CN115088571A - Tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing incidence rate of tobacco black shank - Google Patents
Tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing incidence rate of tobacco black shank Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence of tobacco black shank, and relates to the technical field of tobacco planting; the method adopts a tobacco and buckwheat crop rotation and intercropping method, the tobacco and buckwheat are planted according to a specific proportion in the first year, and the buckwheat is planted for the second time after harvesting in the current year; the tobacco and buckwheat are planted after the buckwheat is harvested in the second year and the proportion is opposite to that of intercropping in the first year. By adopting the method for intercropping and crop rotation of tobacco and buckwheat which is cyclically and repeatedly adopted, the quantity of phytophthora parasitica in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco in the soil is effectively reduced, the diversity and the richness of the bacterial community of the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants are obviously improved, the proportion of biocontrol bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco is obviously increased, and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank.
Background
Tobacco Black Shank (TBS) caused by Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae (Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae) infection is a soil-borne disease having destructive influence on Tobacco, can damage almost all types of Tobacco, seriously influences the quality and yield of the Tobacco, and causes huge economic loss to the Tobacco industry. Research has shown that phytophthora nicotianae (p. parasitic var. nicotianae) is a soil-borne pathogen that is difficult to control, and can survive for many years in soil without host plants, and even the most resistant variety is infected by the pathogen, so it is difficult to control by breeding for disease resistance. The application of chemical pesticide for preventing and treating tobacco black shank can lead pathogenic bacteria to generate drug resistance, and the chemical agent can kill various beneficial microorganisms while killing the pathogenic bacteria, thereby destroying the micro-ecological structure of soil. The continuous tobacco planting system can also reduce the physical and chemical properties of the soil for many years, so that the number of beneficial microorganism types in the soil is reduced, and the number of pathogenic bacteria is increased.
The intercropping rotation is an important agronomic measure in a farming system, can improve the soil fertility and the stability of aggregates, regulate and control the microbial community structure of soil, inhibit the growth of rhizosphere pathogenic bacteria and slow down the infection of the pathogenic bacteria to host plants. At present, a plurality of reports for preventing and controlling tobacco soil-borne diseases and improving soil microbial communities through crop rotation exist. For example, the role of marigold-tobacco rotation in regulating the structure of a bacterial community in tobacco-planting soil (liyan et al, 2021) discloses that rotation of marigold and tobacco can improve the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community in the soil at the rhizosphere of tobacco plants, improve the relative abundance of Acidobacterium (Acidobacterium) and Bacteroides (Bacteroides) in the soil, increase the proportion of various beneficial bacteria, and be beneficial to solving the continuous cropping obstacle of tobacco. For example, preliminary examination on the prevention and treatment effect and mechanism of action of garlic and flue-cured tobacco on tobacco black shank (Ge Jie Smart et al, 2016) discloses that garlic and flue-cured tobacco are processed in a rotation mode, and antibacterial substances such as benzothiazole, diallyl disulfide and allyl methyl disulfide secreted by the root system of garlic can effectively inhibit the growth of tobacco black shank hyphae, thereby reducing the occurrence and harm of tobacco black shank. However, the ideal effect of the crop rotation is not obtained in all crops, for example, the influence of the rotation of radix scrophulariae and tobacco on the nutrient, enzyme activity and microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil (Wuxiaoli et al, 2022) discloses that the rotation of tobacco and radix scrophulariae does not significantly improve the microbial community structure of soil, and has adverse effects on the enzyme activity and pH of soil.
In addition, some research results have been made on intercropping crop rotation between buckwheat and other plants. For example, in the influence of different crop rotation modes on moisture soil aggregates and organic carbon distribution thereof (Van Qian Yu et al, 2021), crop rotation according to rape-buckwheat, corn-buckwheat, potato-buckwheat and oat-buckwheat is disclosed, and it is found that the 4 crop rotation modes improve the quantity and stability of soil large aggregates, increase the carbon sequestration capacity of soil, and especially the crop rotation of rape-buckwheat is more beneficial to soil carbon sequestration. The influence of potato intercropping cultivation on the structure and function of a soil microbial community (Liu Yajun et al, 2018) discloses that after potato-buckwheat intercropping, the biomass of soil bacteria and actinomycetes are improved, and the ratio of gram positive bacteria to gram negative bacteria is increased; the abundance index of the soil microbial community decreased by 13.7%, but the uniformity and dominance indexes increased by 8.8% and 3.4%, respectively. The influence of the intercropping of potatoes, broad beans and buckwheat on soil (Liu Yajun, et al, 2018) discloses that the intercropping of potatoes and buckwheat can obviously improve the contents of quick-acting phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matters in soil, increase the proportion of rhizosphere soil bacteria, reduce the proportion of actinomycetes and obviously reduce the quantity of the actinomycetes by 36.5 percent compared with the single cropping. Therefore, the intercropping crop rotation of the buckwheat and some plants can effectively prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests and regulate the soil micro-ecological environment. However, the above studies only disclose the mechanism of influence of crop and buckwheat crop rotation/intercropping cultivation on soil microenvironment and microorganisms through phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) measurement, and do not relate to the research on how to reduce tobacco black shank by adopting a rotation intercropping mode.
The black shank is a fungal disease, and the pathogenic bacteria have great difference from other plant diseases in aspects of form, infection, transmission and the like. Regarding the prevention and treatment of the tobacco black shank, the Chinese patent application CN109302921A discloses that the occurrence of the tobacco black shank is greatly reduced by adding self-made biological bacterial manure through an integration technology, deep irrigation is carried out in winter, and the root irrigation is carried out by using biological bactericide in the early stage or the initial stage of the tobacco black shank, so that the pathogenic bacteria of a tobacco field can be effectively reduced, and the continuous cropping tobacco field black shank is lightened year by year. Chinese patent application CN109863953A discloses that the black shank of tobacco is controlled by utilizing the intercropping of lemongrass and flue-cured tobacco, the lemongrass seeds and plant ash are fully and uniformly mixed by a small amount of human and animal dung, then sowed, the seeds are sowed in holes, and soil is covered; transplanting tobacco seedlings in the same year for 5 months, and intercropping the tobacco seedlings and citronella grass seedlings; the organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer is applied in the full-bloom stage, so that the incidence rate and disease index of the black shank of the flue-cured tobacco are obviously reduced. However, the above patent applications are all to intercropping tobacco and crops such as gramineae to prevent and control the tobacco black shank, and how to crop rotation and intercropping the tobacco and buckwheat is not studied to realize the prevention and control of the tobacco black shank.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank, which adopts a high-throughput sequencing method to research the intercropping crop rotation effect of buckwheat-tobacco, not only relates to the regulation and control research of soil microbial community structure, but also focuses on the prevention and control of tobacco black shank, finally screens out buckwheat suitable for intercropping and crop rotation with tobacco, evaluates the prevention and control effect of the intercropping crop rotation of buckwheat on the occurrence of tobacco black shank, detects the dynamic reduction of the number of black shank bacteria in soil after the intercropping crop rotation, and effectively reduces the incidence rate of the tobacco black shank in dry land fields. Specifically, this is achieved by the following technique.
A tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank comprises the following specific steps:
s1, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are carried out on the tobacco field in advance in the first year; transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a fixed distance (generally 50-55 cm); planting buckwheat among tobacco seedling lines;
s2, cleaning the tobacco field and deeply ploughing after the tobacco and buckwheat are harvested in the first year; performing land preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging again, and planting buckwheat for the second time;
s3, after buckwheat is harvested for the second time in the second year, land preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are continuously carried out; planting buckwheat and tobacco seedlings at a fixed distance; thus, the tobacco-buckwheat intercropping and crop rotation planting are repeated.
Preferably, the field layout ratio of the tobacco seedlings to the buckwheat in the step S1 is 6:2, and the field layout ratio of the buckwheat to the tobacco seedlings in the step S3 is 6: 2.
Preferably, in step S1, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are carried out 20-25 days before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the month 4 of the first year, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted according to the distance of 55-60 cm.
Preferably, the tobacco and buckwheat harvest is completed in 9 months of the first year in step S2.
Preferably, the seeding amount of the buckwheat is 8-10 kg/mu.
Preferably, the buckwheat is buckwheat 92-1.
The invention provides a crop rotation intercropping mode of tobacco and buckwheat, which specifically comprises the following steps: performing tobacco-buckwheat intercropping in 4 months in the first year, and planting buckwheat separately after harvesting tobacco and buckwheat at the bottom of 9 months; planting tobacco and buckwheat again after the buckwheat is harvested in 4 months in the next year, wherein the field layout proportion of the tobacco and the buckwheat is just opposite to that of the buckwheat in the last year; and (4) after the tobacco and the buckwheat are harvested at the end of 9 months, planting the buckwheat separately again. And so on in subsequent years.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the intercropping crop rotation method of tobacco and buckwheat provided by the invention is suitable for tobacco planting in dry land; the disease indexes of the tobacco black shank of the tobacco seedlings planted by the method at 45d, 60d and 75d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted are respectively reduced by 35.59%, 36.22% and 46.53%; through fluorescent quantitative PCR detection, the quantity of phytophthora parasitica in the tobacco rhizosphere soil is reduced by 41.21%, 85.19% and 94.76% respectively.
2. By adopting the planting method, the diversity and abundance indexes of tobacco plant rhizosphere soil bacterial communities Sobs, Shannon, Chao1 and the like are obviously improved;
the proportion of the bacterial genera such as tobacco rhizosphere soil biocontrol bacteria (Bacillus) and functional bacteria (Candidatus Solibacter, Bradyrhizobium soyae) and degrading bacteria (Sphingomonas, Ramlibacter) is remarkably increased, and the proportion of the bacterial genera such as tobacco rhizosphere soil pathogenic bacteria (Lauer Ralstonia, Burkholderia Burkholderia) is remarkably decreased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of field distribution for tobacco and buckwheat intercropping according to an example;
FIG. 2 is a standard curve of primers in test example 2;
FIG. 3 is a RT-qPCR amplification curve of tobacco phytophthora parasitica DNA in soil at different days after the next year of tobacco transplantation; in the figure, a is 45 d; b is 60 d; c is 75 d;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the control effect of tobacco-buckwheat intercropping crop rotation on tobacco black shank 60d after tobacco transplantation;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the control effect of tobacco-buckwheat intercropping crop rotation on tobacco black shank 75 days after tobacco transplantation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The experiments conducted in the following examples and comparative examples were conducted in the year 2020-2021 in the province of Hubei province in the town of the Pepper Garden in Xuan En county, Yunnan cigarette 87 was used as the test variety, and buckwheat 92-1 was used as the buckwheat. The test fields are divided into 20 districts, and each test field is 0.5 mu, and the test fields are respectively used for the tests of each embodiment or comparative example. Refer to "flue-cured tobacco high-yield and high-quality cultivation technique" (Lixue plum, Liyuxiang, 2019). Buckwheat is planted and field management is performed according to "buckwheat planting requirements and high-yield planting technology" (high red, liuyuhong, 2018).
Examples
The tobacco and buckwheat intercropping crop rotation planting method implemented by the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
s1, removing tobacco stems in the field 20 days before transplanting tobacco seedlings in the first 4 months,Digging 1.2m high furrows with row spacing of 1.1-1.2m and depth of 8-10cm according to the technical requirements of tobacco production, preparing soil, and applying base fertilizer (each 667 m) 2 Applying 50kg of biological organic fertilizer (Hebei Devo multi-fertilizer Co., Ltd.), 10kg of compound fertilizer (Hebei Devo multi-fertilizer Co., Ltd.), 10kg of potassium sulfate, 15kg of potassium nitrate, 2kg of biological potassium fertilizer and 1kg of zinc sulfate to the tobacco field, and ridging; transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a fixed planting distance of about 55-60 cm; planting buckwheat among the tobacco seedling rows, wherein the field layout ratio of the tobacco seedlings to the buckwheat is 6: 2;
s2, after the tobacco and buckwheat are harvested in the first year, cleaning tobacco stems, buckwheat piles and weeds in the field, and deeply ploughing; performing soil preparation, applying base fertilizer (the same as the base fertilizer used for tobacco planting), ridging and planting buckwheat for the second time according to the method of the step S1; the seeding quantity of the buckwheat is 10 kg/mu;
s3, after the buckwheat is harvested for the second time in the second year, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are continued according to the method of the step S1; planting buckwheat and tobacco seedlings, wherein the field layout proportion of the buckwheat and the tobacco seedlings is 2: 6; thus, the tobacco-buckwheat intercropping and crop rotation planting are repeated.
Comparative example
The tobacco planting method in the comparative example adopts a tobacco single cropping method, and the continuous planting (continuous cropping) is carried out for two years, and the method comprises the following specific steps: (1) in the first 4 months, 20 days before transplanting tobacco seedlings, removing tobacco stems, buckwheat piles and weeds in the field, making high ridges with the width of 1.2m, the row spacing of 1.1-1.2m and the depth of 8-10cm for soil preparation; transplanting tobacco seedlings according to the plant spacing of 55-60cm, and harvesting tobacco leaves at the bottom of 9 months in the same management method as that of the embodiment 1; (2) and (4) circularly planting tobacco in the second year in 4 months.
Test example 1: test of field control condition of tobacco black shank
After the tobacco transplantation in the second year (namely 4 months in the second year) of the above examples and comparative examples is completed, the incidence of tobacco black shank in the field is investigated at 45d, 60d and 75d by using a spot method.
The disease condition of the tobacco black shank is classified according to the national standard GB/T23222 of the people's republic of China 2008 tobacco pest classification and investigation method, and the disease condition index is calculated according to a formula. The calculation results are shown in table 1 below.
The disease index ∑ (number of diseased plants at each stage × the disease grade value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest grade value) × 100.
TABLE 1 tobacco Black shank disease index
The field test results show that the control effect of the tobacco-buckwheat-tobacco intercropping crop rotation on the tobacco black shank is shown in table 1, the disease index of the tobacco black shank is obviously reduced by the tobacco-buckwheat-tobacco intercropping crop rotation, and the disease indexes are respectively reduced by 35.59%, 36.22% and 46.53% when the tobacco is transplanted for 45d, 60d and 75 d.
Test example 2: test for reducing quantity of phytophthora parasitica in tobacco rhizosphere soil
Designing a specific Primer according to the parA1 gene of the tobacco phytophthora parasitica in the NCBI database and by using Primer-BLAST in the NCBI:
Tb166F：5’-CCACGGCAAAACCTACA-3’；
tb 166R: 5'-CGGAAGTTCATTTCGGAT-3', manufactured by Beijing Liu He Hua Dagen science and technology Co., Ltd; the method is used for the conventional and real-time quantitative PCR detection of the phytophthora parasitica DNA.
The conventional PCR system is: 2 XTaq Master Mix 12.5. mu.L, DNA template 1. mu.L, forward and reverse primers 1. mu.L each, add ddH 2 O to 25. mu.L were mixed well.
The PCR reaction program is: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 2 min; denaturation at 95 ℃ for 30 s; annealing at 55 ℃ for 30 s; extension at 72 ℃ for 60 s; 35 cycles; finally, the extension is carried out for 8min at 72 ℃, and the product is stored at 16 ℃.
After the reaction, the PCR product was detected and recovered by 1% agarose gel (OMEGA, USA), the recovered product was cloned to pMD18-T vector (TaKaRa, Japan) and transformed into E.coli DH5 alpha (Shanghai Weidi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and after blue-white screening, plasmid DNA (OMEGA, USA) was extracted and sent to Beijing Liuhe Huada Gene technology Co., Ltd for nucleic acid sequencing.
Reference to earthMethod for calculating plasmid DNA initial concentration of 3.46 x 10 by using fluorescence quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) rapid detection of rhizoctonia solani AG3 sclerotium (Shenyong et al, 2017) 10 copies/. mu.L, were stored at-20 ℃ until use. 10-fold serial dilution, taking plasmid standard products with 9 concentration gradients, repeating the conventional PCR and the fluorescent quantitative PCR amplification for 5 times of each gradient, and detecting the sensitivity of the primer Tb166F/Tb166R through gel electrophoresis imaging and an amplification curve.
Culturing and collecting tobacco black shank fungus spores, and respectively diluting to 1 × 10 by 10 times 1 、1×10 2 、1×10 3 、1×10 4 、1×10 5 、1×10 6 、1×10 7 、1×10 8 Adding 5mL of spore solution with each concentration into sterilized tobacco field soil with 5g, mixing, standing for 1h, and simulating bacteria-carrying environment to make the concentration of phytophthora parasitica spore in soil 1 × 10 1 -1×10 8 Per g). Extracting total DNA of soil microorganism from 0.2g of the mixed soil, detecting by agarose gel electrophoresis, detecting total concentration and purity of soil DNA with ultramicro spectrophotometer, storing at-20 deg.C, and performing fluorescence quantitative PCR detection with the obtained sample as template to obtain standard curve, as shown in FIG. 2.
Collecting tobacco rhizosphere soil samples 45d, 60d and 75d after the tobacco is transplanted in the second year, respectively, extracting total DNA of the tobacco rhizosphere soil by adopting a DNA kit (OMEGA company in America), and detecting by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Detecting the concentration and purity of the total DNA of the soil by an ultramicro spectrophotometer, and storing at-20 ℃ for later use. And performing conventional PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR amplification to obtain Ct values of different rhizosphere soil samples, and calculating the number of phytophthora parasitica in the soil according to a standard curve as shown in figures 2 and 3, as shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 tobacco rhizosphere soil black shank bacteria quantity monitoring
The results show that the pathogenic bacteria spore concentration in the tobacco transplanting 45d, 60d and 75d intercropping crop rotation fields is obviously lower than that in the continuous cropping field, and is respectively reduced by 41.21%, 85.19% and 94.76%.
Test example 3: tobacco-buckwheat wheel improving effect on tobacco rhizosphere micro-ecological environment
At 75d after the tobacco transplantation in the second year after completion of the above examples and comparative examples, 0.5g of tobacco rhizosphere soil sample of each test field was collected, and total DNA in the soil was extracted using DNeasy ProwerSoil Pro Kit.
Using this as a template, with bacterial primers:
338F：5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’；
806R：5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’；
and a fungal primer:
ITS1F：5’-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3’；
ITS2R：5’-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3’；
PCR amplification was performed. Data analysis was performed on the American Gilg Biocloud platform (https:// cloud. majorbio. com). Sobs, Chao1, Shannon, Coverage index, etc., in Alpha diversity were calculated using the mothur software.
In the microbial Alpha diversity index, the Sobs index, Shannon index and Chao1 index respectively represent the abundance, diversity and abundance of microbial OTU. At 75d after the second year of tobacco transplantation, the Alpha indexes of rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 analysis of the diversity of the bacterial communities of the tobacco rhizosphere soil
Therefore, the Sobs index, the Shannon index and the Chao1 index of the tobacco rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungal community under the tobacco-buckwheat-tobacco planting mode are all obviously higher than those of the continuous cropping field, the three indexes of the bacterial community are respectively increased by 23.70%, 6.38% and 24.32%, and the three indexes of the fungal community are respectively increased by 24.51%, 16.57% and 41.17%.
The present experimental example performed significant differential analysis on soil bacteria and fungi with relative abundance higher than 1%, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5, and the relative abundance of basidiomycetes (norank _ o __ gaiella), Sphingomonas (Sphingomonas), Gemmatimonas (Gemmatimonas), soja (Bradyrhizobium), geobacter (Terrabacter), Blastococcus (blatosoccus), candida _ Solibacter, ramlilacter, Bacillus (Bacillus) in the tobacco rhizosphere soil was significantly increased by using the tobacco-buckwheat-tobacco planting pattern of the present invention; significantly reduces the relative abundance of the bacteria genus Rhodanobacter (rhodobacter), Microbacterium (Microbacterium), chitin phagocytosis (norank _ f __ Chitinophagaceae), Burkholderia (Burkholderia), lakel (Ralstonia), Rhodococcus (Rhodococcus).
By adopting the tobacco-buckwheat-tobacco planting mode, the relative abundance of the aschersonia (Didymella), the regular mildew (codinaa), unclassified _ c __ Sordariomycetes, the helminthosporium (Trichocaladium), pseudoaleuria and the Cladosporium (Cladosporium) is obviously increased; the relative abundance of Mortierella (Mortierella), Neochrysis (Neoossospora), Setophoma and Chitosa (Haematonnectria) is significantly reduced.
TABLE 4 relative abundance of tobacco rhizosphere soil bacteria
TABLE 5 tobacco rhizosphere soil fungus relative abundance
The practice of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing detailed description, but the invention is not limited to the specific details of the foregoing embodiment. Within the scope of the claims and the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple modifications and changes can be made to the technical solution of the invention, and these simple modifications are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are carried out on the tobacco field in advance in the first year; transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a fixed distance; planting buckwheat among the tobacco seedling rows;
s2, cleaning the tobacco field and deeply ploughing after the tobacco and buckwheat are harvested in the first year; performing land preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging again, and planting buckwheat for the second time;
s3, after buckwheat is harvested for the second time in the second year, land preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are continuously carried out; planting buckwheat and tobacco seedlings at a fixed distance; thus, the tobacco-buckwheat intercropping and crop rotation planting are repeated.
2. The tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank according to claim 1, wherein the field layout ratio of tobacco seedlings to buckwheat in step S1 is 6:2, and the field layout ratio of buckwheat to tobacco seedlings in step S3 is 6: 2.
3. The tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and ridging are carried out 20-25 days before the tobacco seedling is transplanted in the first 4 months of the year, and the tobacco seedling is transplanted according to 55-60 cm.
4. The tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting of tobacco and buckwheat is completed in 9 months in the first year in step S2.
5. The tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the seeding rate of the buckwheat is 8 to 10 kg/mu.
6. The tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco black shank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the buckwheat is buckwheat 92-1.
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