CN104396556A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of sweet sorghum in high saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A cultivation method for increasing the yield of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land. In the middle of March, flood the saline-alkali land with flood water once, with an irrigation amount of 60-100m3 per mu, and dry it for 1-1.5 months to make the surface dry until it can enter. 1000kg-1500kg of miscellaneous fertilizers or 50-55kg of compound fertilizers, and then rotary tillage 1-2 times to mix soil and fertilizer, rake pressure to preserve moisture, and make the ground level; before sowing sweet sorghum, treat it with a seed coating agent. Cytomycin, Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum, fulvic acid, spice powder, indole acetic acid, trace elements, α-sodium naphthalene acetate growth regulator, EDTA-2Na chelating agent, humic acid, peat, fungicide, Insecticide mixed seed dressing treatment When seed dressing, first mix in the insecticide, and then mix in the fungicide after 3-6 hours of stuffing, and sow immediately after the seed dressing is completed.

Description

A cultivation method for increasing the yield of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land.

Background technique

Sweet sorghum is an important green energy crop and one of the main crops for the development of biomass energy in northern my country. The sugar content of its stalks can reach 15%-20%. It is known as a "high-energy crop" and has a wide range of uses. It can produce high-efficiency, renewable, and pollution-free vehicle fuel ethanol, and can also be used as feed, sugar, and paper-making raw materials. Using sweet sorghum as an energy crop to develop biomass energy is of great significance to alleviate the energy crisis, reduce environmental pollution, and increase farmers' income. my country has a lot of people and little land. As an energy crop, sweet sorghum is planted on saline-alkali land, which conforms to the principle of "not competing with people for food and land", and has broad development prospects.

In recent years, as the high-efficiency ecological economic zone in the Yellow River Delta has risen to a national strategy, and energy plants have gradually been valued, the planting of sweet sorghum for energy has become a hot spot in the development of this area. However, planting sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land has a direct impact on the biological yield of sweet sorghum due to low seedling emergence rate, low seedling survival rate, and weak seedlings, and it is difficult to promote it on a large scale. Research and development of cultivation methods that can effectively improve the emergence quality of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land will play a vital role in promoting the energy crop industry. After retrieval, no technical disclosure of the saline-alkali sweet sorghum cultivation method has been found so far.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a cultivation method for increasing the yield of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the technical means: a cultivation method for improving the yield of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

Soil preparation: in mid-March, flood the saline-alkali land once, with an irrigation volume of 60-100m ³ per mu, and dry it for 1-1.5 months to make the surface dry enough to enter, and apply 1000kg-1500kg of soil fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu 50-55kg, and then 1-2 times of rotary tillage to mix soil and fertilizer, rake pressure to preserve moisture, and level the ground;

Seed treatment: sweet sorghum is treated with a seed coating agent before sowing. The composition of the seed coating agent includes: actinomycin, Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum, fulvic acid, spice powder, indole acetic acid, trace elements, α— Sodium naphthalene acetate growth regulator, EDTA—2Na chelating agent, humic acid, peat, fungicides, and insecticides for mixed seed dressing treatment. When seed dressing, first mix in the insecticide, and then mix in after 3-6 hours of stuffiness Fungicide, sow seeds immediately after seed dressing treatment;

Sowing: According to the moisture situation after flood irrigation, choose to sow in early or mid-May; the sowing rate is 1.0-2.0kg/mu; planting in furrows, the width of the furrow is 120-140 cm, the height of the furrow is about 20 cm, planting in wide and narrow rows, wide rows The row spacing is 100-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, the hole spacing is 35-40 cm, and there are 3 plants in each hole. Sow the treated seeds in double seeds in the ditch, and cover the soil while sowing. The soil is 1 inch and solid, with 5,700-6,700 seedlings per mu; the sowing method of ditching, sowing, soil covering, and suppression is adopted at one time; after sowing, it is covered with plastic film, which is 80-100 cm wide and 0.008-0.01 cm thick Transparent plastic film, one film covers two rows;

Field management at the seedling stage: Seedling release: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, the seedlings are released, and the plastic film is about to be broken to expose the seedlings; the hole is sealed: according to the soil moisture under the film, the seedling hole is timely sealed, and the field soil is used to seal the plastic film. Breach; Ding seedlings and replenishing seedlings: After the emergence of sweet sorghum, it is necessary to timely seedlings, Ding seedlings, remove weak ones and keep strong ones; Seedlings in the 3-4 leaf stage, Ding seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage, and check the seedlings in time to replenish the seedlings; When replenishing the seedlings, move the seedlings with soil Plant it to the place where the seedlings are missing, and add water and topdressing.

The number of parts by weight of the described actinomycetes of the seed coating agent is 0.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Bacillus subtilis is 2.0-2.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Azospirillum is 0.2, and the number of parts by weight of the described jelly-like spores The parts by weight of bacillus are 0.2, the parts by weight of said fulvic acid are 2, the parts by weight of said spice powder are 1, the parts by weight of said indole acetic acid are 0.1 and the parts by weight of said trace elements are 1- 5. The parts by weight of the α-naphthalene sodium acetate growth regulator is 0.1-0.2, the parts by weight of the EDTA-2Na chelating agent is 0.2-0.3, the parts by weight of the humic acid are 25-40, The parts by weight of the peat are 25-40.

The fungicide is 15wt% triadimefon wettable powder, based on the mass of active ingredients of the fungicide, the seeds are dressed in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.3‰ of the amount of sweet sorghum seeds; the insecticide is 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate , Dressing seeds according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.3% of the seed quantity.

The topdressing is to apply seedling fertilizer for the first time when the leaves are 5-6, apply 7.5-10 kg of urea per mu, apply furrows in the middle of the furrow, and then cover the soil. When the leaves are 8-9, carry out The second topdressing is to apply stalk fertilizer. This time, the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 25% of the total amount of fertilizer applied. 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu. At the same time, carry out fertilization for the third time, i.e. attack ear fertilizer, this time the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 35% of the total fertilization amount, apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and add 10 kg of potassium chloride, combined with the application of large soil, 9 leaves and 15 leaves, respectively, for a root topdressing, mu with 50 grams of rare earth or 800-1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray.

Advantages of the invention

The invention can enhance the stress-resistance ability of plants such as disease resistance, insect resistance, drought resistance and waterlogging resistance. Due to the formation of a large number of beneficial bacteria in the roots, and the secretion of plant-promoting substances and antibiotics, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is inhibited, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the biological control ability of soil diseases is improved. Improve the ability to resist heavy cropping disease, Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, root rot, root-knot nematode, rice blast, bacterial wilt and other diseases. At the same time, it can effectively control underground pests such as mole crickets, cutworms, and needle worms.

The invention contains multifunctional biological activator fulvic acid and trace elements in various nutrients, so it has multiple functions, especially the ability to resist drought, waterlogging, lodging and early maturity of crops is very obvious. Overcoming the shortcomings of traditional seed coating agents with single effect, it is a new generation of bio-organic seed dressing agent developed for the problems of low ground temperature in northern spring, easy powdery seeds, rotten seeds, incomplete emergence, low survival rate, and weak seedling vigor.

The present invention aims at the three main causes of crop heavy cropping and yield reduction, namely pests and diseases, nutritional imbalance and harmful substances secreted by roots, and adopts feasible prevention and control measures, that is, adopting actinomycetal antibiotics to improve soil fertility and enhance crop disease resistance , Insect resistance. Its ingredients such as fulvic acid, trace elements and growth regulators can meet the nutritional needs of crops. Regulate and promote growth and development, and alleviate crop yield reduction.

The invention can eliminate the harm of pesticide and herbicide residues to seeds and seedlings, and has a certain function of detoxification. Currently, the problem of chemical herbicide damage in field crop production is particularly serious, and the seed dressing of the invention can achieve twice the result with half the effort. It can completely eliminate the harmful symptoms of chemical herbicides and other pesticides.

The growth regulator contained in the biological organic seed coating agent of the present invention-high-purity α-sodium naphthalene acetate has three major effects, the first is to promote the formation of adventitious roots, the second is to promote fruit expansion and the expansion of tubers and tubers, and the second is to promote the expansion of fruits and tubers and tubers. The third is to prevent falling medicine and fruit, which has the function of preventing falling. In addition, it can promote growth, promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, and promote the differentiation of buds and flower buds. Therefore, it can promote flowering and fruit setting, lush branches and leaves, increase yield, and improve quality. It can regulate the growth and development of crops and increase yield.

The present invention reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers, improves fertilizer efficiency, and improves crop quality. The amount of chemical fertilizers can be reduced by more than 10%. Because the amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, land pollution is reduced, nitrates and pesticide residues are degraded, and the protein, sugar, and vitamin content of agricultural products are improved. , melons and fruits, and food crops are delicious in color and delicious in quality. This method has a wide row spacing of 100 cm to 150 cm, which is 50 to 100 cm wider than that of ordinary planting techniques, can make full use of the advantages of side rows, is more fully ventilated and transparent, and is convenient for access and field management.

The narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, which is suitable for both film-covered planting and drip irrigation. It is not only suitable for planting by a family, but also suitable for large-scale promotion.

Three plants in each hole narrowed the bead distance, increased the hole distance, and enhanced the ventilation effect. At the same time, the three plants grow together, and the root systems are intertwined together, which improves the lodging resistance. Since the hole spacing is 35-40 cm, 5,700-6,700 seedlings per mu can be retained according to the characteristics of the variety, which can greatly increase the yield of corn per unit area.

The method of the present invention is simple to operate, as long as it is replaced or changed into a three-grain seeding disc, it can be sown with an ordinary seeder.

The method of the invention retains about 2000 more seedlings per mu than the common planting technique, so that the yield per unit area of corn is greatly increased. After a large-scale experiment of 155 mu at multiple points, the average yield per mu increased by 244 kg. It can not only greatly increase farmers' income, but also has great significance for ensuring national food security.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below; it should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Choose Jitianza No. 1, flood the saline-alkali land once in mid-March, with an irrigation rate of 60m ³ per mu, and let it dry for 1 month until the surface is dry enough to enter. Apply 1000kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu, and then rotary tillage 1 time to mix soil and fertilizer, rake pressure to keep moisture, and make the ground level;

Seed treatment: sweet sorghum is treated with a seed coating agent before sowing. The composition of the seed coating agent includes: actinomycin, Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum, fulvic acid, spice powder, indole acetic acid, trace elements, α— Sodium naphthalene acetate growth regulator, EDTA—2Na chelating agent, humic acid, peat, fungicides, and insecticides for mixed seed dressing treatment. When seed dressing, first mix in the insecticide, and then mix in after 3-6 hours of stuffiness Fungicide, sow seeds immediately after seed dressing treatment;

Sowing: According to the moisture situation after flood irrigation, choose to sow in early or mid-May; the sowing rate is 1.0-2.0kg/mu; planting in furrows, the width of the furrow is 120-140 cm, the height of the furrow is about 20 cm, planting in wide and narrow rows, wide rows The row spacing is 100-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, the hole spacing is 35-40 cm, and there are 3 plants in each hole. Sow the treated seeds in double seeds in the ditch, and cover the soil while sowing. The soil is 1 inch and solid, with 5,700-6,700 seedlings per mu; the sowing method of ditching, sowing, soil covering, and suppression is adopted at one time; after sowing, it is covered with plastic film, which is 80-100 cm wide and 0.008-0.01 cm thick Transparent plastic film, one film covers two rows;

Field management at the seedling stage: Seedling release: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, the seedlings are released, and the plastic film is about to be broken to expose the seedlings; the hole is sealed: according to the soil moisture under the film, the seedling hole is timely sealed, and the field soil is used to seal the plastic film. Breach; Ding seedlings and replenishing seedlings: After the emergence of sweet sorghum, it is necessary to timely seedlings, Ding seedlings, remove weak ones and keep strong ones; Seedlings in the 3-4 leaf stage, Ding seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage, and check the seedlings in time to replenish the seedlings; When replenishing the seedlings, move the seedlings with soil Plant it to the place where the seedlings are missing, and add water and topdressing.

The number of parts by weight of the described actinomycetes of the seed coating agent is 0.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Bacillus subtilis is 2.0-2.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Azospirillum is 0.2, and the number of parts by weight of the described jelly-like spores The parts by weight of bacillus are 0.2, the parts by weight of said fulvic acid are 2, the parts by weight of said spice powder are 1, the parts by weight of said indole acetic acid are 0.1 and the parts by weight of said trace elements are 1- 5. The parts by weight of the α-naphthalene sodium acetate growth regulator is 0.1-0.2, the parts by weight of the EDTA-2Na chelating agent is 0.2-0.3, the parts by weight of the humic acid are 25-40, The parts by weight of the peat are 25-40.

The fungicide is 15wt% triadimefon wettable powder, based on the mass of active ingredients of the fungicide, the seeds are dressed in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.3‰ of the amount of sweet sorghum seeds; the insecticide is 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate , Dressing seeds according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.3% of the seed quantity.

The topdressing is to apply seedling fertilizer for the first time when the leaves are 5-6, apply 7.5-10 kg of urea per mu, apply furrows in the middle of the furrow, and then cover the soil. When the leaves are 8-9, carry out The second topdressing is to apply stalk fertilizer. This time, the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 25% of the total amount of fertilizer applied. 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu. At the same time, carry out fertilization for the third time, i.e. attack ear fertilizer, this time the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 35% of the total fertilization amount, apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and add 10 kg of potassium chloride, combined with the application of large soil, 9 leaves and 15 leaves, respectively, for a root topdressing, mu with 50 grams of rare earth or 800-1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray.

Example 2

Select Liaotian No. 1, flood the saline-alkali land once in mid-March, with an irrigation rate of 100m ³ per mu, and let it dry for 1 to 1.5 months. When the surface is dry enough to enter, apply 55kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and then rotary tillage 1-2 times to mix soil and fertilizer, rake pressure to preserve moisture, and make the ground level;

Seed treatment: sweet sorghum is treated with a seed coating agent before sowing. The composition of the seed coating agent includes: actinomycin, Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum, fulvic acid, spice powder, indole acetic acid, trace elements, α— Sodium naphthalene acetate growth regulator, EDTA—2Na chelating agent, humic acid, peat, fungicides, and insecticides for mixed seed dressing treatment. When seed dressing, first mix in the insecticide, and then mix in after 3-6 hours of stuffiness Fungicide, sow seeds immediately after seed dressing treatment;

Sowing: According to the moisture situation after flood irrigation, choose to sow in early or mid-May; the sowing rate is 1.0-2.0kg/mu; planting in furrows, the width of the furrow is 120-140 cm, the height of the furrow is about 20 cm, planting in wide and narrow rows, wide rows The row spacing is 100-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, the hole spacing is 35-40 cm, and there are 3 plants in each hole. Sow the treated seeds in double seeds in the ditch, and cover the soil while sowing. The soil is 1 inch and solid, with 5,700-6,700 seedlings per mu; the sowing method of ditching, sowing, soil covering, and suppression is adopted at one time; after sowing, it is covered with plastic film, which is 80-100 cm wide and 0.008-0.01 cm thick Transparent plastic film, one film covers two rows;

Field management at the seedling stage: Seedling release: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, the seedlings are released, and the plastic film is about to be broken to expose the seedlings; the hole is sealed: according to the soil moisture under the film, the seedling hole is timely sealed, and the field soil is used to seal the plastic film. Breach; Ding seedlings and replenishing seedlings: After the emergence of sweet sorghum, it is necessary to timely seedlings, Ding seedlings, remove weak ones and keep strong ones; Seedlings in the 3-4 leaf stage, Ding seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage, and check the seedlings in time to replenish the seedlings; When replenishing the seedlings, move the seedlings with soil Plant it to the place where the seedlings are missing, and add water and topdressing.

The number of parts by weight of the described actinomycetes of the seed coating agent is 0.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Bacillus subtilis is 2.0-2.2, the number of parts by weight of the described Azospirillum is 0.2, and the number of parts by weight of the described jelly-like spores The parts by weight of bacillus are 0.2, the parts by weight of said fulvic acid are 2, the parts by weight of said spice powder are 1, the parts by weight of said indole acetic acid are 0.1 and the parts by weight of said trace elements are 1- 5. The parts by weight of the α-naphthalene sodium acetate growth regulator is 0.1-0.2, the parts by weight of the EDTA-2Na chelating agent is 0.2-0.3, the parts by weight of the humic acid are 25-40, The parts by weight of the peat are 25-40.

The fungicide is 15wt% triadimefon wettable powder, based on the mass of active ingredients of the fungicide, the seeds are dressed in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.3‰ of the amount of sweet sorghum seeds; the insecticide is 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate , Dressing seeds according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.3% of the seed quantity.

The topdressing is to apply seedling fertilizer for the first time when the leaves are 5-6, apply 7.5-10 kg of urea per mu, apply furrows in the middle of the furrow, and then cover the soil. When the leaves are 8-9, carry out The second topdressing is to apply stalk fertilizer. This time, the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 25% of the total amount of fertilizer applied. 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu. At the same time, carry out fertilization for the third time, i.e. attack ear fertilizer, this time the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 35% of the total fertilization amount, apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and add 10 kg of potassium chloride, combined with the application of large soil, 9 leaves and 15 leaves, respectively, for a root topdressing, mu with 50 grams of rare earth or 800-1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray.

Claims (4)

1. improve a cultivation method for saline land sugar grass output, comprise the following steps:

(1) wholely

For mid-March, 1 time, broad irrigation saline land, every mu of irrigation volume 60-100m ³, airing makes ground surface drying to when can enter for 1 ~ 1.5 month, and farmyard manure 1000kg-1500kg or composite fertilizer 50-55kg is used on every mu of ground, and then rotary tillage 1-2 time, makes clay fertilizer mix, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure, Land leveling;

(2) seed treatment

Before sugar grass sowing, use seed coat agent process, its composition of seed coat agent comprises: actinomycin, bacillus subtilis, azospirillum, fulvic acid, carry powder, heteroauxin, trace element, α-Nafusaku growth regulator, EDTA-2Na chelating agent, humic acid, the peat composed of rotten mosses, when bactericide, insecticide carry out the seed dressing of mixing Dressing, first admix insecticide, admix bactericide again after piling vexed 3-6 hour, Dressing is complete to be sowed immediately;

(3) sow

According to soil moisture content situation after flood irrigation, select upper, sowing in the middle ten days in May; Seeding quantity is 1.0-2.0kg/ mu; Play furrow plantation, furrow are wide 120-140 centimetres, furrow height about 20 cm, wide-narrow row planting, wide every trade is apart from 100 ~ 150 centimetres, narrow row line-spacing is 40 ~ 50 centimetres, and cave distance is 35 ~ 40 centimetres, every cave 3 strain, processed good seed often being put two grain is sowed in ditch, broadcast while blinding, blinding 1 cun is also steady and sure, and mu stays seedling 5700 ~ 6700 strain; Adopt the disposable seeding method completing trench digging, sowing, earthing, suppression operation; Broadcast rear employing mulch film to cover, mulch film is the transparent mulch film of width 80 ~ 100cm, thickness 0.008 ~ 0.01cm, a membrane cover duplicate rows;

(4) field management in seedling stage

Put seedling: start to put seedling when seedling grows to 2-3 leaf, needle by mulch film and expose seedling; Sealing of hole: put seedling hole according to the in good time shutoff of soil moisture content under film, needles mouth with field soil shutoff mulch film; Final singling is filled the gaps with seedlings: after sugar grass emerges want timely thinning, final singling, go weak stay strong; Seedling during 3-4 leaf, the phase final singling of 5-6 leaf, and look into seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings; When filling the gaps with seedlings by seedling balled transplanting to the place that is short of seedling, teeming water topdresses.

2. the cultivation method of raising saline land according to claim 1 sugar grass output, it is characterized in that: the described actinomycetes parts by weight 0.2 of described seed coat agent, the parts by weight 2.0-2.2 of described bacillus subtilis, the parts by weight 0.2 of described azospirillum, the parts by weight 0.2 of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, the parts by weight 2 of described fulvic acid, the parts by weight 1 of described carry powder, the parts by weight totally 1-5 of trace element described in the parts by weight 0.1 of described heteroauxin, the parts by weight 0.1-0.2 of described α-Nafusaku growth regulator, the parts by weight 0.2-0.3 of described EDTA-2Na chelating agent, the parts by weight 25-40 of described humic acid, the parts by weight 25-40 of the described peat composed of rotten mosses.

3. a kind of cultivation method improving saline land sugar grass output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bactericide is 15wt% trazodone wettable powder, in the active ingredient quality of bactericide, dress seed by 0.2-0.3 ‰ mass ratio of sweet sorghum seed amount; Described insecticide is 75% thimet missible oil, dresses seed by the 0.2-0.3% mass ratio of grain weight.

4. a kind of cultivation method improving saline land sugar grass output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in topdress as when 5-6 leaves, first time imposes seed manure, execute 7.5-10 kilograms, urea for every mu, trench digging row replacement in the middle of furrow, then blinding, when 8-9 leaves, carry out second time to topdress, namely execute and attack stalk fertilizer, current fertilizer amount accounts for about 25% of total fertilizing amount, every mu of sealing fertilizer 10 kilograms adds 7.5 kilograms, potassium chloride, fertilization mode is row replacement, when 14-15 leaves, carry out third time fertilising, namely execute and attack ear manuer, current fertilizer amount accounts for about 35% of total fertilizing amount, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20 kilograms adds 10 kilograms, potassium chloride, use in conjunction with large ridging, a top dressing is carried out respectively when 9 leaves and 15 leaves, mu sprays with 50 grams of rare earths or 800-1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates.