104686042A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江农林大学 | Paddy field fertilizing method based on biogas slurry water fertilizer |
| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN107836337A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method of raising seedling of machine-transplanted rice light soil-less matrix |
| CN108901795A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of dry rice seedling method adapting to large-scale production |
| CN109328986A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | A method of organic culture substrate is prepared with sawdust-rice husk-straw decomposing fermentation |
| CN113632700A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 东北农业大学 | Soilless rice seedling raising method utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues |
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