CN109863953A - Utilize the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Utilize the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN109863953A CN109863953A CN201811606171.3A CN201811606171A CN109863953A CN 109863953 A CN109863953 A CN 109863953A CN 201811606171 A CN201811606171 A CN 201811606171A CN 109863953 A CN109863953 A CN 109863953A
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Abstract
It the invention belongs to cultural control-ecological regulation and control measure technical field, discloses a kind of using the method made between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco to control tobacco black shank, selects well-drained hillside fields；It sows, seed is multicast in cave, earthing after lemongrass grass seed and plant ash are mixed well with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung；May in the same year transplants tobacco seedlings, with lemon-grass seedling intercropping plant；For application of organic fertilizers as base manure, peak period of blooming imposes liquid fertilizer.Intercropping mode of the invention significantly improves vega soil content of microorganisms, improves and plants smoke hallway environment；Flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence and disease index decline；50% or more Pesticide use amount is reduced, the safety and quality of tobacco leaf are improved；Increase the economic benefit of high-quality flue-cured tobacco Yu green flavor lemon-grass simultaneously.The present invention can be improved the resource utilizations such as farmland light, heat, fertilizer, and integrated control pest and disease damage is the important technique measure for promoting higher yield of crops.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultural control-ecological regulation and control measure technical fields, are cultural control-ecological regulation and control measures one
Kind more particularly to a kind of method for utilizing work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco.
Background technique
Tobacco black shank is by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda [Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae (van)
Breda de Haan Tucker] caused by a kind of crushing silborne fungal diseases.In recent years since resistant variety is few, continuous cropping year
The factors such as limit extends, native transmissibility influence, which aggravates year by year, production go back in practice Chang Yugen black rot,
The mixing of the diseases such as bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease occurs, and increases identification and difficulty of prevention and cure, causes huge warp to leaf tobacco production
Ji loss, is only second to tobacco mosaic virus disease, becomes the important obstinate disease for planting cigarette district.Currently, generally using disease-resistant in production
The comprehensive preventive health measures such as kind, shift of crops, chemical prevention and biological control prevent and treat tobacco black shank, but disease-resistant variety is deposited
The problem of quantity is few, resistance is easily lost, there is pollution environment, poison the safeties drawbacks such as residual in chemical agent, and there is disease
The limitation of opportunistic pathogen drug resistance.With the increase for planting the cigarette district continuous cropping time limit, the large area unification plantation of kind and the length of pesticide
Phase largely uses the prevention and control to tobacco black shank to cause serious hindrance, causes balck shank prevention and treatment in actual production difficult.
It has a long history between crop, is the essence of the fine agronomy of Chinese tradition.Existing research shows that biology is more
The rational deployment of sample plays good control action for popular pest and disease damage, using the flue-cured tobacco disease pest of intercropping
Evil green prevention and control technology has become plant protection new concept, frontier.It can effectively improve crop groups structure by intercropping plant,
So that plant is made full use of the conditions such as light, water, heat, gas, fertilizer, improves crop biological yield or economic flow rate to reach, improves and make
The purpose of article matter.Meanwhile the reasonable application of these measures, crop groups can also be improved to the maximum extent to stress physiology
Resistance controls or mitigates the generation of certain pest and disease damages, achievees the effect that reduce applying pesticides, preserve the ecological environment.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
(1) generally using integrated controls such as disease-resistant variety, shift of crops, chemical prevention and biological controls in existing production
Measure prevents and treats tobacco black shank, but always exists many limitations on operating: there are quantity that few, resistance is easily lost for disease-resistant variety
The problem of, there is pollution environment, poison the safeties drawbacks such as residual in chemical agent, and there are the variation of pathogen and drug resistances.
(2) with the increase for planting the cigarette district continuous cropping time limit, the large area unification plantation of kind and the long-term of pesticide largely make
With, merely by traditional disease prevention and control measure can only be palliative, disease generation and yield of tobacco, in terms of
Receive comprehensive, three-dimensional influence.As the serious hindrance of tobacco black shank prevention and control, balck shank in actual production is caused to prevent and treat
It is more difficult.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem: the green prevention and control technology of crop disease and insect is integrated pest control in agriculture
It is new to embody.Kind, interplanting and miscegenation make cropping pattern to the ecological regulation and control of crop disease more between such as using.Before this in red Yun Honghe
The flue-cured tobacco and all kinds of perfume material cropping patterns carried out in group's stone forest impression cigarette village in terms of improving quality of tobacco and safety
Get certain effect.Can effectively improve crop groups structure by intercropping plant, make plant make full use of light, water, heat,
The conditions such as gas, fertilizer, to achieve the purpose that improve crop biological yield or economic flow rate, improve crop quality.Meanwhile these are arranged
The reasonable application applied can also improve crop groups to the resistance of stress physiology to the maximum extent, control or mitigate certain disease pests
Harmful generation achievees the effect that reduce applying pesticides, preserve the ecological environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, make the present invention provides a kind of using between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
The method for controlling tobacco black shank.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of utilize work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
Method, it is described to include: using the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
Select well-drained hillside fields；It is sowed after lemongrass grass seed and plant ash are mixed well with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung,
Seed is multicast in cave, earthing；May in the same year transplants tobacco seedlings, with lemon-grass seedling intercropping plant；Application of organic fertilizers is opened as base manure
Flower peak period imposes liquid fertilizer.
Further, specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: selecting well-drained hillside fields, opens the high ridge of 1.3m wide, opens cave, deeply 7 by line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm
~10cm carries out site preparation；
Step 2: it is broadcast after mixing well lemongrass grass seed and plant ash with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung Yu Dangnian March to April
Kind, application rate per acre, seed is multicast in cave, earthing for 15~22.5kg/；May in the same year transplants cured tobacco seedling, cured tobacco seedling and lemongrass
Careless seedling carries out intercropping plant according to the ratio of 3 ︰ 1；
Step 3: 800~1000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers are used as base manure；In peak period of blooming, can be applied every 7~10 days 1 time
Thin liquid fertilizer.
Step 4: lemon-grass cold-hartliness is weak, and it is cold-proof to carry out winter, carefully frostbite and low temperature.
Further, in step 1, the hillside fields that selection draining is good, soil layer is loose is planted, gramineae plant lemon-grass
Make between flue-cured tobacco, the seeding row spacing made is consistent with flue-cured tobacco, i.e. line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm.
Further, in step 2, intercropping plant, 12 row flue-cured tobaccos of every plantation, adjacent plantation 4 is held or participate in a prayer service at a temple cogongrass, i.e., according to 3 ︰'s 1
Quantity ratio is planted.
Further, in step 3, the active constituent content of base manure are as follows: N P and K (N+P+K): 5%, organic matter: 50%, it is rotten
Grow acid: 20%.
Further, in step 3, liquid fertilizer is the water-soluble liquid fertilizer of a great number of elements, active constituent content N+P+K=
45%；N:P:K=1:1:1.
Further, in step 4, winter cuts stubble to lemon-grass and stays stake, cold-proof processing.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The popularization and application of interplanting technique of the present invention can be improved the resource utilizations such as farmland light, heat, fertilizer, integrated control disease
Insect pest is to promote higher yield of crops, and farmland persistently increases production, and the important technology that agricultural production system green high-efficient, economy increase income is arranged
It applies.
The present invention is by the comparative analysis of lemon-grass-flue-cured tobacco intercropping plant and flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant, as the result is shown: making between 1.
Mode significantly improves vega soil content of microorganisms, improves and plants smoke hallway environment (table 1)；2. flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence
Decline with disease index, and difference reaches extremely significant level, effectively reduces the generation (table 2) of tobacco black shank；2. reducing agriculture
50% or more medicine usage amount improves the safety and quality (table 3, table 4) of tobacco leaf；3. increasing high-quality flue-cured tobacco simultaneously and green being fragrant
Expect the economic benefit (table 5) of lemon-grass.
1 tobacco maturity period of table soil microbe quantity investigation result
Note: numerical value is respectively the value after micro organism quantity Logarithm conversion in table；It is indicated in same column data (average value ± SE)
Different letters indicate that P < 0.05 is horizontal significant.
2 gramineae plant lemon-grass of table-flue-cured tobacco intercropping mode tobacco black shank disease incidence compares
The comparison of 3 intercropping mode tobacco chemistry conventional detection of table
The 4 residual testing result of intercropping mode tobacco agriculture (mg/kg) of table
5 intercropping mode flue-cured tobacco of table and lemongrass Herbage harvest, output value analysis
The present invention is shown compared with flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant by lemon-grass-flue-cured tobacco intercropping plant: 1. intercropping modes are significant
Vega soil content of microorganisms is improved, improves and plants smoke hallway environment；2. flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence and disease index are equal
Decline, and difference reaches extremely significant level, effectively reduces the generation of tobacco black shank；3. 50% or more Pesticide use amount is reduced,
Improve the safety and quality of tobacco leaf；4. increasing the economic benefit of high-quality flue-cured tobacco Yu green flavor lemon-grass simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention utilize between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco make control tobacco black shank
Method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is the gramineae plant lemon-grass of building of the embodiment of the present invention and the field patterns figure of flue-cured tobacco intercropping plant.
Specific embodiment
In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of utilization gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
Between make control tobacco black shank method, reduce the usage amount of pesticide, improve the safety and yield, quality of flue-cured tobacco.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing；
As shown in Figure 1, provided in an embodiment of the present invention black using control tobacco is made between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
The method of shin disease, specific steps are as follows:
S101: selecting well-drained hillside fields, opens the high ridge of 1.3m wide, opens cave by line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm, deep 7~
10cm carries out site preparation；
S102: Yu Dangnian March to April is sowed after mixing well lemongrass grass seed and plant ash with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung,
Application rate per acre, seed is multicast in cave, earthing for 15~22.5kg/；May in the same year presses transplanting flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco with lemon-grass
Intercropping plant is carried out according to the ratio of 3 ︰ 1；
S103: 800~1000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers are used as base manure；In peak period of blooming, can be applied every 7~10 days 1 time it is dilute
Thin liquid fertilizer.
S104: lemon-grass cold-hartliness is weak, and it is cold-proof to carry out winter, carefully frostbite and low temperature.
In step S101, the hillside fields that selection draining provided in an embodiment of the present invention is good, soil layer is loose is planted, grass
Make between section plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco, the seeding row spacing made is consistent with flue-cured tobacco, i.e. line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm.
In step S102, intercropping plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention, 12 row flue-cured tobaccos of every plantation, adjacent plantation 4 holds or participate in a prayer service at a temple thatch
Grass is planted according to the quantity ratio of 3 ︰ 1.
In step S103, the active constituent content of base manure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is N+P+K=5%, organic matter:
50%, humic acid: 20%.
In step S103, liquid fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is the water-soluble liquid fertilizer of a great number of elements, effective component
Content is N+P+K=45%；N:P:K=1:1:1.
In step S104, winter of the embodiment of the present invention cuts stubble to lemon-grass and stays stake, cold-proof processing.
Application principle of the invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below；
Embodiment 1,
1) building of intercropping mode: using natural perfume source plant-grass family lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco-kind Hongda tobacco group
Close building interplanting mode, every 12 moisture in the soil of plantation flue-cured tobacco, adjacent 4 moisture in the soil of plantation lemon-grass, adjacent every moisture in the soil line space 1.2m.Distance should
Net in flakes at 500 meters of crop community to make 100 mu of flue-cured tobaccos (Hongda tobacco) as control, every processing, which is set, to be repeated three times (see Fig. 2 institute
Show).
2) intercropping mode vega soil micro organism quantity is investigated: taking soil using 5 point samplings on the test plot chosen
Sample, media surface coating culture is added in dilution processed, and (for bacterium in 37 DEG C of constant incubator cultures, fungi and actinomyces are at 28 DEG C
Constant incubator culture).Bacteria Culture grows single colonie afterwards for 24 hours, and fungal culture 48h-72h grows single colonie.It is total to record bacterium colony
Number, and the clump count in every gram (or every ml) is calculated in primary sample, obtain experimental data.Detect used medium: 1. ox
Meat extract peptone culture medium (bacterium isolation medium), 2. (fungi is separately cultured potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium
Base), 3. Gause I culture medium (actinomyces isolation medium).
3) intercropping mode flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease survey: balck shank disease survey and Seriousness gradation standard are according to GB/T
The regulation of 23222-2008.Carry out system investigation: to picking time from group's phase, 5 points of samplings are fixed in field, and every is no less than
30 plants, calculate disease incidence and disease index.
4) intercropping mode cured tobacco leaf quality and output value analysis: after tobacco leaf harvest, conventional baking is carried out, to sample workization
Conventional detection, the residual detection of agriculture are learned, flue-cured tobacco and lemongrass Herbage harvest, the output value, analysis of making comparisons with contiguous plant flue-cured tobacco are calculated.
The result shows that:
1. intercropping mode significantly improves vega soil content of microorganisms, improves and plant smoke hallway environment；
2. flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence only has 6.2% under the conditions of mode plantation, substantially less than compareing 29.8% explanation should
Mode has good inhibiting effect to tobacco black shank.Flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence and disease index decline, and poor
It is different to reach extremely significant level, effectively reduce the generation of tobacco black shank；
3. reducing 50% or more Pesticide use amount, the safety and quality of tobacco leaf are improved；
4. increasing the economic benefit of high-quality flue-cured tobacco Yu green flavor lemon-grass simultaneously.
Concrete application principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
Construct " fragrant plant-flue-cured tobacco " miscegenation bio-diversity, it is therefore an objective to counteract each other, mutually make using between a variety of biologies
The relationship of weighing apparatus controls harmful organism, and the present invention utilizes the allelopathy of its armaticity volatile substance of gramineae plant lemon-grass,
I.e. plant itself can increase soil antagonistic microorganism by secreting out of small molecule allelopathic class compound in a certain range, effectively
Inhibit tobacco black shank bacterium spore germination and propagation, while increasing insect diversity (mainly natural enemy), subtracting Shi Nong to reach
Medicine, chemical fertilizer purpose promote quality of tobacco.Balck shank is that the Major Diseases in cured tobacco production do not have in bio-diversity system
Under conditions of carrying out chemical prevention and control, balck shank obtains effective prevention and control, it is meant that the two packing spaces sexual norm has control to balck shank
Effect processed.
According to analysis by lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco according to 4 moisture in the soil lemon-grasses of every plantation, adjacent 12 moisture in the soil of plantation flue-cured tobacco, adjacent every moisture in the soil row
The mode intercropping plant of spacing 1.2m can guarantee lemon-grass to the inhibitory effect of tobacco black shank to greatest extent.Therefore pass through by
It can reduce flue-cured tobacco balck shank disease incidence between lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco, reduce Pesticide use amount, promote flue-cured tobacco safety.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of utilize the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco, which is characterized in that described
Using between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco make control tobacco black shank method include:
Select well-drained hillside fields；It is sowed after lemongrass grass seed and plant ash are mixed well with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung, kind
Son is multicast in cave, earthing；May in the same year transplants tobacco seedlings, with lemon-grass seedling intercropping plant；Application of organic fertilizers is as base manure, Sheng of blooming
Phase imposes liquid fertilizer.
2. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
It is characterized in that, it is described to include: using the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco
Step 1: selecting well-drained hillside fields, opens the high ridge of 1.3m wide, opens cave by line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm, deep 7~
10cm carries out site preparation；
Step 2: it sows, broadcasts after mixing well lemongrass grass seed and plant ash with a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung Yu Dangnian March to April
Kind amount per acre, seed is multicast in cave, earthing for 15~22.5kg/；Transplant tobacco seedlings May in the same year, tobacco seedlings and lemon-grass seedling according to
The ratio of 3 ︰ 1 carries out intercropping plant；
Step 3: 800~1000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers are used as base manure；In peak period of blooming, can be imposed every 7~10 days 1 time it is dilute
Thin liquid fertilizer.
Step 4: lemon-grass cold-hartliness is weak, and it is cold-proof to carry out winter, carefully frostbite and low temperature.
3. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
Be characterized in that, in the step 1, the hillside fields that selection draining is good, soil layer is loose is planted, gramineae plant lemon-grass with
Make between flue-cured tobacco, the seeding row spacing made is consistent with flue-cured tobacco, i.e. line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 33cm.
4. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
It is characterized in that, in the step 2, intercropping plant, 12 row flue-cured tobaccos of every plantation, adjacent plantation 4 is held or participate in a prayer service at a temple cogongrass, i.e., according to the number of 3 ︰ 1
Amount ratio is planted.
5. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
It is characterized in that, in the step 3, organic fertilizer is as base manure, active constituent content: N P and K (N+P+K): 5%, organic matter:
50%, humic acid: 20%.
6. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
It is characterized in that, in the step 3, liquid fertilizer is the water-soluble liquid fertilizer of a great number of elements, active constituent content N+P+K=
45%；N:P:K=1:1:1.
7. the method as described in claim 1 using work control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco,
It is characterized in that, in the step 4, winter cuts stubble to lemon-grass and stays stake, cold-proof processing.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115088571A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-23 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco intercropping crop rotation planting method for reducing incidence rate of tobacco black shank |
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