CN101223852A - Planting method of fresh leonurus - Google Patents
Planting method of fresh leonurus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of fresh motherwort which comprises eight steps of seed selecting, seed processing, land selecting, land scraping, sowing, seed thinning, weeding, fertilizing and harvesting. By adopting modern agricultural techniques, the invention changes motherwort planting methods, improves wild motherwort species by adopting out-of-season cultivation, implements reasonable fertilization of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, cultivates high-class fresh motherwort which is characterized by non-pollution, low residue of agricultural chemical and heavy metal, high yield, high efficiency and high biological activity by perfect tending, ensures the stability and the consistency of fresh motherwort quality, and improves the production yield and the medicine quality of motherwort. The total content of alkaloid in the fresh motherwort which is planted by the planting method of the invention reaches 2 percent, which is much higher than the dry motherwort (with the content of 0.4 percent) in traditional marketing.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting of fresh leonurus, belong to the Chinese medicine cultivation technical field.
Background technology:
Siberian motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.) is the annual or biennial herb plant of Labiatae, be used as medicine with the acrial part of blooming traditionally, have menstruation regulating, promoting circulation of blood, the stasis of blood of stopping blooding, dispel, the water that disappears, unique effects such as antiabortive, always be considered as gynaecology's good medicine by the traditional Chinese medical science.The Main Ingredients and Appearance of siberian motherwort is leonurine and stachydrine, and its total alkaloid content is with the difference of the siberian motherwort season of growth, geography or ecotype, plant forms foundation and amblent air temperature of living in thereof etc., and content difference is very big.The total alkaloid content of pharmacopeia regulation medicine materical crude slice is controlled at more than 0.4%, because the place of production of commercially available siberian motherwort is different with the collecting season and the position of gathering, quality of medicinal material is difficult to control, directly has influence on the effect of siberian motherwort.And traditional vegetative period in siberian motherwort year, supply time was short, causes the raw material relative shortage in 3～July.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: the kind method for planting that a kind of fresh leonurus is provided.The present invention is by the off-season cultivation research of siberian motherwort, investigate the key influence factor of siberian motherwort high grade producing, formulated the plantation rules of standard, can guarantee fresh leonurus quality of stability and homogeneity, improve its total alkaloid content greatly, and prolonged the supply time of fresh leonurus.
The present invention is achieved in that the kind method for planting of fresh leonurus is: carry out according to following step: (1) seed selection: screen out foreign material, reject permanent disability and weed seed, choose and enrich full seed; (2) seed treatment: ted 1～2 day before the sowing, and admix ash, mix with night soil again and wet into the seed ash; (3) choosing ground, whole ground: the soil and the well-drained sand loam that select on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, are rich in humus, slant acidity; Remove weeds before the sowing, use phosphate fertilizer, turn over 30 centimetres as base manure, broken soil block, whole furrow are held the drain ditch successfully; (4) sowing: 1 year two season of sowing, on March, in the middle ten days or 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, mu is broadcast 0.6～1.4 kilogram in siberian motherwort seed, drilling, laterally open 3～5 centimetres of dark shallow ridges in the direction vertical with furrow, seed evenly is spread in the ditch along ditch, coated with thin soil, spreads fertilizer over the fields 100～150 kilograms of ash on furrow; (5) thinning: carry out the thinning first time during 0.8～1.2 centimetre of height of seedling, dredge and remove overstocked and small and weak seedling; Carry out the thinning second time during 4.5～5.5 centimetres of heights of seedling, dredge the seedling that goes overstocked, small and weak and ill worm; Carry out thinning for the third time, i.e. final singling during 9～11 centimetres of heights of seedling; (6) weeding: intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning first time for the first time, intertills 3～4 centimetres, and weeding is clean, and imposes seed manure; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning second time for the second time, intertills 5～6 centimetres, and weeding is clean; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with thinning for the third time for the third time, earths up simultaneously, intertills 5～6 centimetres, earths up 2～3 centimetres, and the Ex-all weeds also chase after fertilization of leaves; (7) fertilising: siberian motherwort grow tall to 33～37 centimetres, when blade covers whole field piece, spray content fertilizer; Gathered in preceding 33～37 days and 18～22 days, the little fertilizer of foliage-spray respectively once; (8) gather: sow between picking time being three first quarter moons, promptly mid or late July or late November, early December gather, and get the siberian motherwort acrial part with lancinating, removal of impurities, clean.
The consumption of ash is 25～50 kilograms/mu described in the step (2).
Base manure described in the step (3) is decomposed dung, and mu is executed 800～1200 kilograms.
Furrow described in the step (3) are high 20～25 centimetres, and are wide 120 centimetres.
The shallow ridges of being opened in the step (4) is wide 10～20 centimetres, and the line-spacing between ditch and the ditch is 25～30 centimetres.
Base manure described in the step (3) can 40～60 kilograms of replacements of mu sealing fertilizer in the shallow ridges of step (4).
Line-spacing in the step (5) during final singling is 20～30 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 8～12 centimetres.
Seed manure described in the step (6) is executed 9～11 kilograms in urea for mu, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes; Described leaf is fertile executes 4～5 kilograms in 5～7 kilograms in urea, 27～30 kilograms of superphosphate and potassium chloride for mu, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes, and divides and uses for 2～3 times.
Content described in the step (7) is fertile executes 3～5 kilograms in urea for mu, sprays after the water distribution dilution, be sprayed onto blade moistening have slightly drip.
Little fertilizer described in the step (7) is 0.1% manganese sulfate solution, and the amount of spraying is 81～85 milliliters/square metre at every turn.
For the disease that may occur in the siberian motherwort planting process, take following measure to prevent and treat respectively:
(1) siberian motherwort root rot control: when the rhizome place occurs slightly peeling scab, spray 800 times of liquid of 50% topsin, the control disease spreads; Adopt the methods of cultivation of rice field-upland field rotation; Go into clear garden before the winter, collect the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and destroy; Planting site turn over 30 centimetres dark, survive the winter, reach the effect of the insect that freezes to death.Enhance field management, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote plant strain growth; In time dig trenches to drain the water away, reduce field humidity, strengthen premunition.
(2) siberian motherwort controlling powdery mildew: when leaf two sides and stem's adularescent powdery spot, spray 800 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon; Carry out rice field-upland field rotation; Go into clear garden before the winter, collect the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and destroy; Planting site turn over 30 centimetres dark, survive the winter, reach the effect of the insect that freezes to death.
(3) control of aphids: aphid incubation period and aptery viviparous phase prevent and treat, per hectare is killed 150～225 milliliters of chrysanthemum ester emulsions with 20% and is added 450～750 kilograms of sprayings of water, or, pay attention to spraying vacuum side of blade with 2000～3000 times of liquid sprayings of 7051 desinsection elements (0.6% acetamiprid missible oil).Gather in the crops and stopped to spray medicine in preceding about 20 days.
Below be the investigative test research that the applicant carries out the key technology of siberian motherwort high grade producing:
One, field trial and interpretation of result
1, the phenophase is defined test
By different times sowing siberian motherwort, investigate of the influence of different phenophases, to define the suitable phenophase of siberian motherwort growth to siberian motherwort output and total alkaloid content.
2, defining of materials and methods phenophase: divide the I phase (sowing on September 7th, 97, December 14 results), II phase (sowing on November 7th, 97, May 23 next year results), III phase (sowing on January 7th, 98, August 7 results), IV phase (sowing on March 7th, 98, August 7 results), V phase (sowing on March 20th, 98, June 21 results), VI phase (sowing on May 7th, 98, August 7 results), VII phase (sowing on May 7th, 98, September 30 gathered in the crops) and the VIII phase (sowing on July 7th, 98, September 30 gathered in the crops).
3, strain test, sub-district area 2m are decided in employing
2, establish guard row on every side.Use sufficient base manure before broadcasting.Drilling, seeding quantity 5g/ sub-district.The seeding stage of siberian motherwort seed is determined by the temperature of there and then and soil water branch.Strengthen thinning (field management such as seeding row spacing 16 * 16cm), intertill and clean tillage and fertilising behind the seed sprouting.Gather new fresh leonurus that I～VIII phase gathers in the crops and oven dry product thereof for mensuration.
4, investigate index and investigate plant height, acrial part fresh weight, tiller number, the number of blade and total alkaloid content.
5, result and analysis
(1) sowing time is to the performance characteristic of siberian motherwort biological character influence
Table 1-1 sowing time is to the performance of siberian motherwort biological character influence
Annotate: three repetitions, 10 strains are on average planted.
Table 1-1 shows that Different Sowing Dates is to the difference that influences of siberian motherwort biological character.
(2) sowing time is to the influence of siberian motherwort plant type
Low temperature vernalization is most important to the influence of the growth in siberian motherwort next year and plant type form.Be in particular in the siberian motherwort that the II phase is sowed, next year, plant was tall and big, and tiller number is zero, and blade is less, bolting, and enter reproductive growth; And the I phase, the siberian motherwort that III～VIII phase is sowed, biological character generation distortion, plant type is downgraded, and tiller number and blade are many, and plant is failed bolting and normally blossom and bear fruit (showing 1-1).Above-mentioned sowing time is to the performance characteristic of siberian motherwort biological character influence, the theoretical foundation of siberian motherwort using fresh herb and off-season cultivation just.
Sowing time is to the influence of siberian motherwort seed sprouting:
The siberian motherwort that I phase and II phase are sowed can emerge then, and along with the postponement in sowing time, seeding stage and leaf period be phase delay also; The siberian motherwort that the III phase is sowed, in view of ground temperature at that time lower (＜10 ℃, just emerged to March 5, whether this stage carries out vernalization, depends on local temperature condition; The siberian motherwort of VI～VIII sowing, sowing is morning more, and the required time of emerging is longer, along with the delay in sowing time, corresponding shortening of seeding stage, but leaf period is not had much influences (table 1-1).The formation of above phenomenon with when ground temperature and soil moisture closely related.
(3) sowing time and harvest time defines influence to siberian motherwort acrial part fresh weight and specific yield
Table 1-2 has reflected siberian motherwort off-season cultivation selected suitable sowing time.Wherein, the spring sowing siberian motherwort (sowing on March 7) that the IV phase is sowed, August 7 gathered in the crops, and the fresh leonurus per mu yield is very low, only 213.1kg; And the spring sowing siberian motherwort that the V phase is sowed (sowing on March 20), June 21 gathered in the crops, the fresh leonurus per mu yield is up to 1042.3kg, illustrating that the safe summer more is very big to the influence of fresh leonurus specific yield, mainly is the siberian motherwort of sowing in spring, population density height in siberian motherwort group during summer, it is bad to dispel the heat, easily cause the fresh leonurus yellow leaf, go rotten and morbidity death, cause the underproduction.Therefore, the spring sowing siberian motherwort should be gathered in the crops before the summer more.The summer sowing siberian motherwort of VI～VIII sowing is gathered in the crops in August 7 and September 30 respectively, and per mu yield is up to 1118.9kg and 1077.8kg.The autumn sowing siberian motherwort that the I phase is sowed was gathered in the crops December 14 then, and per mu yield reaches 722.6kg.The winter sowing siberian motherwort that the II phase is sowed, gather in the crops May 23 next year, though the siberian motherwort per mu yield of bolting reaches 759.2kg, unsuitable using fresh herb; The winter sowing siberian motherwort that the III phase is sowed, August 7, results were got over the summer through high temperature, and the per mu yield of bright grass is 179.8kg only.
Table 1-2 sowing time and harvest time define influence to siberian motherwort acrial part fresh weight and specific yield
(4) sowing time and harvest time define influence to motherwort total alkaloid content, see Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 sowing time and harvest time define influence to motherwort total alkaloid content
Sowing time and harvest time define the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content with sowing the time temperature and siberian motherwort growth cycle long and short relevant.The siberian motherwort that I phase and II phase are sowed, can emerge then, the motherwort total alkaloid content 1.12% that the I phase is sowed, and the siberian motherwort that the II phase is sowed is through the low temperature vernalization, next year bolting, May 23 results, total alkaloid content only 0.54% illustrates the plant type of total alkaloid content and siberian motherwort in the siberian motherwort or deny that bolting does not have much relations, the siberian motherwort plant that the II phase is sowed is tall and big, the blade rareness, bolting, pregnant bud.Siberian motherwort, total alkaloid content that the VI phase is sowed are 1.46%, the siberian motherwort that the VII phase is sowed, and total alkaloid content is 1.77%, and the siberian motherwort of contemporaneity sowing is described, and the current growth cycle is long more, and content is high more; Gather in the crops after being delayed to the bolting in next year, total alkaloid content descends in the siberian motherwort, only is 0.62%.The siberian motherwort that III phase, IV phase and VI phase are sowed, has identical harvest time, total alkaloid content is respectively 1.92%, 1.55% and 1.46% in the plant corpus, explanation is for total alkaloid content accumulation in the siberian motherwort, in same year, its total content of siberian motherwort that growth cycle is grown is lacked apparently higher than growth cycle.
(5) phenophase is to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content
The next spring of winter sowing is experimental field sprouted the siberian motherwort of cultivation and Hangzhou is little and follow-up study is carried out in the total alkaloid content dynamic change living siberian motherwort different phenological of hill, the result shows: no matter be the cultivation siberian motherwort, or wild siberian motherwort, its alkaloidal biological property shows as downward trend (table 1-4), promptly from seedling phase (at the beginning of 4 months) → big seedling stage (mid-May) → florescence (by the end of June) → fruit phase (mid-July), its total alkaloid content descends gradually, secondly, from the trophophase to the flowering fruit bearing stage, exist the rapid drawdown of total alkaloids; In addition, the total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort trophophase of cultivation all is significantly less than the wild siberian motherwort with breeding time.
Table 1-4 different phenological motherwort total alkaloid content (%)
By above-mentioned result of the test as seen, be best sowing time: I phase (early September sowing, be December harvest time) and V phase (late March sowing, be June harvest time).Taking all factors into consideration the each side factor, is that sowing time is comparatively desirable with March and 8-9 month.
Two, N, P, the K orthogonal experiment of applying fertilizer
1, test material
Adopt L4 (2
3) orthogonal design, every kind of fertilizer is established two levels, and the factor level table sees the following form, nitrogenous fertilizer carbonic hydroammonium, phosphate fertilizer superphosphate, potash fertilizer potassium chloride.
The sub-district area is 2.5m
2, establish guard row on every side.Drilling on March 26, the every sub-district 5g of seeding quantity.The same day is sowed in the fertilization mode row replacement, and each is handled and executes 70% of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer total amount, makes base manure.April 22 began to emerge, and executed remaining nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and full dose potash fertilizer on May 8.Field management such as strengthen intertill and clean tillage and water, the siberian motherwort of gathering June 2 is for mensuration.
Factor level table (unit: kg)
Orthogonal table: L4 (2
3) table:
(2) investigate index and investigate the speed of coming into leaves, single-strain fresh weight, acrial part fresh weight, tiller number, chlorophyll content and total alkaloid content respectively.
(3) the come into leaves number of 3 all opening entry leaf growths behind the mensuration seed sprouting of speed carries out mark to the siberian motherwort of observed and recorded, every 3～5 days observed and recordeds once.
(4) each 2.5g of the fresh blade of the every sub-district of the mensuration of chlorophyll content clip shreds, and adds a little CaCO
3, divide several to add proper amount of acetone and in mortar, grind, after the grinding, use acetone lixiviate filtration and constant volume in the 25ml volumetric flask, use 50 times of acetone diluted then, again according to photoelectric colorimetry, under wavelength 660 and 642.5nm, measure the content of chlorophyll a and b respectively.
2, result and analysis
(1) the different fertilizer level is to the come into leaves influence of speed of siberian motherwort
Compare by the siberian motherwort leaf emergence rate to 4 different fertilizer horizontal processings, the result shows, improving under the horizontal situation of phosphate fertilizer, the speed of coming into leaves had obvious facilitation, but nitrogen, potash fertilizer effect are not obvious; Under the reduced phosphorus levels, improve nitrogen, potash fertilizer level, the siberian motherwort leaf growth is had facilitation, but DeGrain.Phosphate fertilizer can promote leaf growth, improves the output blade of unit are.
(2) the different fertilizer horizontal processing is to the influence of siberian motherwort single-strain fresh weight and acrial part fresh weight
Table 2-1 and table 2-2 illustrate influence and primary and secondary between each the fertilizer relation of each sub-district different fertilizer processing horizontal to single-strain fresh weight and acrial part fresh weight.Be not difficult to find out: single-strain fresh weight and the acrial part fresh weight of the 4th sub-district siberian motherwort are the highest.Reflect also that simultaneously the primary and secondary relation that shows between high levels of phosphorus that sub-district fertilizer handles and fertilizer is consistent.
The horizontal processing of table 2-1 different fertilizer is to the influence of siberian motherwort single-strain fresh weight
The horizontal processing of table 2-2 different fertilizer is to the influence of siberian motherwort acrial part fresh weight
| N | P | K | Acrial part fresh weight (kg) | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.54 |
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4.74 |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6.67 |
| 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8.82 |
| I | 8.21 | 6.28 | 10.36 | |
| II | 13.56 | 15.49 | 11.41 | |
| R | 5.35 | 9.21 | 1.05 |
(3) the different fertilizer horizontal processing is to the influence of siberian motherwort tiller number
The average individual plant tiller number of each sub-district siberian motherwort sees Table 2-3, by table 2-3 as can be seen: the tiller number of the 3rd and the 4th sub-district is many than other sub-districts, reflect that the primary and secondary relation that shows between high levels of phosphorus that sub-district fertilizer is handled and fertilizer matches, and illustrate that phosphate fertilizer can promote siberian motherwort increase tiller number.
The horizontal processing of table 2-3 different fertilizer is to the influence of siberian motherwort tiller number
(4) the different fertilizer horizontal processing is to the influence of siberian motherwort chlorophyll content
The primary and secondary relation of the average content of each sub-district siberian motherwort chlorophyll a and b and the influence of each fertilizer sees Table 2-4.
The horizontal processing of table 2-4 different fertilizer is to the influence of siberian motherwort chlorophyll a, b content
From table 2-4 as can be seen, the chlorophyll a of the 2nd and the 4th sub-district and b content are than other sub-district height.Its result is consistent with the primary and secondary relation between fertilizer.Illustrate that use nitrogen has effect preferably to improving chlorophyll a and b content more, has certain directive significance on producing.
(5) the different fertilizer horizontal processing the results are shown in Table 2-5 to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content.
Table 2-5 nitrogen, phosphorus, the plain varying level of potassium are handled the influence to total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort
Table 2-5 explanation, high phosphorus rich water is flat more more obvious than the effect of levels such as high nitrogen fertilizer and high potash fertilizer to the accumulation of siberian motherwort alkaloid, and under the synergy of high nitrogen and high phosphorus, motherwort total alkaloid content reaches the highest, be 1.68%, this and Different Fertilization level to the siberian motherwort growth to influence effect identical substantially.
Therefore, plantation should use sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer during siberian motherwort in the production, and wherein, base manure to be executing phosphate fertilizer more, and with nitrogenous fertilizer as topdressing, can improve the output of siberian motherwort significantly.
Three, use the influence of trace element fertilizer to siberian motherwort growth and total alkaloid content
(1) materials and methods
Adopt and decide strain test, sub-district area 6m
2, establish guard row on every side.Organic fertilizer 1000kg/ mu before broadcasting, composite fertilizer's 15kg/ mu is made base manure.Drilling on March 20, every sub-district plantation 12 row, every row 30 strains, seeding quantity 6g/ sub-district.Emerge at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, strengthen thinning, intertill and clean tillage and fertilising field management such as (seed manure urea 10kg/ mus).
Adopt and the similar normal concentration of common vegetable and excessive concentrations (be normal concentration one times), the field of carrying out 6 kinds of trace element fertilizers sprays processing, sees the following form, and compares 3 repetitions of every kind of processing with clear water.Processing method is a foliage-spray, and the amount of spraying is each 500ml/ sub-district, and May 21 and May 29 respectively spray 1 time, and the siberian motherwort of gathering respectively on June 21 and September 2 is for measuring.
Element kind and concentration table
(2) investigate index measurement plant height, the number of blade, tiller number and acrial part fresh weight, measure total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort.
2, result and analysis
(1) little fertile influence of handling siberian motherwort biological character and specific yield (seeing Table 3-1)
The little fertile influence of handling siberian motherwort biological character and specific yield of table 3-1
| Little fertile type | Plant height | The number of blade | Tiller number | The acrial part fresh weight | Specific yield |
| (cm) | (opening) | (individual) | (g/ strain) | (kg/ mu) | |
| CK | 43.4 | 10.4 | 2.1 | 26.1 | 1043.0 |
| Iron fertilizer | 40.5(45.5) | 11.8(12.8) | 1.7(2.0) | 22(35) | 879.1(1389.6) |
| Manganese fertilizer | 44.2(44.9) | 12.5(14.7) | 2.2(2.2) | 37.5(32.5) | 1498.5(1298.7) |
| Copper fertilizer | 47.1(45.1) | 10.0(14.6) | 2.7(1.7) | 34.4(40.5) | 1374.6(1618.4) |
| Zinc fertilizer | 39.7(46.0) | 10.0(13.5) | 2.2(2.7) | 35.0(39.4) | 1398.6(1574.4) |
| Molydbenum fertilizer | 45.2(39.8) | 8.9(11.5) | 2.0(2.3) | 29.4(24.4) | 1174.8(975.0) |
| Boron fertilizer | 47.0(41.9) | 10.3(10.0) | 2.4(1.7) | 31.3(33.5) | 1250.7(1338.7) |
Annotate: 1. n=3 (10 strains repetition); 2. being measured value under the normal concentration before the digital bracket in showing, is excessive concentrations measured value (table 3-2, table 3-3 are together) in the bracket.
From table 3-1 as can be known, little fertile processing of normal concentration, except that iron fertilizer and molydbenum fertilizer, other processing can both promote the growth of siberian motherwort plant and tiller; Iron fertilizer and manganese fertilizer can promote the siberian motherwort leaf growth significantly.Except that iron fertilizer, other is handled all has obvious facilitation to improving siberian motherwort acrial part fresh weight and specific yield, wherein, the effect of increasing production optimum of manganese fertilizer, amount of increase in production reaches 43.6%.
Little fertile processing of excessive concentrations, except that molydbenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer, all the other processing can both promote the growth of siberian motherwort plant to some extent; Except that boron fertilizer, can both promote the siberian motherwort leaf growth; Zinc fertilizer promotes the best results of tillering of siberian motherwort.Except that molydbenum fertilizer, other is handled all has obvious facilitation to improving acrial part fresh weight and specific yield, wherein, the effect of increasing production optimum of copper fertilizer, amount of increase in production reaches 55.2% (seeing Table 3-1).
(2) little fertile influence of handling total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort (seeing Table 3-2).
The little fertile influence of handling motherwort total alkaloid content of table 3-2
From table 3-2 as can be known, little fertile processing of normal concentration with manganese fertilizer treatment effect the best, total alkaloid content reaches 2.15%, all the other with compare, raising is in various degree all arranged; The little fertile processing of excessive concentrations, the interior total alkaloid content of siberian motherwort is 2.09% with boron fertilizer the best, except that the manganese fertilizer processing was hanged down than contrast, all the other were all than contrasting the raising that has in various degree.As seen, compare with normal concentration, the iron fertilizer of excessive concentrations and treatment of boric fertilizer are strengthened the regulating effect of total alkaloids in the siberian motherwort, and the normal concentration of manganese fertilizer sprays, brought into play its best efficiency, and its optimal threshold of the normal concentration of iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer and excessive concentrations no show still.
(3) little fertile resistance influence (the results are shown in Table 3-3) of siberian motherwort safety being got over the summer of handling.
The little fertile resistance performance of siberian motherwort safety being got over the summer of handling of table 3-3
| Little fertile type | Plant height | The greenery number | The individual plant tiller number | The acrial part fresh weight | Specific yield |
| (cm) | (opening) | (individual) | (g/ strain) | (kg/ mu) | |
| Iron | 27.4(29.6) | 34.6(20.5) | 5.6(3.3) | 31.0(30.5) | 1238.8(1218.8) |
| Manganese | 30.0(28.1) | 29.7(39.3) | 3.8(8.3) | 30.0(33.0) | 1198.8(1318.7) |
| Copper | 30.4(29.3) | 24.3(28.3) | 5.4(6.7) | 26.7(28.5) | 1066.9(1138.9) |
| Zinc | 24.7(23.0) | 21.0(10.7) | 6.0(2.2) | 21.0(14.5) | 839.2(579.4) |
| Molybdenum | 25.7(27.6) | 13.9(31.6) | 2.9(5.3) | 18.5(27.0) | 739.3(1079.0) |
| Boron | 23.8(23.5) | 15.716.1() | 3.0(6.0) | 13.0(14.0) | 519.5(559.4) |
From table 3-3 as can be known, siberian motherwort high temperature is got over the summer, and to show plant short and small, features such as blade is withered and yellow, diseases and insect pests resistance difference.All there is the underproduction in various degree in little fertile processing of normal concentration.Wherein, manganese fertilizer and copper fertilizer are got over the summer to siberian motherwort safety, and the resistance advantage is the most obvious; Secondly, the siberian motherwort that iron fertilizer is handled, specific yield is significantly improved after the summer more.
Compare with normal concentration, the iron fertilizer of excessive concentrations and zinc fertilizer are handled, and specific yield has decline in various degree, show that mainly greenery number/strain and individual plant tiller number reduce; And manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer and treatment of boric fertilizer, specific yield has increase in various degree, shows that mainly greenery number/strain and individual plant tiller number increase, and especially with molydbenum fertilizer amount of increase in production maximum, reach 45.9%.
On little fertile result of the test, manganese fertilizer that can be by using an amount of normal concentration in siberian motherwort produces etc. are to increase substantially output and total alkaloid content.
Four, different planting density tests
1, different spacings, broadcast furrow width test
(1) materials and methods
Adopt that drilling, line-spacing divide 15,20, three kinds of 30cm, broadcast that furrow width divides 10,20, three kinds of 30cm, spacing in the rows 8cm.Totally 9 processing, the gross area: 9 (processing) * 3 (repetition) * 10m
2(sub-district area)=270m
2, establish guard row on every side.The experimental field is divided into 3 groups of repetitions, handles randomized arrangement for every group interior 9.Carry out thinning (2～3 times), final singling and fill the gaps with seedlings.
(2) investigate index plant height, tiller number, the number of blade, single-strain fresh weight and cell production etc.
2, result and analysis
(1) different planting densities the results are shown in Table 4-1 to siberian motherwort plant height, tiller number, the number of blade and single-strain fresh weight influence.
The different planting density siberian motherwort of table 4-1 plant height, tiller number, single-strain fresh weight tables of data
Annotate: every sub-district 10 strain mean values, down together.
From table 4-1 as can be seen, different planting densities (line-spacing and broadcast furrow width), its plant height is the highest to handle " 20 * 10cm ", be 40.01cm, the shortest is to handle " 15 * 20cm ", in addition, also can find out, drill spacing is that the plant height of 15cm is relatively all shorter, may be because of closeer cause, so plant height is all less than 37cm; And the plant height of line-spacing 20cm and 30cm is all on 37cm.
From tiller number, each is handled and is more or less the same, and illustrates in these density ranges, and tiller number changes little.From number of blade performance, tiller number is more relatively, and it is also more relatively to show as the number of blade.
From the single-strain fresh weight amount, the heaviest to handle " 30 * 30cm " individual plant, average single-strain fresh weight is 37.23g, secondly is to handle " 20 * 30cm ", is 36.72g.4-1 can find from table, under same line-spacing, increases to 20cm with the drilling furrow width from 10cm, single-strain fresh weight does not increase basically, and when furrow width when 20cm increases to 30cm, the single-strain fresh weight increase is more, explanation is beneficial to the increase of single-strain fresh weight under the density of " 30 * 30cm ".
The variable analysis result of plant height, tiller number, the number of blade and single-strain fresh weight sees Table 4-2, table 4-3 and table 4-4 respectively.Each variable analysis result shows that plant height, tiller number and number of blade level of difference under each is handled are all not remarkable.And single-strain fresh weight variable analysis result (seeing Table 4-5) is shown difference reaches significance.
Table 4-2 different densities is to the variation analytical table of plant height
Table 4-3 different densities is to the variation analytical table of tiller number
Table 4-4 different densities is to the variation analytical table of the number of blade
Table 4-5 different densities is to the variation analytical table of acrial part single-strain fresh weight
(2) different planting densities the results are shown in Table 4-6 to the siberian motherwort yield effect.
The different planting density siberian motherwort of table 4-6 yield data table
Output under each planting density is carried out variable analysis, and the result is as table 4-7.
The different planting densities of table 4-7 are to the variable analysis table of the yield effect of siberian motherwort
From table 4-6 as can be seen, the cell production of different planting density siberian motherworts is approaching substantially, does not have much difference, and output is carried out variable analysis, the results are shown in Table 5-7.5-7 finds out there was no significant difference between each output from table.Therefore on producing, can carry out wide row or narrow row plantation, investigate siberian motherwort under closeer situation, because the interior performance of ventilating of furrow is relatively poor, under the situation of relative improper ventilation, easily causes the flavescence of siberian motherwort plant base leaf, rot at later stages, also easily cause the generation of diseases such as root rot; And line-spacing is too wide, then because weeds are more, and cost of labor expends bigger, keeps about line-spacing 20～30cm in therefore producing, and it is more suitable at 10～20cm to broadcast furrow width.
3, broadcast the different spacing in the rows tests of siberian motherwort in the ditch
(1) materials and methods
By line-spacing * broadcast furrow width 20 * 20cm mode to plant, broadcast in the furrow width that spacing in the rows is set to 4,8 respectively, three kinds of spacing in the rows of 12cm are planted.Totally 9 processing, the gross area: 9 (processing) * 3 (repetition) * 10m
2(sub-district area)=270m
2, establish guard row on every side.The experimental field is divided into 3 groups of repetitions, handles randomized arrangement for every group interior 9.Carry out thinning (2～3 times), final singling and fill the gaps with seedlings.
(2) investigate index plant height, tiller number, the number of blade, single-strain fresh weight and cell production etc.
4, result and analysis
(1) different spacing in the rows the results are shown in Table 4-8 to siberian motherwort plant height, tiller number and single-strain fresh weight influence.
4-8 finds out from table, siberian motherwort growth performance basically identical under the different spacing in the rows, and differences such as its average plant height, tiller number, the number of blade and single-strain fresh weight are little.
The different spacing in the rows of table 4-8 are to the performance effect of siberian motherwort growth
Annotate: data are 10 strain mean values in the table, down together.
(2) different spacing in the rows the results are shown in Table 4-9 to the influence of siberian motherwort output.
The different spacing in the rows of table 4-9 are to the influence of siberian motherwort output
Siberian motherwort yield variate analytical table under the different spacing in the rows of table 4-10
From table 4-10, the output under each spacing in the rows is similar substantially, there was no significant difference (seeing Table 4-10).Therefore, when carrying out thinning, spacing in the rows is not had special requirement in the production, in general, the spacing in the rows that keeps 8～12cm is just passable, can impel the siberian motherwort well-grown, be unlikely because of overstocked cause ventilative bad, the blade flavescence; Can not cause the artificial weeding cost excessive because of spacing in the rows is excessive yet.
Five, nitrogenous fertilizer orthogonal experiment
1, purpose is used the different nitrogenous fertilizer of measuring by different times, explores the effective way that improves total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort plant.
2, materials and methods
Divide seedling stage, the phase of coming into leaves and content to improve the phase three phases, fertilizing amount divides three levels to carry out orthogonal experiment, factor and level see the following form (table 5-1).If do not execute urea is that blank is handled.The gross area is 10 (processing) * 3 (repetition) * 10m
2(sub-district area)=300m
2The experimental field is divided into 3 groups, handles randomized arrangement for every group interior 10.Seed manure and leaf be fertile to be adopted and converts the water dilution and water and execute, and content is fertile to be adopted and convert the water dilution and spray, and should be before harvesting 20d spray and finish.All the other fertilizer are used the kind method for planting referring to fresh leonurus of the present invention.
Table 5-1 factor level table (unit: kg/ mu)
Table 5-2 orthogonal table L9 (3
4) table
3, investigate index plant height, tiller number, the number of blade, single-strain fresh weight, cell production and total alkaloid content etc.
4, result and analysis
(1) influence the results are shown in Table 5-3 to different disposal to siberian motherwort tree characteristics.
From table 5-3 as can be seen, aspect plant height, each is handled and compares, except that handle 6,7 and 8 three processing and contrast basic near, all the other are handled and all contrast the raising that has in various degree.Wherein, the highest to handle 1 average plant height, reach 40.40cm, comparison is according to increasing by 16.3%.Aspect tiller number, except that 2,3 and 8 three of processing were all lacked slightly than contrast, all the other processing are all than contrast increase to some extent, and were wherein maximum to handle 9, are 3.23.Aspect the number of blade, except that processing 6 was lacked slightly than contrast, all the other handle all to compare to shine to some extent increased, but increasing degree is few.Aspect single-strain fresh weight, all are handled and contrast the increase that all has in various degree, wherein, increase at most to handle 1, and weightening finish reaches 55.2%, secondly is to handle 9, increases weight 42.8%, and it is minimum to handle 8 weightening finishes, is 7.7%.Single-strain fresh weight is followed successively by from big to small: processing 1＞processing 9＞processing 3＞processing 5＞processing 4＞processing 2＞processing 7＞processing 6＞processing 8.
The growth performance table of table 5-3 orthogonal experiment siberian motherwort
(2) different disposal the results are shown in Table 5-4 to the influence of siberian motherwort output.5-4 can intuitively find out from table, and except that contrast, siberian motherwort output is the highest to handle 1 between different disposal, reach 27.25kg, amounting to into per mu yield is 1798.5kg, secondly is to handle 9, amounting to into per mu yield is 1690.92kg, and all the other handle output all less than 25kg, and it is minimum to handle 8 output.Different disposal output is followed successively by from big to small: processing 1＞processing 9＞processing 4＞processing 2＞processing 6＞processing 3＞processing 5＞processing 7＞processing 8.
Table 5-4 siberian motherwort orthogonal experiment yield result intuitive analysis table
(3) different disposal the results are shown in Table 5-5 to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content.
The motherwort total alkaloid content of table 5-5 different disposal
From table 5-5 as can be seen, each is handled and compares, total alkaloid content all has raising in various degree, wherein the highest to handle 9, reaching 0.94%, all the other are followed successively by and handle 5 (0.92%)＞handle 4 and handle 2 (0.91%)＞handle 6 (0.89%)＞handle 3 and handle 1 (0.82%)＞handle 7 (0.76%)＞handle 8 (0.65%)＞contrast (0.58%).
As seen, applied nitrogen, accumulation has certain facilitation to the total alkaloids in the siberian motherwort plant, and nitrogenous fertilizer may participate in the metabolism of alkaloid forming process intermediate monoamino-acid, thereby has promoted the accumulation of total alkaloids.
Six, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer proportioning test
1, purpose reaches maximum volume increase purpose for reducing the pollution to ecotopes such as soil, water quality such as inorganic fertilizer with minimum applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, inquires into the best proportioning of fertilizer such as farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, thereby reaches the purpose of protecting environment.
2, materials and methods
With barnyard manure is base manure, and a mu fertilizing amount is divided 500kg and 1000kg two kinds, uses as base manure prior to seeding.Divide seedling stage, the phase of coming into leaves and content to improve phase three phases mu and execute urea 10kg or 20kg (or composite fertilizer of a great deal of), fertilizing method divide seedling stage (100%), the seedling stage+the leaf phase (50%+50%) and the seedling stage+three kinds of leaf phases+content phase (50%+30%+20%) test (seeing Table 6-1).The experimental field is divided into 3 groups, and every sub-district area is 10m
2, handle randomized arrangement for every group interior 9.Seed manure, leaf be fertile to be adopted and converts the water dilution and water and execute, and content is fertile to be adopted and convert the water dilution and spray, during intertill and clean tillage in addition mu execute superphosphate 27～30kg (450g/10m
2).
Table 6-1 base manure and Application Ratio test card (unit: kg)
3, investigate index when results, measure plant height, tiller number, 10 strain fresh weights, cell production and total alkaloid content etc. respectively.
4, result and analysis
(1) different disposal the results are shown in Table 6-2 to the influence of siberian motherwort growth traits.
From table 6-2 as can be seen, tiller number there are differences between different disposal, in 500kg base manure amount, handle at most to join 2 (seed manure+leaf fertilizer), same, in 1000kg-1 processing and 1000kg-2 processing, it is maximum also to handle tiller number with " seed manure+leaf fertilizer ", wherein, join 8 for maximum in all processing, 3.5; Join 5 and take second place, 3.2.The number average of tillering of all the other processing is less than 3.This is because siberian motherwort tillers period mainly in the stage of coming into leaves, this moment is under the situation that uses sufficient base manure (1000kg), at the nitrogenous fertilizer of the phase amount of using sufficient that comes into leaves (three time use compare with seedling stage disposable employed nitrogenous fertilizer and branch " seedling stage+phase of coming into leaves+content phase "), can promote tillering of siberian motherwort.The The mean tillering number of each proportioning is followed successively by 1000kg-2 from big to small and handles (2.9)＞1000kg-1 and handle (2.72) ≈ 500kg and handle (2.71), increase when tiller number be described along with base manure amount and topdressing amount and increasing.
Table 6-2 Different Fertilization proportioning is to the influence of siberian motherwort growth
On plant height performance effect, average plant height is followed successively by 1000kg-2 (41.31cm)＞1000kg-1 (38.84cm)＞500kg (37.68cm) from big to small, the increase with fertilizing amount is described, the also corresponding increase of plant height.Especially execute the nitrogen dressing amount when 10kg increases to 20kg, average plant height increases to 41.31cm from 38.84cm, and illustrate topdresses influences comparatively obvious to plant height.
(2) different disposal sees Table 6-2 to the influence of siberian motherwort single-strain fresh weight and specific yield.
In the performance of 10 strain fresh weights, 1000kg-2 (311.44g)＞500kg (263.78g) ≈ 1000kg-1 (260.0g) illustrates that the fresh weight of siberian motherwort is consistent with the performance trend of plant height and tiller number.
On yield result, (see Table 6-3), volume variance between the different disposal is more obvious, the highest is to handle 9, reach 32.71kg, minimum is to handle 1, is 22.81kg, both differ 43.4%, from the single factor of fertilizing amount proportioning, the average yield performance of every kind of fertilizing amount is followed successively by from big to small:
1000kg-2 (32.02kg)＞1000kg-1 (26.74kg)＞500kg (25.21kg), as seen, under the constant situation of the 10kg that topdresses, base manure increases to 1000kg from 500kg, and output increases to 26.74kg from 25.21kg, increases by 6.07%; And on the basis of using base manure 1000kg, topdressing amount is from 10kg to 20kg, and output is increased to 32.02, increase by 19.7% from 26.74; Base manure and topdressing when doubling respectively, the output increase is extremely obvious, the increase that the average yield that 1000kg base manure+20kg topdresses topdresses than 500kg base manure+10kg 29.97%.As seen, the amount of application that increases base manure simultaneously and topdress, extremely obvious to production-increasing function.
In addition, from fertilizing time, every kind of proportion fertilizer amount, increase along with fertilizer application frequency, output should have increase to a certain degree mutually, as under the situation of executing 500kg base manure, at topdress branch secondary and executing for three times under the situation of 10kg, production ratio disposable employedly increases by 14.16% and 17.36% respectively in seedling stage; And topdress under the situation executing 1000kg base manure+20kg, gradation is used that output than single fertilization increases and is not obvious.As seen, using sufficient under the situation of base manure, illustrating whether split application does not have obvious influence to output.
The table 6-3 combination average rate schedule that respectively applies fertilizer
The table 6-4 under basal dressing 1000kg respectively by the variable analysis table of executing urea 10kg and 20kg
| Mutagen because of | Degree of freedom | Sum of squares | Variable | The F value | F0.01 | F0.05 |
| Between district's group | 2 | 9.81 | 4.91 | 0.41 | 7.56 | 4.1 |
| Between treatment combination | 5 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 2.23 | 5.64 | 3.33 |
| Between fertilizing amount | 1 | 125.29 | 125.29 | 10.39 ** | 10.04 | 4.96 |
| Between fertilizer application period | 2 | 8.69 | 4.34 | 0.36 | 7.56 | 4.1 |
| Between fertilizing amount * fertilizer application period | 2 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 7.56 | 4.1 |
| Error | 10 | 120.55 | 12.05 | |||
| Sum | 17 | 264.90 |
Under 1000kg base manure, the output of 10kg and two kinds of topdressing amounts of 20kg is carried out the dual factors variable analysis, the results are shown in Table 6-4.From table 6-4 as can be known, executing 1000kg base manure, topdressing when being respectively 10kg and 20kg, the volume variance level is not remarkable between each fertilizer application period, and volume variance reaches utmost point significance level between fertilizing amount, and the interactive volume variance level of fertilizer application period and fertilizing amount is not remarkable yet.Explanation using sufficient base manure 1000kg and the 20kg that topdresses, can reach the purpose that greatly promotes volume increase in production practices.
(3) different disposal the results are shown in Table 6-5 to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content.
Table 6-5 different disposal is to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content
Remarks: because 2003 year-climates arid cause, total alkaloid content is on the low side than former years.
From table 6-5 as can be known, the highest to handle 6 total alkaloid contents, be 0.93%; Next is to handle 9, is 0.85%, and illustrate in the base manure amount increases under the situation of (increasing to 1000kg from 500kg), uses the score of topdressing points for three times and once executes with secondary and execute, and can improve the interior total alkaloid content of siberian motherwort.
Under 1000kg base manure amount situation, increase amount of urea, when 10kg increased to 20kg, under identical fertilizing method, the motherwort total alkaloid content of each fertilizer application period had all presented downward trend, illustrate that the increase nitrogen fertilizer amount is unfavorable for alkaloidal accumulation.
Comprehensive output and total alkaloid content are considered, in siberian motherwort produces, should use the 1000kg fertilizer as base manure, amount of application 20kg topdresses, divide seedling stage, the phase of coming into leaves and content to improve and use in three periods of phase, can improve siberian motherwort output and effective component content preferably.
Seven, irrigation is to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content
1, materials and methods
Irrigation volume divides 250ml/ strain, 125ml/ strain, 62.5ml/ strain and four kinds of processing of 0ml/ strain, irrigates in every afternoon, and each processing area is 5m
2
At each irrigation volume is under the situation of 125ml/ strain, and the watering period is divided into irrigates once once (at 4 o'clock in afternoon) and four processing of zero irrigation of (at 4 o'clock in afternoon), per two days irrigation of secondary (at 8 o'clock in the morning and afternoon), irrigation every day every day at 4 o'clock, and each processing area is 5m
2
2, after the investigation index irrigated for 2 weeks, the siberian motherwort of gathering was respectively measured its total alkaloid content.
3, Different Irrigation amount and watering period the results are shown in Table 7-1 and table 7-2 to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content.
Table 7-1 Different Irrigation amount is to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content
The table 7-2 Different Irrigation cycle is to the influence of motherwort total alkaloid content
From table 7-1 and table 7-2 explanation, under the situation of field moisture abundance, irrigation water is unfavorable for the accumulation of total alkaloids in the siberian motherwort; Show from the field growing of siberian motherwort, the water stain growth that also is unfavorable for siberian motherwort, this with the wild population of siberian motherwort in to can not find this finding of water-logged area ecotope consistent, illustrate to be regardless of the growth that is unfavorable for siberian motherwort.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the application of modern agricultural technology, change the siberian motherwort cultivation method, adopt off-season cultivation, improve wild siberian motherwort kind, reasonably use chemical fertilizer and fertilizer, cultivate the fresh leonurus of the high-quality of pollution-free, low agricultural chemicals and heavy-metal residual, high yield, efficient, high bioactivity characteristics, and improved output and the medical material quanlity of siberian motherwort.
Reach 2.0% according to the bright careless total alkaloid content of the siberian motherwort of the inventive method plantation, be much higher than the commercially available dried siberian motherwort (content 0.4%) of tradition.And by off-season cultivation, the fresh leonurus growth cycle only needs three first quarter moons, just can reach more than the per mu yield 1200kg; Can plant for two seasons in 1 year, the annual interest of the bright grass of siberian motherwort can reach 10 months with the time, has ten months the anniversary of having realized and can supply fresh leonurus.Operate according to the inventive method, can guarantee fresh leonurus quality of stability and homogeneity; Processing technology can realize the interlocking mechanism technology of squeezing the juice, and has significantly improved siberian motherwort working ability and working (machining) efficiency, has reduced working strength of workers.On preparation process thereof, changed the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method that traditional motherwort formulation is produced, can directly adopt the fresh leonurus breaking-wall cell, homogenate, liquid-solid separation, the cryogenic film distillation concentrates, modern equipment technologies such as atomized drying one-step palletizing, frozen drying help keeping to greatest extent and extract effective active components such as alkaloid.
Embodiment:
Embodiments of the invention 1: the plantation of fresh leonurus is carried out according to following step:
(1) seed selection: clean the undesirable seed of purity, adopt sieve to screen out foreign material, reject empty flat, sick worm and other wounded or disabled seed and weed seed, choose and enrich full seed.
(2) seed treatment: tedded seed before the sowing 1～2 day, and made the seed drying uniformity, increase the saturating property of seed, improve vitality; Also has simultaneously certain bactericidal action.In seed, admix 35 kilograms/mu of ash before the sowing, mix with the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed again and wet into the seed ash, be beneficial to and grasp seeding quantity.
(3) choosing ground, whole ground: the soil and the well-drained sand loam that select on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, are rich in humus, slant acidity, meet the secondary standard in " national soil environment quality GB15618-1995 ", individual event pollutant index must not surpass grade III Standard.Before the sowing, adopt hoe to cut grass, treat that weeds are dried after, concentrate to burn and make ash and use; Mu is executed decomposed dung and is made base manure for 1000 kilograms, and the furrow face is executed in the shop, turns over 30 centimetres, with broken soil blocks such as fourth tooth harrows, and the rake fine soil grain, leveling makes high 20 centimetres, wide 120 centimetres furrow, holds the drain ditch successfully, is convenient to irrigate and draining.
(4) sowing: in 1 year two season of sowing, March on, in the middle ten days or 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, mu broadcast 1 kilogram in siberian motherwort seed, drilling; During sowing, in the direction vertical, laterally open 4 centimetres of dark shallow ridges, 10 centimetres of furrow widths with 25 centimetres line-spacings with furrow.Seed evenly is spread in the ditch along ditch, coated with thin soil, spreads fertilizer over the fields the ash double centner on furrow.
(5) thinning: carry out the thinning first time during 1 centimetre of left and right sides of height of seedling, dredge and remove overstocked and small and weak seedling, make the unlikely too crowded influence growth of seedling, carry out in conjunction with the shallow plowing weeding; Carry out the thinning second time during 5 centimetres of left and right sides of height of seedling, dredge the seedling that goes overstocked, small and weak and ill worm, carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage; Height of seedling carries out thinning for the third time during 10 centimetres of left and right sides, i.e. final singling, and line-spacing is 20 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 12 centimetres, carries out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.
(6) weeding: intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning first time for the first time, requires intertillage shallow, and about 3～4 centimetres, weeding is clean, and imposes seed manure, and mu is executed 10 kilograms in urea, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes, and promotes growth of seedling; For the second time intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning second time, intertills shallowly, and about 5～6 centimetres, weeding is clean; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with thinning for the third time for the third time, earths up simultaneously, intertills 5～6 centimetres, earths up 2～3 centimetres, the Ex-all weeds also chase after fertilization of leaves, and mu is executed 6 kilograms in urea, 28 kilograms of superphosphate, 4 kilograms in potassium chloride, water after the water distribution dilution and execute, divide and use for 3 times, promote the siberian motherwort growth.
(7) fertilising: siberian motherwort grows tall to about 35 centimetres, when blade covers whole field piece, spray content fertilizer (the water distribution dilution, mu sprays 4 kilograms in urea, be sprayed onto blade moistening have slightly to drip be advisable), make blade change tender and turn green, improve total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort.When preceding 35 days of harvesting and 20 days left and right sides, the little fertilizer of foliage-spray (0.1% manganese sulfate solution) each once, the amount of spraying is about 83 milliliters/square metre at every turn, to improve siberian motherwort output and total alkaloid content.
(8) gather: the phenophase of siberian motherwort (sowing-gather) is defined as three first quarter moons, and growth cycle is as follows: on March, the middle ten days sowing, mid or late July results; In 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, late November, early December results.When gathering, select fine day, prescind the siberian motherwort acrial part, remove yellow leaf, dead leaf, impurity etc., clean, dry with flowing water with reaping hook.The siberian motherwort of gathering, plant height are about 40 centimetres, and strain blade mean is more than 10, leaf dark green, plumpness; Its total alkaloid content reaches 2.0%, and content of beary metal and persticide residue meet the limit standard of quality of medicinal material.
Embodiments of the invention 2: the plantation of fresh leonurus is carried out according to following step:
(1) cleans the undesirable seed of purity, adopt sieve to screen out foreign material, reject empty flat, sick worm and other wounded or disabled seed and weed seed, choose and enrich full seed.
(2) seed treatment: tedded seed before the sowing 1～2 day, and made the seed drying uniformity, increase the saturating property of seed, improve vitality; Also has simultaneously certain bactericidal action.In seed, admix 50 kilograms/mu of ash before the sowing, mix with the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed again and wet into the seed ash, be beneficial to and grasp seeding quantity.
(3) choosing ground, whole ground: the soil and the well-drained sand loam that select on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, are rich in humus, slant acidity, meet the secondary standard in " national soil environment quality GB15618-1995 ", individual event pollutant index must not surpass grade III Standard.Before the sowing, adopt hoe to cut grass, treat that weeds are dried after, concentrate to burn and make ash and use; Turn over 30 centimetres, with broken soil blocks such as fourth tooth harrows, the rake fine soil grain, leveling makes high 25 centimetres, wide 120 centimetres furrow, holds the drain ditch successfully, is convenient to irrigate and draining.
(4) sowing: in 1 year two season of sowing, March on, in the middle ten days or 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, mu broadcast 1.4 kilograms in siberian motherwort seed, drilling; During sowing, in the direction vertical, laterally open 5 centimetres of dark shallow ridges, 20 centimetres of furrow widths with 30 centimetres line-spacings with furrow; 50 kilograms of sealing fertilizers of mu in ditch make with hoe that earth mixes in composite fertilizer and the ditch, avoid composite fertilizer directly to contact with seed.Seed evenly is spread in the ditch along ditch, coated with thin soil, spreads fertilizer over the fields 150 kilograms of ash on furrow.
(5) thinning: carry out the thinning first time during 1 centimetre of left and right sides of height of seedling, dredge and remove overstocked and small and weak seedling, make the unlikely too crowded influence growth of seedling, carry out in conjunction with the shallow plowing weeding; Carry out the thinning second time during 5 centimetres of left and right sides of height of seedling, dredge the seedling that goes overstocked, small and weak and ill worm, carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage; Height of seedling carries out thinning for the third time during 10 centimetres of left and right sides, i.e. final singling, and line-spacing is 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 8 centimetres, carries out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.
(6) weeding: intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning first time for the first time, requires intertillage shallow, and about 3～4 centimetres, weeding is clean, and imposes seed manure, and mu is executed 9 kilograms in urea, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes, and promotes growth of seedling; For the second time intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning second time, intertills shallowly, and about 5～6 centimetres, weeding is clean; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with thinning for the third time for the third time, earths up simultaneously, intertills 5～6 centimetres, earths up 2～3 centimetres, the Ex-all weeds also chase after fertilization of leaves, and mu is executed 6 kilograms in urea, 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride, water after the water distribution dilution and execute, divide and use for 2 times, promote the siberian motherwort growth.
(7) fertilising: siberian motherwort grows tall to about 35 centimetres, when blade covers whole field piece, spray content fertilizer (the water distribution dilution, mu sprays 5 kilograms in urea, be sprayed onto blade moistening have slightly to drip be advisable), make blade change tender and turn green, improve total alkaloid content in the siberian motherwort.When preceding 35 days of harvesting and 20 days left and right sides, the little fertilizer of foliage-spray (0.1% manganese sulfate solution) each once, the amount of spraying is about 85 milliliters/square metre at every turn, to improve siberian motherwort output and total alkaloid content.
(8) gather: the phenophase of siberian motherwort (sowing-gather) is defined as three first quarter moons, and growth cycle is as follows: on March, the middle ten days sowing, mid or late July results; In 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, late November, early December results.When gathering, select fine day, prescind the siberian motherwort acrial part, remove yellow leaf, dead leaf, impurity etc., clean, dry with flowing water with reaping hook.The siberian motherwort of gathering, plant height are about 40 centimetres, and strain blade mean is more than 10, leaf dark green, plumpness; Its total alkaloid content is stabilized in more than 1.6%, and content of beary metal and persticide residue meet the limit standard of quality of medicinal material.
Claims (10)
1. the kind method for planting of a fresh leonurus is characterized in that: carry out according to following step: (1) seed selection: screen out foreign material, reject permanent disability and weed seed, choose and enrich full seed; (2) seed treatment: ted 1～2 day before the sowing, and admix ash, mix with night soil again and wet into the seed ash; (3) choosing ground, whole ground: the soil and the well-drained sand loam that select on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, are rich in humus, slant acidity; Remove weeds before the sowing, use phosphate fertilizer, turn over 30 centimetres as base manure, broken soil block, whole furrow are held the drain ditch successfully; (4) sowing: 1 year two season of sowing, on March, in the middle ten days or 8 months, last ten-days period sowings, mu is broadcast 0.6～1.4 kilogram in siberian motherwort seed, drilling, laterally open 3～5 centimetres of dark shallow ridges in the direction vertical with furrow, seed evenly is spread in the ditch along ditch, coated with thin soil, spreads fertilizer over the fields 100～150 kilograms of ash on furrow; (5) thinning: carry out the thinning first time during 0.8～1.2 centimetre of height of seedling, dredge and remove overstocked and small and weak seedling; Carry out the thinning second time during 4.5～5.5 centimetres of heights of seedling, dredge the seedling that goes overstocked, small and weak and ill worm; Carry out thinning for the third time, i.e. final singling during 9～11 centimetres of heights of seedling; (6) weeding: intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning first time for the first time, intertills 3～4 centimetres, and weeding is clean, and imposes seed manure; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with the thinning second time for the second time, intertills 5～6 centimetres, and weeding is clean; Intertill and clean tillage carries out in conjunction with thinning for the third time for the third time, earths up simultaneously, intertills 5～6 centimetres, earths up 2～3 centimetres, and the Ex-all weeds also chase after fertilization of leaves; (7) fertilising: siberian motherwort grow tall to 33～37 centimetres, when blade covers whole field piece, spray content fertilizer; Gathered in preceding 33～37 days and 18～22 days, the little fertilizer of foliage-spray respectively once; (8) gather: sow between picking time being three first quarter moons, promptly mid or late July or late November, early December gather, and get the siberian motherwort acrial part with lancinating, removal of impurities, clean.
2. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the consumption of ash is 25～50 kilograms/mu described in the step (2).
3. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the base manure described in the step (3) is decomposed dung, and mu is executed 800～1200 kilograms.
4. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the furrow described in the step (3) are high 20～25 centimetres, and are wide 120 centimetres.
5. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the shallow ridges of being opened in the step (4) is wide 10～20 centimetres, and the line-spacing between ditch and the ditch is 25～30 centimetres.
6. according to the kind method for planting of claim 1 or 3 described fresh leonurus, it is characterized in that: the base manure described in the step (3) can 40～60 kilograms of replacements of mu sealing fertilizer in the shallow ridges of step (4).
7. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the line-spacing in the step (5) during final singling is 20～30 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 8～12 centimetres.
8. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seed manure described in the step (6) is executed 9～11 kilograms in urea for mu, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes; Described leaf is fertile executes 4～5 kilograms in 5～7 kilograms in urea, 27～30 kilograms of superphosphate and potassium chloride for mu, waters after the water distribution dilution and executes, and divides and uses for 2～3 times.
9. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: content described in the step (7) is fertile executes 3～5 kilograms in urea for mu, sprays after the water distribution dilution, be sprayed onto blade moistening have slightly drip.
10. according to the kind method for planting of the described fresh leonurus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the little fertilizer described in the step (7) is 0.1% manganese sulfate solution, and the amount of spraying is 81～85 milliliters/square metre at every turn.
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| CN104823671A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-12 | 贵州宣和生物科技有限公司 | Planting method for shortening planting period of herba leonuri |
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| CN106550709A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-05 | 四川智佳成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Herba Leonuri cultural method for shortening growth cycle |
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| CN106550709A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-05 | 四川智佳成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Herba Leonuri cultural method for shortening growth cycle |
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| CN105724042A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-07-06 | 余贤祥 | Planting method of horehound |
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| CN106416726A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-02-22 | 楚雄乌蛮渡农垦有限公司 | Rugulose elsholtzia planting method |
| CN106818133A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 昌昊金煌（贵州）中药有限公司 | The implantation methods of Yi Zhong Common St.Paulswort Herbs |
| CN107466668A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 浙江越奇生物医药研究有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of boy motherwort |
| CN108770605A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-09 | 浙江省中药研究所有限公司 | A kind of four seasons implantation methods of motherwort |
| CN109863953A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-06-11 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Utilize the method for making control tobacco black shank between gramineae plant lemon-grass and flue-cured tobacco |
| CN114586610A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-07 | 贵州天遂农业有限公司 | Motherwort and rice medicinal crop rotation planting method |
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