CN103798088B - The preparation of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology and method of raising seedling - Google Patents

The preparation of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology and method of raising seedling Download PDF

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CN103798088B
CN103798088B CN201410053799.0A CN201410053799A CN103798088B CN 103798088 B CN103798088 B CN 103798088B CN 201410053799 A CN201410053799 A CN 201410053799A CN 103798088 B CN103798088 B CN 103798088B
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natural pond
seedling
straw
rice
soil
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CN103798088A (en
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刘春盛
胡润
凌新军
钱海志
毕春发
纪根学
康启忠
章登亚
刘道贵
叶北朝
陶长征
林峰
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CHIZHOU CITY GUICHI DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION CENTER
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the preparation of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology and method of raising seedling, comprise the following steps: matrix composition, medium in tray, seeding and seedling raising, temperature control in seedling stage, water management, fertilizer and pest management. The present invention utilize agricultural production exists substantial amounts of Brassica campestris L, Semen Maydis, the crop material such as Oryza sativa L., mix retting by loam fertile and a small amount of with natural pond after mechanical activation comminution, make that nutrition is complete, lightweight, the Novel rice machinery seedling raising ground substance of resistance to transport. It is effectively utilized crop material and natural pond is fertile, decrease rural environmental pollution; Cultivate high-quality rice shoot simultaneously.

Description

The preparation of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology and method of raising seedling
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture technology, particularly relate to preparation and the method for raising seedling of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology.
Background technology
Machine-transplanted rice seedling raising mode is mainly mechanization seedling streamline seedling-cultivation plate. This seedling raising method need to take earth fertile in a large number as Nutrition Soil, causes soil layer fertile in a large number and vegetation to be seriously damaged, and high-quality farmland is ruined, and excellent mountain garden destroys; Many grain functional areas and service cooperation for agricultural machinery are desirable without high-quality soil, affect agricultural sustainable development. Herbicide residue in dry crop easily makes rice shoot teratogenesis, lethal; Rice shoot root system is few, Seedling is weak, own wt weight to utilize the rice shoot that Nutrition Soil is bred as to have, and transports the features such as fugitive. It addition, the soilless substrate price in existing market is higher and unstable properties.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is in that to provide preparation and the method for raising seedling of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology, effectively utilize agricultural production exists substantial amounts of Brassica campestris L, Semen Maydis, Oryza sativa L., the crop straw such as Cotton Gossypii, retting is mixed by the loam fertile and a small amount of with natural pond, make that nutrition is complete, lightweight, the Novel rice machinery seedling raising ground substance of resistance to transport, cultivate high-quality rice shoot simultaneously.
The present invention is to solve that its technical problem be the technical scheme is that
The preparation method of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology, comprises the following steps:
(1) taking quality proportioning is that the crop straw of 0.5��1.3:0.5��1.5:0.8��2.2, natural pond be fertile, loam does raw material;
(2) with conventional stalk crusher, crop straw is pulverized, by the crop straw after pulverizing with natural pond is fertile, loam is sufficiently mixed uniformly, dry and wet with hands pinch agglomerating, land and namely dissipate for principle;
(3) pile retting on, cover with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet and prevent rainwater, can not cover tightly, it is prevented that airtight, be advisable with straw overstrike, obtain straw natural pond soil.
Described crop straw is one or more in Brassica campestris L, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis, Cotton Gossypii, Semen sojae atricolor.
Described natural pond fertilizer is biogas slurry and/or biogas residue.
Described loam is slight viscosity loam.
The method of raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology prepared by said method, comprises the following steps:
(1) medium in tray: being loaded as substrate by the straw natural pond prepared soil, on paddy machinery sowing streamline, seedling dish is carried out sabot, regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: the amount of broadcasting routine seed is 120-130 gram/dish, hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, and lid seed can use the straw natural pond soil of 5mm to cover; After planting on seedling dish, heap Polypropylence Sheet thing covers and prevents water evaporates, waits in dish and swings to nursery in booth after the existing pin of rice shoot more than 80%;
(3) temperature in seedling stage controls: early-rice seedlings a leaf wholeheartedly before be maintained at 25-28 DEG C in booth, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilation when 1.5 leaves to 2.5 leaf, temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, can take to take off daytime the mode of lid at night when rice shoot is more than 2.5 leaves, temperature controls at about 20 DEG C, progressively adapts to the environment of outside;
(4) water management: seedling dish after planting upper heap covering in time to prevent moisture from evaporate, run into have that seedling dish does can moisturizing in time, seedling dish emerge after balance time, bed Tu Shui to irrigate, and seedling dish wants compacting to prevent moisture from evaporating;
(5) fertilizer and pest management: ordinary circumstance need not be applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, as handled accordingly by practical situation at that time when need to prevent and treat.
For middle late rice in step (3), booth should open round the clock and periphery to ventilate, and with good conditionsi during late rice can suitably increase sunshade net.
Principle of watering in step (4) rests in seedling dish non-whitening, and Seedling point hai roll at dusk is sprayed water once when not recovering, and watering time is to be advisable after at 4 in afternoon.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, solve the problem that large area fetches earth, make mu soil amount be dropped to less than 20 kilograms by original 90 kilograms, effectively alleviate the problem that soil is not enough.
2, problem of environmental pollution is solved, the straw stalks such as the Caulis et Folium Oryzae after results, the rice husk after processing, Brassica campestris L, Cotton Gossypii, Semen Maydis are arbitrarily deposited in rand, road limit or on-site incineration, have a strong impact on surrounding and air quality, even have influence on the flying object of the sky in rape harvest season. And biogas slurry is trickled completely everywhere due to pond, severe contamination village surrounding enviroment.
3, matrix nutrition deficiency and disease pest problem are solved, matrix nutrition composition in the market is not enough and uses chemical fertilizer or growth regulator, make the growth of body Seedling too fast or excessively slow, and the dispensing used in this substrate is mainly natural pond fertilizer, crop straw and a small amount of soil, wherein natural pond fertilizer does not contain only nitrogen, phosphorus, the big element of potassium three, possibly together with trace element such as copper, ferrum, manganese, zinc, provide required nutritional labeling for plant growing. In addition, possibly together with each amino acid, vitamin, protein, gibberellins, auxin, saccharide, nucleic acid, antibiotic etc. in biogas slurry, wherein having many biological active substanceies, crop growthing development is had regulating and controlling effect, crop pest is had preventive and therapeutic effect by them.
4, the problem that rice seedling root of hair is few, Seedling is weak and root system dish knot power is weak is solved, this substrate air permeable effect is good, it is beneficial to the growth of rice root, Oryza sativa L. broadcasts latter 1-2 days, seedling dish has been covered with the aerial root of Oryza sativa L., seminal root root length is secondary root root length, many, increase rice root dish knot power, be beneficial to Oryza sativa L. transport and the machine transplanting of rice.According to surveying and determination, hundred strains fresh weights on the ground and dry weight weigh 1.3 grams and 0.6 gram respectively than Nutrition Soil, and underground fresh weight and dry weight weigh 2.3 and 0.4 grams respectively than Nutrition Soil, rice shoot performance root is many, root length and Seedling strong.
5, light weight, easily carries, the seedling that this substrate is bred as, and often dish weight is 2-2.5 kilogram, and general adult can remove 20 dishes every time, and the seedling dish that Nutrition Soil is bred as heavily is 4-4.5 kilogram, and general adult removes at most 10 dishes every time, transports work half fewer than Nutrition Soil. And the seedling dish knot power that this substrate is bred as cans be compared to the good of Nutrition Soil, the not fugitive resistance to long-distance transportation of dish.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand, by the examples below, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment: the preparation of a kind of straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology and method of raising seedling, comprises the following steps:
1, after Brassica campestris L, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis, Cotton Gossypii, Soybean and Other Crops straw stalk are pulverized by matrix composition with conventional stalk crusher, by the biogas slurry of 1000 kilograms of crop straws additions 1200 kilograms and/or biogas residue and 2000 kilograms of loam, it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, dry and wet with hands pinch agglomerating, land and namely dissipate for principle, pile retting on then, cover with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet and prevent rainwater, can not cover tightly, prevent airtight, be advisable with straw overstrike, obtain straw natural pond soil.
2, seedling dish will be carried out sabot on the substrate prepared loading paddy machinery sowing streamline by medium in tray, and regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable.
3, the seeding and seedling raising amount of broadcasting routine seed is 120-130 gram/dish, and hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, and lid seed can cover by the substrate of 5mm. After planting on seedling dish, heap Polypropylence Sheet thing covers and prevents water evaporates, waits in dish and swings to nursery in booth after the existing pin of rice shoot more than 80%.
4, temperature in seedling stage control early-rice seedlings a leaf wholeheartedly before be maintained at 25-28 DEG C in booth, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilation when 1.5 leaves to 2.5 leaf, temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, can take to take off daytime the mode of lid at night when rice shoot is more than 2.5 leaves, temperature controls at about 20 DEG C, progressively adapts to the environment of outside. Middle late rice due to during seedling temperature higher, booth should open round the clock and periphery to ventilate, and with good conditionsi during late rice can suitably increase sunshade net.
5, water management upper heap covering in time to prevent moisture from evaporating after broadcasting, run into have plate dry can moisturizing in time, seedling dish emerge after balance time, bed Tu Shui to irrigate, dish wants compacting to prevent moisture from evaporating, principle of watering rests in seedling dish non-whitening, and Seedling point hai roll at dusk is sprayed water once when not recovering, and watering time is to be advisable after at 4 in afternoon.
6, fertilizer and pest management ordinary circumstance need not be applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, as please handled accordingly by practical situation at that time when need to prevent and treat.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is analyzed:
1, the analysis of seedling quality is native compared with Nutrition Soil with 20 day length of time rice seedlings grow straw natural pond of double; two japonica rice in evening, straw natural pond soil plant height is 18.7cm, than compareing short 1.8cm, leaf age ratio compares many 0.2 leaves, and cauloid width ratio compares many 0.1cm, radical is than many 2.7 of comparison, root length is than compareing short 0.3cm, and hundred strains fresh weight and dry weight ratio on the ground compare and weigh 1.3 grams and 0.6 gram respectively, and underground fresh weight and dry weight ratio compare and weigh 1.2 and 0.2 grams respectively, straw natural pond soil is almost without sickness rate, and comparison sickness rate is 21.3%. The soil rice shoot general performance of straw natural pond is leaf color strong, the advantage such as root is many, packing power is strong delicate and pretty, tall and straight, short.
2, after the seedling growing that land for growing field crops performance and Analysis of Yield straw natural pond soil are bred as, period of seedling establishment is shorter 3-4 days than Nutrition Soil, and without losing Seedling phenomenon, tiller occurs Zao faster than Nutrition Soil. Species test performance harvest time: soil effectively fringe in straw natural pond is average many 1.2 ten thousand/667m than Nutrition Soil2, every total grain panicle number on average many 12.4, setting percentage on average improves 3.7%, average increase yield 23.5kg/667m2��
3, performance analysis
(1) economic benefit straw natural pond soil is owing to using the garbage straw stalk of crops, biogas slurry and a small amount of soil, production cost is mainly manually, compared with Nutrition Soil recruitment, average mu cost saves 7.5 yuan than Nutrition Soil, yield mu increases by 23.5 kilograms, mu increases income 65.8 yuan (Oryza glutinosa price is 2.8 yuan/kg), and average mu potentiation is 73.3 yuan.
(2) social benefit straw natural pond soil matrix matter uses the straw of crop, biogas slurry and a small amount of soil, can effectively reduce the destruction to arable land soil layer, reduce crop material arbitrarily to stack and cause the hidden danger of fire, the sustainable development of agricultural is of great significance.
(3) primary raw material of ecological benefits straw natural pond soil matrix matter is crop material and biogas slurry, popularization and application by new substrate, the Heavy environmental pollution that the crop straw after results can be reduced arbitrarily to be deposited in rand, road limit or on-site incineration and bring, biogas slurry in man of peasant household is collected and reduces and leak, reduce the propagation of pathogenic bacteria, make significant contribution to building fine rural area.
The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; described in above-described embodiment and description is that principles of the invention is described; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements both fall within the claimed scope of the invention. Claimed scope is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method for the straw natural pond soil of rice planting technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) taking quality proportioning is that the crop straw of 0.5��1.3:0.5��1.5:0.8��2.2, natural pond be fertile, loam does raw material;
(2) with conventional stalk crusher, crop straw is pulverized, by the crop straw after pulverizing with natural pond is fertile, loam is sufficiently mixed uniformly, dry and wet with hands pinch agglomerating, land and namely dissipate for principle;
(3) pile retting on, cover with woven bag or Polypropylence Sheet and prevent rainwater, can not cover tightly, it is prevented that airtight, be as the criterion with straw overstrike, obtain straw natural pond soil.
2. the preparation method that a kind of straw natural pond for rice planting technology is native as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described crop straw is one or more in Brassica campestris L, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis, Cotton Gossypii, Semen sojae atricolor.
3. the preparation method that a kind of straw natural pond for rice planting technology is native as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described natural pond fertilizer is biogas slurry and/or biogas residue.
4. the preparation method that a kind of straw natural pond for rice planting technology is native as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described loam is slight viscosity loam.
5. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology prepared by method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) medium in tray: being loaded as substrate by the straw natural pond prepared soil, on paddy machinery sowing streamline, seedling dish is carried out sabot, regulating every disc thickness is 25mm, waters permeable;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: the amount of broadcasting routine seed is 120-130 gram/dish, hybrid seed is 50-60 gram/dish, and the straw natural pond soil of lid seed 5mm covers;After planting seedling dish is piled, cover with Polypropylence Sheet and prevent water evaporates, wait in dish and swing to nursery in booth after the existing pin of rice shoot more than 80%;
(3) temperature in seedling stage controls: early-rice seedlings a leaf wholeheartedly before be maintained at 25-28 DEG C in booth, rice shoot keeps suitably ventilation when 1.5 leaves to 2.5 leaf, temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, take to take off daytime the mode of lid at night when rice shoot is more than 2.5 leaves, temperature controls at about 20 DEG C, progressively adapts to the environment of outside;
(4) water management: seedling dish after planting upper heap covering in time to prevent moisture from evaporate, runs into the timely moisturizing having seedling dish to do, seedling dish emerge after balance time, bed Tu Shui to irrigate, and seedling dish wants compacting to prevent moisture from evaporating;
(5) fertilizer and pest management: ordinary circumstance need not be applied fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, as handled accordingly by practical situation at that time when need to prevent and treat.
6. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: for middle late rice in step (3), booth should open round the clock and periphery to ventilate, suitable increase sunshade net with good conditionsi during late rice.
7. the method for raising seedling of the straw natural pond soil for rice planting technology as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: principle of watering in step (4) rests in seedling dish non-whitening, Seedling point when hai roll does not recover at dusk water spray once, watering time should in the afternoon after 4.
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CN104350990B (en) * 2014-11-21 2017-02-08 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 Organic matrix seedling raising method for mechanically-planted paddy formula
CN104686042A (en) * 2015-03-31 2015-06-10 浙江农林大学 Paddy field fertilizing method based on biogas slurry water fertilizer
CN105330409A (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-02-17 周美文 Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting
CN107836337A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-27 中国水稻研究所 A kind of method of raising seedling of machine-transplanted rice light soil-less matrix
CN108901795A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-30 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 A kind of dry rice seedling method adapting to large-scale production
CN109328986A (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-02-15 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 A method of organic culture substrate is prepared with sawdust-rice husk-straw decomposing fermentation
CN113632700B (en) * 2021-08-16 2022-09-06 东北农业大学 Soilless rice seedling raising method utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues

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