CN109349050A - A kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349050A CN109349050A CN201811383678.7A CN201811383678A CN109349050A CN 109349050 A CN109349050 A CN 109349050A CN 201811383678 A CN201811383678 A CN 201811383678A CN 109349050 A CN109349050 A CN 109349050A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tobacco plants technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank.The cultural method is the following steps are included: (1) is planting the soil green manuring of tobacco in early October late September-in Henan area Yellow River basin, and carries out tobacco seed sowing;(2) next year late March-early April, green manure biomass are 4000kg/ mus or more, apply microorganism charcoal base manure, while applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, then apply stalk fermentation object, spray middle medicine composite preparation after cigarette strain topping.The cultural method of prevention and treatment tobacco black shank of the present invention, tobacco-growing soil physicochemical property can effectively be improved, improve SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN ratio, increase soil microbial activities, and it is able to suppress or reduces bacterium or fungal disease generation, with easy to operate, reduction chemical pesticide, the economical effect well easily promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco plants technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank.
Background technique
Comprehensive measurement of the soil quality as Soil Fertility Quality, environmental quality and health quality, is that soil maintains production
Power, depollution of environment ability and the concentrated reflection for ensureing animals and plants Health Ability.Since the 1970s, chemical fertilizer is applied in China
Dosage increases year by year, at the same time, the decline of some Farmland soil organic matter contents, soil acidification and the problems such as soil hardening
It highlights, soil quality decline, activity, which reduce, and carbon nitrogen is unbalance has become the important limit for influencing China's economic crops growing and quality
Sexual factor processed.Currently, soil amelioration techniques and ecological ideas Control Technology have become the hot spot and focus of agriculture field research
One of.
Green manuring and charcoal returning to the field are soil improvement important technology approach, and green manure crop is to provide the crop source of manure and training
The crop of fertile soil.Green manure crop directly ploughs under its green cauline leaf cutting in soil after growth during certain, can be with
Manpower is saved, freight is reduced, it can also the application of retting clay fertilizer.Green manure nutrient and a large amount of organic matters containing there are many, can improve soil
Earth structure promotes soil-ripening, enhances soil fertility.Charcoal reduces the soil weight, and porosity improves, and then influences soil water retention
Ability improves soil moisture content and rainwater infiltration capacity, especially contains in raising soil for the available moisture that crop is absorbed and utilized
Amount, charcoal have splendid effect than aspect in adjusting SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN.Charcoal can promote the cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
(CEC) increase.After charcoal is manured into soil, be conducive to promote soil physico-chemical characteristic and biological activity.
Tobacco black shank (P.nicotianae var.nicotianae Waterhouse) is a kind of widely distributed, harm
Serious worldwide Main Tobacco Diseases.Bred de Haan is found in Indonesian Java for the first time within 1896, hereafter should
Disease runs rampant rapidly, and China's tobacco black shank is distributed widely in China and respectively produces cigarette district, and the germ of the disease is Oomycete fungal.Root
Show that balck shank has become according to the investigation of national tobacco infectious disease and seriously affects the important of cigarette strain growth and development and yield and quality
Disease.Currently, the prevention and treatment about balck shank mainly uses chemicals method, poor effect.Therefore, soil improvement and green are anti-
Control collaboration prevention and treatment is to solve the key technology approach of tobacco black shank harm.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of tobacco cultivation methods, can prevent and treat tobacco black shank.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank, comprising the following steps:
(1) the soil green manuring of tobacco is being planted in early October late September-in Henan area Yellow River basin, and is carrying out tobacco
Seed sowing, specific fertilization time can be during the September 25-10 month 5;The tobacco bred is K326, cloud and mist 87, middle cigarette
100 etc.;
(2) next year late March-early April is turned over, and specific March next year time, 25 days-April 10, it is whole to turn over rear rotary tillage
Flat, green manure biomass applies microorganism charcoal base manure at 4000kg/ mus or more, while applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ridging, then applies stalk
Fermentation material sprays middle medicine composite preparation after cigarette strain topping;
The raw material of the microorganism charcoal base manure includes the substance of following mass percent: biomass carbon 30-35%, Trichoderma viride 1-
3%, bacillus subtilis 1-2%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.1-0.4%, sesame cake fertilizer 45-50%, humic acid 12-15% and mineral
Fertile 8-8.5%, the element that mineral fertilizer contains include magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum;
The middle medicine composite preparation includes the substance of following mass percent: matrine 0.8-1.2%, sanguinarine 1-2%, Cortex walnut
Flavones 0.5-1.2%, amino-oligosaccharide 0.5-1.5%, organosilicon 0.08-0.12%, polyoxyethylene ether 0.1-0.3%, copper sulphate
0.5-1.5% and nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.2-0.8%, surplus is water.
Specifically, the kind of green manure raw material is one or more of rye grass, villose vetch and Chinese milk vetch.
Further, tobacco seed sowing step is in step (1), by the stand-by soil put in order with line-spacing 20-30cm,
The application rate that 5-6cm, 1.5-2.5kg/ mu of sown scope is sowed, and earthing 0.8-1.2cm is after planting sprinkled profoundly water.
Specifically, the release amount of microorganism charcoal base manure is 80-100kg/ mus in step (2);Nitrogen phosphorus in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
The Application Ratio of potassium is 1:(2-3): (4-5);The stalk is corn stover, mustard stalk, wheat stalk or rice straw, straw
The release amount of stalk fermentation material is 5-10kg/ mu, by itself and soil according to 1:(10-12 when the application of stalk fermentation object) ratio (matter
Amount ratio) it is uniformly mixed;Middle medicine composite preparation sprays 2-3 times.
Specifically, the raw material of microorganism charcoal base manure material includes the substance of following mass percent: biomass carbon 30%, green
Trichoderma 2%, bacillus subtilis 1.5%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.2%, sesame cake fertilizer 45%, humic acid 15% and mineral fertilizer 8.3%.
Further, the raw material Green trichoderma living bacteria count of microorganism charcoal base manure material is 2 × 108A/g or more is withered
Careless bacillus living bacteria count is 2 × 108A/g or more, Phanerochaete chrysosporium living bacteria count are 2 × 108A/g or more.
Specifically, the preparation process of the stalk fermentation object is, stalk spontaneous fermentation 60-70 days has after fermenting-ripening
Machine matter content 45-50%.
Specifically, the middle medicine composite preparation sprayed in step (2) includes the substance of following mass percent: matrine
1%, sanguinarine 1.5%, Cortex walnut flavones 0.8%, amino-oligosaccharide 1%, organosilicon 0.1%, polyoxyethylene ether 0.2%, copper sulphate 1%
With nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.5%, surplus is water.
Specifically, middle medicine composite preparation mixes middle medicine composite preparation component when spraying, with water constant volume in step (2)
To 100ml, 1000 times of dilution is spare, sprays 2-3 times after cigarette strain topping, during which interval 10-12 days.
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of tobacco cultivation methods for preventing and treating tobacco black shank, have
Below the utility model has the advantages that
(1) cultural method of prevention and treatment tobacco black shank of the present invention, can effectively improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical property, improve soil
Carbon-nitrogen ratio increases soil microbial activities, and is able to suppress or reduces bacterium or fungal disease generation.
(2) cultural method of prevention and treatment tobacco black shank of the present invention, can enrich Soil Mineral Nutrition, enhance cigarette strain pair
The ability that mineral nutrition equilibrium absorbs promotes tobacco growing development, enhances in cigarette strain blade face and nutrition resistance, with spray on plants source
The generation of medicine preparation collaboration prevention and treatment balck shank and the incidence of other soil-borne diseases.
(3) it is of the present invention prevention and treatment tobacco black shank cultural method, have it is easy to operate, reduce chemical pesticide, have
The effect that good economy performance is easily promoted.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, unless otherwise indicated, the examination that the present invention uses
Agent, material are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank, the tobacco bred are K326, comprising the following steps: in Henan area Huang
River valley started the soil green manuring in plantation tobacco in September 27th, and the green manure raw material variety is rye grass, using drilling set
Kind mode carries out tobacco seed sowing, line-spacing 25cm, and sown scope 5cm is interplanted according to 2.5kg/ mus of application rate, earthing 1cm,
After planting sprinkle profoundly water;April 6 next year is turned over, and 5306kg/ mus of green manure biomass, turns over rear rotary tillage leveling, Shi Weisheng
100kg/ mus of object charcoal base manure, to fertilize, according to the fertilization principle fertilising ridging of 3kg/ mus of nitrogen, N P and K 1:2:4, by natural hair
Ferment 60 days 8kg/ mus of mustard stalks (content of organic matter 50% after fermenting-ripening), with soil according to the ratio of 1:10 be uniformly mixed into
It applies in row cave;Specifically, the raw material of microorganism charcoal base manure material includes the substance of following mass percent: biomass carbon 30%, green wood
Mould 2%, bacillus subtilis 1.5%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.2%, sesame cake fertilizer 45%, humic acid 15% and mineral fertilizer 8.3%, mine
The element that object fertilizer contains includes magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, wherein the raw material Green trichoderma of microorganism charcoal base manure material
Living bacteria count is 2 × 108A/g, bacillus subtilis living bacteria count are 2 × 108A/g, Phanerochaete chrysosporium are effectively living
Bacterium number is 2 × 108A/g;
After cigarette strain topping, middle medicine composite preparation each component is mixed, 100ml is settled to water, dilutes 1000 times of spare carry out leaves
Face sprays, and sprays again once after spraying 2 times, 10 days after cigarette strain topping, the middle medicine composite preparation sprayed includes following quality percentage
Several substance: matrine 1%, sanguinarine 1.5%, Cortex walnut flavones 0.8%, amino-oligosaccharide 1%, organosilicon 0.1%, polyoxyethylene
Ether 0.2%, copper sulphate 1% and nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.5%, surplus is water.
In morbidity peak period (mid-June, the 70th day after tobacco seedlings transplanting), according to GB/T 23222-2008 " tobacco pest and disease damage point
Grade and investigation method " investigation cigarette strain balck shank incidence, calculate the control efficiency of disease incidence.
5 point samplings are taken, it is respectively T1, T2, T3 that individually investigate 3 plants at every;Control group is done simultaneously, is not made in control group
With green manure, applied microorganism charcoal base manure material does not include Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while not applying mustard stalk hair
Ferment object, other conditions are same as Example 1, equally take 5 point samplings, every individually 3 plants of investigation be respectively CK1, CK2,
CK3, while the state of an illness of embodiment 1 Yu control group balck shank is recorded, as shown in table 1.
1 embodiment 1 of table is administered balck shank disease incidence and control.
The method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 can effectively inhibit the disease incidence of tobacco black shank as can be seen from Table 1, simultaneously
With easy to operate, reduction chemical pesticide, the economical effect well easily promoted.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank, the tobacco bred are cloud and mist 87, comprising the following steps: in Henan area
Yellow River basin started the soil green manuring in plantation tobacco in September 25th, and the green manure raw material variety is rye grass and hair leaf sweet potato
Son carries out tobacco seed sowing using drilling interplanting mode, and line-spacing 25cm, sown scope 6cm are carried out according to 2.5kg/ mus of application rates
Sowing, earthing 0.8cm are after planting sprinkled profoundly water;April 10 next year is turned over, and 5897kg/ mus of green manure biomass, is turned over
Rotary tillage flattens afterwards, applies 100kg/ mus of microorganism charcoal base manure, and to fertilize, the fertilising according to 2.5kg/ mus of nitrogen, N P and K 1:3:4 is former
Then apply fertilizer ridging, by 10kg/ mus of spontaneous fermentation 70 days mustard stalks (content of organic matter 45% after fermenting-ripening), with soil according to
The ratio of 1:12 is uniformly mixed progress cave and applies, specifically, the raw material of microorganism charcoal base manure material includes the object of following mass percent
Matter: biomass carbon 35%, Trichoderma viride 3%, bacillus subtilis 2%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.4%, sesame cake fertilizer 40%, humic
Acid 12% and mineral fertilizer 7.6%, the element that mineral fertilizer contains include magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, wherein microorganism charcoal base
The raw material Green trichoderma living bacteria count of fertilizer is 2.5 × 108A/g, bacillus subtilis living bacteria count are 2 × 108A/
G, Phanerochaete chrysosporium living bacteria count are 3 × 108A/g;
After cigarette strain topping, middle medicine composite preparation component is mixed, 100ml is settled to water, dilutes 1000 times of spare carry out blade faces
It sprays, is sprayed again once after spraying 3 times, 12 days after cigarette strain topping, the middle medicine composite preparation sprayed includes following mass percent
Substance: matrine 1.2%, sanguinarine 1%, Cortex walnut flavones 1%, amino-oligosaccharide 1.5%, organosilicon 0.1%, polyoxyethylene ether
0.3%, copper sulphate 1.5% and nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.8%, surplus is water.
In morbidity peak period (mid-June, the 70th day after tobacco seedlings transplanting), according to GB/T 23222-2008 " tobacco pest and disease damage point
Grade and investigation method " investigation cigarette strain balck shank incidence, calculate the control efficiency of disease incidence.
5 point samplings are taken, it is respectively T4, T5, T6 that individually investigate 3 plants at every;Control group is done simultaneously, is not made in control group
With green manure, applied microorganism charcoal base manure material does not include Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while not applying mustard stalk hair
Ferment object, other conditions are same as Example 2, equally take 5 point samplings, every individually 3 plants of investigation be respectively CK4, CK5,
CK6, while the state of an illness of embodiment 2 Yu control group balck shank is recorded, as shown in table 2.
2 embodiment 2 of table is administered balck shank disease incidence and control.
The method of the embodiment of the present invention 2 can substantially reduce tobacco black shank compared with the control group as can be seen from Table 2
Disease incidence.
Above-described embodiment be embodiment of the present invention for example, embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other any without departing from made changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications under spirit of the invention and principle,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the soil green manuring of tobacco is being planted in early October late September-in Henan area Yellow River basin, and is carrying out tobacco
Seed sowing;
(2) next year late March-early April, green manure biomass are 4000kg/ mus or more, apply microorganism charcoal base manure, while applying nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, then stalk fermentation object is applied, middle medicine composite preparation is sprayed after cigarette strain topping;
The raw material of the microorganism charcoal base manure includes the substance of following mass percent: biomass carbon 30-35%, Trichoderma viride 1-
3%, bacillus subtilis 1-2%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.1-0.4%, sesame cake fertilizer 45-50%, humic acid 12-15% and mineral
Fertile 8-8.5%;
The middle medicine composite preparation includes the substance of following mass percent: matrine 0.8-1.2%, sanguinarine 1-2%, Cortex walnut
Flavones 0.5-1.2%, amino-oligosaccharide 0.5-1.5%, organosilicon 0.08-0.12%, polyoxyethylene ether 0.1-0.3%, copper sulphate
0.5-1.5% and nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.2-0.8%, surplus is water.
2. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the kind of green manure raw material is rye grass, hair in step (1)
One or more of leaf sweet potato and Chinese milk vetch.
3. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that tobacco seed sowing step is that will arrange in step (1)
Good stand-by soil is with line-spacing 20-30cm, and sown scope 5-6cm, 1.5-2.5kg/ mu of application rate is sowed, earthing 0.8-
1.2cm is after planting sprinkled profoundly water.
4. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the release amount of microorganism charcoal base manure is 80- in step (2)
100kg/ mus;The Application Ratio of N P and K is 1:(2-3 in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer): (4-5);The stalk is corn stover, mustard
Last stalk, wheat stalk or rice straw, the release amount of stalk fermentation object is 5-10kg/ mus, by it when stalk fermentation object applies
With soil according to 1:(10-12) ratio be uniformly mixed.
5. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw material of microorganism charcoal base manure material includes following quality hundred
The substance of score: biomass carbon 30%, Trichoderma viride 2%, bacillus subtilis 1.5%, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0.2%, sesame-send cake
Fertilizer 45%, humic acid 15% and mineral fertilizer 8.3%.
6. cultural method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the raw material Green trichoderma of microorganism charcoal base manure material is effective
Viable count is 2 × 108A/g or more, bacillus subtilis living bacteria count are 2 × 108A/g or more, Phanerochaete chrysosporium have
Imitating viable count is 2 × 108A/g or more.
7. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation process of stalk fermentation object described in step (2)
For, by stalk spontaneous fermentation 60-70 days, content of organic matter 45-50% after fermenting-ripening.
8. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the middle medicine composite preparation sprayed in step (2) includes
The substance of following mass percent: matrine 1%, sanguinarine 1.5%, Cortex walnut flavones 0.8%, amino-oligosaccharide 1%, organosilicon
0.1%, polyoxyethylene ether 0.2%, copper sulphate 1% and nano biological matter charcoal pulvis 0.5%, surplus is water.
9. cultural method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (2), middle medicine composite preparation when spraying will in
The mixing of medicine composite preparation component is settled to 100ml with water, and 1000 times of dilution is spare, sprays 2-3 times after cigarette strain topping, during which between
Every 10-12 days.
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CN111387209A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-07-10 | 湖北大学 | Composite antagonistic bacterium agent for preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and application thereof |
CN111387209B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-06-25 | 湖北大学 | Composite antagonistic bacterium agent for preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and application thereof |
CN113317157A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-08-31 | 河南宝融生物科技有限公司 | Preparation for preventing and treating tobacco black shank and continuous cropping tobacco planting method capable of preventing tobacco black shank |
CN114568446A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-03 | 河南农业大学 | Application of molybdenum in resisting phytophthora nicotianae |
CN115088571A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-23 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing incidence rate of tobacco black shank |
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