CN108739152A - A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739152A CN108739152A CN201810414757.3A CN201810414757A CN108739152A CN 108739152 A CN108739152 A CN 108739152A CN 201810414757 A CN201810414757 A CN 201810414757A CN 108739152 A CN108739152 A CN 108739152A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, it is utilized respectively the characteristic of corn kernel accumulation low to heavy metal arsenic and perennial plant-ciliate desert-grass to its height enrichment, relay interplanting planting is carried out in the arable land that heavy metal arsenic seriously pollutes, is as follows：Soil subsoiling and trench digging row replacement corn base manure, corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing, the transplanting of corn nourishment phase intensified culturing, ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method, ciliate desert-grass field accurately manages, ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching and corn are recycled and planted and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization.Compared with traditional habit cropping pattern, specific steps through the invention can obviously increase maize grain yield, significantly improve ciliate desert-grass and be revival from transplanting rate, biological yield and the absorption regulation effect to heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agronomic technique field for administering Farmland Soil Pollution, more particularly to one kind recycling ciliate desert-grass set
The cultural method of kind corn.
Background technology
Corn is important one of the cereal crops in China, to ensureing that it is important that national food security and sustained economic development have
Strategic position.Wherein be located at the Yunnan Province of Southwestern China corn planting belt, the long-term sown area of corn stablize 1,300,000 hectares with
On, to the local animal husbandry development of support and stablize borderland ethnic group revenue source with important operation.Currently, with corn section
While constantly promoting yield, Quality Safety is also increasingly paid attention to by people, this needs fundamentally to pay attention to eating for skill progress
The problem of product safety.
Yunnan is known as the township of non-ferrous metal due to unique geological location, rich in mineral resources.From eighties of last century 50 years
In generation, starts, and with the development of modern industrial production, the unreasonable discharge and processing of toxic wastewater, exhaust gas, waste residue cause mining area all
Heavy metal contaminants constantly precipitation and accumulation, the especially long mining area periphery farmland of production history in the arable soil of side, soil
Earth heavy metal arsenic is seriously polluted.And existing common arsenic in soil method for governing pollution and its drawback are as follows：1, engineering measure method：Directly
It connects and contaminated soil is changed into clean soil, but quantities is big, investment cost is high and destroying soil texture causes fertility to decline；2,
Stable curing method：Theory of evolution medicament is stirred into contaminated soil heavy metal is directly wrapped in crystallization, can make heavy metal
The elimination period is long, but sphere of action is narrow and of high cost；3, physical chemistry repairing method：Utilize Soil leaching, Vitrification or electrification
Method is administered, but these methods often influence the content of soil other compositions, and soil fertility is caused to decline；4, phytoremediation
Method：Largely planted in contaminated soil certain can enriching heavy metal arsenic plant, carry out absorption processing, but the utilization of soil in this way
Rate is low, influences grain yield, and the time-consuming length of plant flowers that plantation repeatedly is repaired, quantities are big.
Therefore, the farmland polluted by heavy metal arsenic for Yunnan mining area periphery, there is an urgent need for find one kind both having can guarantee that corn produced
The method that amount can effectively administer heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic pollution from the root cause again.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：In view of the above problems, pass through the corn of the low accumulation of selection seed heavy metal arsenic
Kind is in the ranks enriched with perennial plant-ciliate desert-grass in corn using set practice plantation heavy metal arsenic height, both can guarantee to reach
Corn yield and edible seed safety, and can effectively administer the effect of heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic pollution.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) soil subsoiling and trench digging apply corn base manure：Subsoiling is carried out to field with soil subsoiling Cultivator and is turned over, then is adopted
Rotary tillage is carried out to soil with rotary cultivator, keeps field soil block smooth fine crushing, field surrounding, which is opened, after rotary tillage encloses ditch, and is carried out in field
Mechanical equidistant trench digging, then applies corn base manure at interval of two rows；
(2) corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing：The corn variety of the low accumulation of heavy metal arsenic, removal is selected to go mouldy and breakage
Corn seed, using liquid seed dressing and 2~4h of the bored processing of heap after, field apply corn base manure row in seeding corn, by expand go,
Contracting strain dense planting seeding method sprays corn preemergence herbicide after earthing immediately again；
(3) corn nourishment phase intensified culturing：It waits for that corn grows to 3 leaf phase of corn removing weak seedling and seedling, 1 plant is retained per cave
Healthy and strong seedling, the nitre sulphur atrazine that 5 leaf phases in the ranks sprayed 25% carry out chemical weed control, and the chlorine cyanogen that 8 leaf phases sprayed 55% is poisoned with poison
Tick pest control, 10 leaf phase plant compartments open cave deep placement ear manuer and intertillage is hoed up weeds, and 12 leaf phases sprayed 75% Bravo+3%
Zhongshengmycin controlling disease；
(4) ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method transplanting：12 leaf phase of corn, the plantation of field corn interval reserve the two rows transplanting come
Ciliate desert-grass seedling is transplanted by dislocation method, is then sprinkled profoundly water；
(5) ciliate desert-grass field management：After ciliate desert-grass Population formation, carried out in the annual 6 leaf phase of corn intertillage hoe up weeds and
Ridging is primary, and it is primary that the 10 leaf phase of corn combines corn top dressing to apply fertilizer ciliate desert-grass；
(6) ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching：Ciliate desert-grass is cradled in corn harvesting the last week, is cradled
When toothing stake height be 10~15cm, after corn harvesting after, by maize straw be cut into length be 5~10cm section, uniform fold
On ciliate desert-grass stubble stake to after cradling；
(7) plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization：The region being available after corn harvesting, waits for the lower season kind of corn
With mini-tiller to soil rotary tillage when plant, be then repeated in again trench digging bar basal dressing in step (1), step (2), step (3),
Step (5) and step (6) carry out the sustainable utilization of the plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass.
Preferably, the depth of the soil subsoiling is 40~50cm, and the depth turned over is 30~35cm, the rotary tillage
Depth be 20~25cm, the soil block it is smooth it is fine crushing be less than or equal to 3cm for maximum soil block diameter, it is described enclose ditch depth be 40~
50cm, the ditch depth that the machinery is equidistantly ditched are 8~10cm, line-spacing 60cm.
Preferably, the application corn base manure be by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer according to 10.0kg/ mus of urea,
After the sowing amount precise of 7.0kg/ mus of 40.0kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer, it is sufficiently mixed and stirs evenly, every
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in maize seed planting ditch every two rows.
Preferably, the contracting strain dense plantingization sowing refers to reducing corn seeding spacing in the rows, and corn Field densities is made to be not less than
4500 plants/acre, the thickness of earth covering be 5~8cm, the sprinkling corn preemergence herbicide for using 50% missible oil Acetochlor according to
Even spraying is in soil surface after 150~200ml/ mus of dilutions.
Preferably, it is to apply nitrogenous 46.3% 10.0kg/ mus of urea and containing potassium that the compartment, which opens cave deep placement ear manuer,
7.0kg/ mus of 50.0% potassium chloride goes out both the above fertilizer amount according to field areal calculation, then fills the fertilizer weighed up
It is applied again after dividing mixing, fertilizer is applied among 2 row corns, first special-purpose soil card punch is used to punch one every one plant before fertilising, by
Fertilizer is uniformly applied in hole, then covers hole with fine earth again.
Preferably, the ciliate desert-grass seedling is seedling 15~20cm of plant height, the ciliate desert-grass seedling that effective tillering is 3~5, institute
The dislocation method transplanting of ciliate desert-grass seedling is stated at interval of 2 row corns, to transplant 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings, the line-spacing of 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings is
60cm, spacing in the rows 22.0cm, Field densities are 2500 plants/acre or so, and the dislocation method is that 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings are moved by dislocation mode
It plants.
Preferably, urea 5.0kg/ mu of the ciliate desert-grass fertilising to apply nitrogenous N 46.3% and K containing potassium2O's 50.0%
3.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride first calculates both the above fertilizer amount, the fertilizer that then will be weighed up according to the real area in target plot
Material is applied again after being sufficiently mixed, and fertilizer is applied among 2 row ciliate desert-grass, is first ditched before fertilising, ditch depth 8cm or so uniformly applies fertilizer
In bar ditch, then earthing again.
Preferably, the mini-tiller rotary tillage soil 1.0~1.5m of breadth, rotary tillage depth are 15~20cm.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) interplanting corn ciliate desert-grass row ratio presses minimum row than 2 in the present invention:2, i.e., 2 row Wu are planted again at interval of 2 row corns
Centipede grass, this has given full play to the field integrated ecosystem effect of long-stalked crop corn and plant ciliate desert-grass solid growth of short stem, a side
Face enhances maize population edge effect, is conducive to volume increase, is on the other hand lower layer tolerant plant Wu by expanding corn planting line-spacing
Centipede grass provides good masking agricultural ecological microenvironment.The 12 leaf phase of corn transplants ciliate desert-grass, at this time the high soil of maize population closure
Earth water content is high, is revival from transplanting for lower layer ciliate desert-grass and provides good ecological environment.
(2) present invention pollutes arable land progress Subsoiler using soil deep-loosening machine to heavy metal arsenic, after this will be conducive to transplanting
Aerial part anniversary grass yield is pricked and increased under ciliate desert-grass root system.Corn base manure is applied by machinery trench digging, first, saving people
The labour cost of power trench digging is conducive to root system and absorbs, enhance the corn nourishment phase second is that base manure row replacement can concentrate fertilizer in corn root
Growth and development improves plant resistance.Corn seeding is close by expanding row contracting spacing in the rows, staying single plant that can effectively improve maize population per cave
Degree enhances individual plants quality, creates conditions for corn with high yield.Corn ear manuer can effectively reduce fertilizer using cave deep placement method is opened
Earth's surface is volatilized and waste, promotes root system and fertilizer is absorbed and utilized, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, and then improve corn yield.
(3) present invention in ciliate desert-grass transplanting plantation press dislocation method, this will optimization build up after ciliate desert-grass group on the ground and ground
Lower part spatial characteristics are conducive to improve ciliate desert-grass anniversary biology grass yield and total to heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic absorption and accumulation
Amount.Toothing can provide certain matter energy source for ciliate desert-grass when second year is turned green when ciliate desert-grass cradles, while can also have
Effect protection ciliate desert-grass sprouts young shoot.Maize straw segment is covered in ciliate desert-grass stubble stake, and the soil water can be effectively reduced in dry season
Divide additional issue, improves soil moisture and temperature, turn green and survive conducive to the ciliate desert-grass coming year.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the corn seeding schematic diagram of interplanting corn ciliate desert-grass cropping pattern；
Fig. 2 is corn field planting specification and applies ear manuer position view；
Fig. 3 is that the ciliate desert-grass of interplanting corn ciliate desert-grass cropping pattern transplants schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is enumerated below, to this hair
Bright further description.However, it is necessary to illustrate, many details listed in specification are used for the purpose of making reader to this
There are one thorough explanations for the one or more aspects of invention, can also realize the present invention's even without these specific details
These aspects.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, includes the following steps：
(1) soil subsoiling and trench digging row replacement corn base manure：Selection one piece of Yunnan mining area periphery heavy metal arsenic seriously pollutes
Crops arable land block carries out mechanical site preparation to the arable land of pollution with the handing-over phase in rainy season in the dry season in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, makes
Soil subsoiling and turn over the plough with deep soil loosing shovel, the depth of subsoiling is 40cm, after subsoiling is turned over, then is revolved with rotary cultivator
Soil is ploughed, rotary tillage depth 20cm, maximum soil block diameter should be less than 3cm on the soil after rotary tillage, to make field reach smooth thin
Broken effect.After soil rotary tillage, then to field surrounding ditch, ditch depth 40cm, furrow width 30cm, be convenient for rainy season when field drainage to prevent
Flooded stain.In mid or late May, when selecting fine, antecedent soil moisture water shortage, mechanical trench digging, row are carried out in whole good field
Away from 60cm, ditch depth 8cm.After ditch is held successfully, plan at interval of 2 row seeding corns, and is about to centipede to be transplanted at interval of 2 to be available
Grass seeds seedling.2 rows of seeding corn apply 10.0kg/ mus of urea, 40.0kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer in ditch respectively
7.0kg/ mu.When fertilising, three of the above fertilizer amount is calculated according to real area, then fully stirs weigh up three kinds of fertilizer
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch again after mixing mixing.And what interval was available will transplant that 2 row of ciliate desert-grass seedling, not apply fertilizer in ditch, such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
(2) corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing：Safe kind of the corn kernel to the low accumulation of heavy metal arsenic is selected, before sowing
Artificial elite corn seed, removal, which obviously carries, goes mouldy and damaged corn kernel.After seed cleaning, with 12.5% cyfluthrin chrysanthemum
80 milliliters of ester suspending agent is dressed seed.When seed dressing, first by liquid water mixing, then by seed fall it is into the liquid stir evenly, heap
It is sowed after bored 2 hours, subterranean pest-insect can be prevented, corn kernel is endangered, improve corn Seedling emergence rate, and then increase corn production
Amount.When sowing, spacing in the rows 12cm ensures that corn Field densities are not less than 4500 plants/acre per bunch planting kind 2.After planting earthing covers
Soil thickness 5cm.After earthing, immediately with 50% missible oil Acetochlor herbicide per acre 150ml be watered dilution after even spraying soil table, with
It waits emerging.
(3) corn nourishment phase intensified culturing：Thinning and final singling are carried out when the 3 leaf phase of corn, removes weak seedling and seedling, are protected per cave
Stay 1 plant of healthy and strong seedling；When the 5 leaf phase of corn, annual grassy weeds is prevented using 25% nitre sulphur atrazine；8 leaf phases used 55%
Chlorine cyanogen chlopyrifos prevent corn insect pest；12 leaf phases prevented maize diseases using 75%+3% Zhongshengmycin of Bravo；10
The leaf phase imposes ear manuer, 10.0kg/ mus of the urea and 7.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride containing potassium 50.0% for applying nitrogenous 46.3%, according to reality
Area first calculates both the above fertilizer amount, is applied again after being then sufficiently mixed the fertilizer weighed up, and ear manuer is applied in 2 row corns
Centre first uses special-purpose soil card punch to punch one every one plant, fertilizer is uniformly applied within hole, is then tied again before fertilising
It closes cultivation and banking and covers hole, as shown in Figure 2.
(4) ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method transplanting：To the 12 leaf phase of corn, when ciliate desert-grass seedling plant height reaches 15cm, effectively point
When tiller reaches 3, ciliate desert-grass seedling is transplanted in 2 rows that corn field is available.Before transplanting, the withered of ciliate desert-grass seedling is first removed
Branch and yellow leaf, sprinkle profoundly water after transplanting, are conducive to field and survive go back seedling.Line-spacings are transplanted when plantation etc., at interval of 2 row corns, transplanting 2
The line-spacing of row ciliate desert-grass seedling, 2 row seedlings is 60cm, spacing in the rows 22.0cm, ensures that Field densities reach 2500 plants/acre, and 2 rows
Ciliate desert-grass dislocation type is transplanted, as shown in Figure 3.
(5) ciliate desert-grass field management：After ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, after ciliate desert-grass Population formation, in 6 leaf of annual corn
Phase hoes up weeds once in conjunction with cultivation and banking, and it is primary that the 10 leaf phase of corn combines corn ear manuer to apply fertilizer ciliate desert-grass, applies nitrogenous N 46.3%
5.0kg/ mus of urea and K containing potassium23.0kg/ mus of the potassium chloride of O 50.0%, fertilizer are applied among 2 row ciliate desert-grass, before applying fertilizer first
Trench digging, ditch depth 8cm or so uniformly applies fertilizer in bar ditch, then earthing again.
(6) ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching：The last week of corn harvesting manually cradles ciliate desert-grass and plants on the ground
Strain, height for the stubble left 12cm when harvesting, and be sure not to injure the tiller bud newly issued, harvested ciliate desert-grass plant is packaged into
Then bundle carries out harmless to environment processing.Maize straw is cut into length by harvesting corn fruit ear when corn maturation with cutting grass knife
The segment of 5cm, uniform fold to harvested ciliate desert-grass stubble stake on, will be played in next dry season moisturizing drought resisting, prevent
The effect of freezing, the crop field for being conducive to ciliate desert-grass next year are turned green seedling.
(7) plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization：The two row regions that reserve after corn harvesting, wait for second year after
Continuous cycle maize planting joins the phase, the two row regions reserved to sky in dry season in the first tenday period of a month late April to May and the rainy season of second year
Using mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, rotary tillage breadth 1m, depth 15cm make that the maize planting region is smooth, soil is fine crushing after rotary tillage.Extremely
When mid or late May rainy season set, it is then repeated in trench digging bar basal dressing in step (1), step (2), step (3), step again
Suddenly (5) and step (6).
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, includes the following steps：
(1) soil subsoiling and trench digging row replacement corn base manure：Selection one piece of Yunnan mining area periphery heavy metal arsenic seriously pollutes
Crops arable land block carries out mechanical site preparation, using with deep soil loosing shovel in dry season and the handing-over phase in rainy season in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May
Plough soil subsoiling and turn over, the depth of subsoiling is 45cm, and ploughed depth 35cm after subsoiling is turned over, then uses rotary cultivator
Rotary tillage soil, rotary tillage depth 23cm, maximum soil block diameter is less than 3cm on the soil after rotary tillage, to make field reach smooth thin
Broken effect.After soil rotary tillage, then to field surrounding ditch, ditch depth 45cm, furrow width 30cm, be convenient for rainy season when field drainage to prevent
Flooded stain.In mid or late May, when selecting fine, antecedent soil moisture water shortage, mechanical trench digging, line-spacing are carried out in whole good field
60cm, ditch depth 9cm.After ditch is held successfully, plan at interval of 2 row seeding corns, and centipede is transplanted in next step at interval of 2 rows being available
Grass seeds seedling.2 rows of seeding corn apply 10.0kg/ mus of urea, 40.0kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer in ditch respectively
7.0kg/ mu.When fertilising, three of the above fertilizer amount is calculated according to real area, then fully stirs weigh up three kinds of fertilizer
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch again after mixing mixing.And what interval was available will transplant that 2 row of ciliate desert-grass seedling, not apply fertilizer in ditch, such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
(2) corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing：Kind of the corn kernel to the low accumulation of heavy metal arsenic is selected, it is artificial before sowing
Elite corn seed, removal is gone mouldy and damaged corn seed.After seed cleaning, with 12.5% cyfloxylate suspending agent 120
Milliliter is dressed seed.When seed dressing, first by liquid water mixing, then by seed fall it is into the liquid stir evenly, heap is broadcast after bored 3 hours
Kind, subterranean pest-insect can be prevented, corn seed is endangered, improve corn Seedling emergence rate.When sowing, spacing in the rows 12cm, per bunch planting kind 2
Grain ensures that corn Field densities are not less than 4500 plants/acre.After planting earthing, thickness of earth covering 7cm.After earthing, immediately with 50% breast
175ml is watered even spraying soil table after dilution to oily Acetochlor herbicide per acre, to wait emerging.
(3) corn nourishment phase intensified culturing：Thinning and final singling are carried out when the 3 leaf phase of corn, removes weak seedling and seedling, are protected per cave
Stay 1 plant of healthy and strong seedling；When the 5 leaf phase of corn, annual grassy weeds is prevented using 25% nitre sulphur atrazine；8 leaf phases used 55%
Chlorine cyanogen chlopyrifos prevent corn insect pest；12 leaf phases prevented maize diseases using 75%+3% Zhongshengmycin of Bravo；10
The leaf phase imposes ear manuer, 10.0kg/ mus of the urea and 7.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride containing potassium 50.0% for applying nitrogenous 46.3%, according to reality
Area first calculates both the above fertilizer amount, is applied again after being then sufficiently mixed the fertilizer weighed up, and ear manuer is applied in 2 row corns
Centre first uses special-purpose soil card punch to punch one every one plant, fertilizer is uniformly applied within hole, is then tied again before fertilising
It closes cultivation and banking and covers hole, as shown in Figure 2.
(4) ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method transplanting：The 12 leaf phase of corn, when ciliate desert-grass seedling plant height reaches 18cm, effective tillering
When reaching 4, ciliate desert-grass seedling is transplanted in 2 rows that corn field is available.Before transplanting, the deadwood of ciliate desert-grass seedling is first removed
And yellow leaf, it is sprinkled profoundly water after transplanting, is conducive to field and survives go back seedling.Line-spacings are transplanted when plantation etc., at interval of 2 row corns, transplant 2 rows
The line-spacing of ciliate desert-grass seedling, 2 row seedlings is 60cm, spacing in the rows 22.0cm, ensures that Field densities reach 2500 plants/acre, and 2 row Wu
Centipede grass dislocation type is transplanted, as shown in Figure 3.
(5) ciliate desert-grass field management：After ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, after ciliate desert-grass Population formation, in 6 leaf of annual corn
Phase hoes up weeds once in conjunction with cultivation and banking, and it is primary that the 10 leaf phase of corn combines corn ear manuer to apply fertilizer ciliate desert-grass, applies nitrogenous N 46.3%
5.0kg/ mus of urea and K containing potassium23.0kg/ mus of the potassium chloride of O 50.0%, fertilizer are applied among 2 row ciliate desert-grass, before applying fertilizer first
Trench digging, ditch depth 8cm or so uniformly applies fertilizer in bar ditch, then earthing again.
(6) ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching：The last week of corn harvesting manually cradles ciliate desert-grass and plants on the ground
Strain, height for the stubble left 12cm when harvesting, and be sure not to injure the tiller bud newly issued, harvested ciliate desert-grass plant is packaged into
Then bundle carries out harmless to environment processing.Maize straw is cut into length by harvesting corn fruit ear when corn maturation with cutting grass knife
The segment of 7cm, uniform fold to harvested ciliate desert-grass stubble stake on, will be played in next dry season moisturizing drought resisting, prevent
The effect of freezing, the crop field for being conducive to ciliate desert-grass next year are turned green seedling.
(7) plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization：The two row regions that reserve after corn harvesting, wait for second year after
Continuous cycle maize planting joins the phase, the two row regions reserved to sky in dry season in the first tenday period of a month late April to May and the rainy season of second year
Using mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, rotary tillage breadth 1.2m, depth 18cm make that the maize planting region is smooth, soil is fine crushing after rotary tillage.
When to mid or late May rainy season set, be then repeated in again trench digging bar basal dressing in step (1), step (2), step (3),
Step (5) and step (6).
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, includes the following steps：
(1) soil subsoiling and trench digging row replacement corn base manure：Selection one piece of Yunnan mining area periphery heavy metal arsenic seriously pollutes
Crops arable land block carries out mechanical site preparation to the arable land of pollution with the handing-over phase in rainy season in the dry season in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, makes
Soil subsoiling and turn over the plough with deep soil loosing shovel, the depth of subsoiling is 50cm, ploughed depth 35cm, and subsoiling is turned over
Afterwards, then with rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil, rotary tillage depth 25cm, maximum soil block diameter is less than 3cm on the soil after rotary tillage, to make field
Block achievees the effect that smooth fine crushing.After soil rotary tillage, then field surrounding is opened and encloses ditch, ditch depth 50cm, furrow width 30cm are convenient for rainy season
When field drainage with stain of preventing waterlogging.In mid or late May, when selecting fine, antecedent soil moisture, machinery is carried out in whole good field
Trench digging, line-spacing 60cm, ditch depth 10cm.After ditch is held successfully, plan at interval of 2 row seeding corns, and is about to want at interval of 2 to be available
Transplant ciliate desert-grass seedling.2 rows of seeding corn apply 10.0kg/ mus of urea, 40.0kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate and chlorination in ditch respectively
7.0kg/ mus of potash fertilizer.When fertilising, above 3 kinds of fertilizer amounts are calculated according to real area, it is then that weigh up 3 kinds of fertilizer are abundant
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch again after being stirred.And what interval was available will transplant that 2 row of ciliate desert-grass seedling, not apply fertilizer in ditch,
As shown in Figure 1.
(2) corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing：Kind of the corn kernel to the low accumulation of heavy metal arsenic is selected, it is artificial before sowing
Elite corn seed, removal is gone mouldy and damaged corn seed.After seed cleaning, with 12.5% cyfloxylate suspending agent 160
Milliliter is dressed seed.When seed dressing, first by liquid water mixing, then by seed fall it is into the liquid stir evenly, heap is broadcast after bored 4 hours
Kind, subterranean pest-insect can be prevented, corn kernel is endangered, improve corn Seedling emergence rate.When sowing, spacing in the rows 12cm, per bunch planting kind 2
Grain ensures that corn Field densities are not less than 4500 plants/acre.After planting earthing, thickness of earth covering 8cm.After earthing, immediately with 50% breast
200ml is watered even spraying soil table after dilution to oily Acetochlor preemergence herbicide per acre, to wait emerging.
(3) corn nourishment phase intensified culturing：Thinning and final singling are carried out when the 3 leaf phase of corn, removes weak seedling and seedling, are protected per cave
Stay 1 plant of healthy and strong seedling；When the 5 leaf phase of corn, annual grassy weeds is prevented using 25% nitre sulphur atrazine；8 leaf phases used 55%
Chlorine cyanogen chlopyrifos prevent corn insect pest；12 leaf phases prevented maize diseases using 75%+3% Zhongshengmycin of Bravo；10
The leaf phase imposes ear manuer, 10.0kg/ mus of the urea and 7.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride containing potassium 50.0% for applying nitrogenous 46.3%, according to reality
Area first calculates both the above fertilizer amount, is applied again after being then sufficiently mixed the fertilizer weighed up, and ear manuer is applied in 2 row corns
Centre first uses special-purpose soil card punch to punch one every one plant, fertilizer is uniformly applied within hole, is then tied again before fertilising
It closes cultivation and banking and covers hole, as shown in Figure 2.
(4) ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method transplanting：The 12 leaf phase of corn, when ciliate desert-grass seedling plant height reaches 15cm, effective tillering
When reaching 5, ciliate desert-grass seedling is transplanted in 2 rows that corn field is available.Before transplanting, the deadwood of ciliate desert-grass seedling is first removed
And yellow leaf, it is sprinkled profoundly water after transplanting, is conducive to field and survives go back seedling.Line-spacings are transplanted when plantation etc., at interval of 2 row corns, transplant 2 rows
The line-spacing of ciliate desert-grass seedling, 2 row seedlings is 60cm, spacing in the rows 22.0cm, ensures that Field densities reach 2500 plants/acre, and 2 row Wu
Centipede grass dislocation type is transplanted, as shown in Figure 3.
(5) ciliate desert-grass field management：After ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, after ciliate desert-grass Population formation, in 6 leaf of annual corn
Phase hoes up weeds once in conjunction with cultivation and banking, and it is primary that the 10 leaf phase of corn combines corn ear manuer to apply fertilizer ciliate desert-grass, applies nitrogenous N 46.3%
5.0kg/ mus of urea and K containing potassium23.0kg/ mus of the potassium chloride of O 50.0%, fertilizer are applied among 2 row ciliate desert-grass, before applying fertilizer first
Trench digging, ditch depth 8cm or so uniformly applies fertilizer in bar ditch, then earthing again.
(6) ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching：The last week of corn harvesting manually cradles ciliate desert-grass and plants on the ground
Strain, height for the stubble left 15cm when harvesting, and be sure not to injure the tiller bud newly issued, harvested ciliate desert-grass plant is packaged into
Then bundle carries out harmless to environment processing.Maize straw is cut into length by harvesting corn fruit ear when corn maturation with cutting grass knife
The segment of 10cm, uniform fold to harvested ciliate desert-grass stubble stake on, will be played in next dry season moisturizing drought resisting, prevent
The effect of freezing, the crop field for being conducive to ciliate desert-grass next year are turned green seedling.
(7) plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization：The two row regions that reserve after corn harvesting, wait for second year after
Continuous cycle maize planting joins the phase, the two row regions reserved to sky in dry season in the first tenday period of a month late April to May and the rainy season of second year
Using mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, rotary tillage breadth 1.3m, depth 20cm make that the maize planting region is smooth, soil is fine crushing after rotary tillage.
When to mid or late May rainy season set, be then repeated in again trench digging bar basal dressing in step (1), step (2), step (3),
Step (5) and step (6).
Embodiment 4
In corn seeding, away from using local farmers tradition planting habit, spacing in the rows 40cm is waited for corn plants per cave kind 3
After emergence of corn, double strains are stayed per cave by thinning and final singling, without opening cave deep fertilizer spraying when corn imposes ear manuer, but
Fertilizer is equably sprinkling upon on the soil surface of corn in the ranks.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
In corn seeding, away from using local farmers tradition planting habit, spacing in the rows 40cm is waited for corn plants per cave kind 4
After emergence of corn, double strains are stayed per cave by thinning and final singling, without opening cave deep fertilizer spraying when corn imposes ear manuer, but
Fertilizer is equably sprinkling upon on the soil surface of corn in the ranks.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6
In corn seeding, for corn plants away from local farmers tradition planting habit is used, i.e. spacing in the rows is 40cm, per cave kind 4,
After emergence of corn, double strains are stayed per cave by thinning and final singling, without opening cave deep fertilizer spraying when corn imposes ear manuer, and
It is that fertilizer is intensively applied on the soil surface at each plant of plant 3cm before raining.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 7
It in ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, does not push the wrong displacement cultivation, but vertical setting of types location type is used to transplant, i.e. two row ciliate desert-grass pair
Neat plantation, after corn harvesting, maize straw recycling, ciliate desert-grass is without improving straw mulching.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
It in ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, does not push the wrong displacement cultivation, but vertical setting of types location type is used to transplant, i.e. two row ciliate desert-grass pair
Neat plantation, after corn harvesting, maize straw is partially recycled, and remaining corn stem leaf is placed on corn-growing regions, ciliate desert-grass without
Improving straw mulching.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9
It in ciliate desert-grass kind transplantation of seedlings, does not push the wrong displacement cultivation, but vertical setting of types location type is used to transplant, i.e. two row ciliate desert-grass pair
Neat plantation, after corn harvesting, maize straw is partially recycled, and remaining corn stem leaf is placed on corn-growing regions, ciliate desert-grass without
Improving straw mulching.
Other implementations of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 3.
Above example is divided into three groups, wherein embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 is implementation group I, embodiment 4,
Embodiment 5 and embodiment 6 are implementation group II, 9 implementation group III of embodiment 7, embodiment 8 and embodiment, calculate embodiment 1~reality
Apply corn production seed amount, rate of being revival from transplanting in a ciliate desert-grass lower season, ciliate desert-grass annual production and the relatively upper season heavy metal-polluted soil of example 9
Arsenic content fall, and the average value of implementation group I, implementation group II and implementation group III are calculated, the data obtained is as shown in table 1：
The corn and centipede Herbage harvest and remediation contaminated soil effect of the different implementation groups of table 1
Note：Numerical value upper right target lowercase letter difference in 95% confidence interval reaches the level of signifiance.
As shown in Table 1, implementation group II is planted due to corn by local farmers traditional habit in implementation process, although per cave
Double strains are stayed, but still cannot effectively make up the reduction for forming spike number because of thin planting, corn top dressing in addition still uses local soil
The mode that earth surface is spread fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer waste is serious, and utilization rate of fertilizer declines, and the above both sides reason directly results in the implementation
Corn yield under group is substantially less than implementation group I, the underproduction 45.5%.And dislocation cultivation is pressed in the ciliate desert-grass cultivation of implementation group II,
Corn harvesting after stalk segment and be covered in ciliate desert-grass stubble stake on, ciliate desert-grass whole year biological yield is not remarkably decreased, to make
The heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic content fall under the implementation group is obtained compared with implementation group I without substantially reducing, regulation effect is apparent.
III is in implementation process for implementation group, and ciliate desert-grass transplanting selects counter-point cultivation without pressing dislocation method, and
Stalk has selected whole recycling or partially recycled, corn stem to be not covered with the stubble stake of the ciliate desert-grass after cradling after corn harvesting
On, to inhibit the growth and development of ciliate desert-grass aerial part, accelerate dry season soil water evaporation so that in ciliate desert-grass dry season
Soil is not retained, does not keep the temperature, cause next season ciliate desert-grass be revival from transplanting rate relatively implement I be remarkably decreased, ciliate desert-grass whole year biological production
Amount falls sharply, and then is substantially reduced the absorption regulation effect to heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic.
In conclusion being remarkably improved maize grain yield in strict accordance with the step in implementation group I, ciliate desert-grass is revival from transplanting
Rate and ciliate desert-grass anniversary biological yield, hence it is evident that absorption regulation effect of the enhancing ciliate desert-grass to heavy metal-polluted soil arsenic.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) soil subsoiling and trench digging apply corn base manure：Subsoiling is carried out to field with soil subsoiling Cultivator and is turned over, then using rotation
The machine of ploughing carries out rotary tillage to soil, keeps field soil block smooth fine crushing, and field surrounding, which is opened, after rotary tillage encloses ditch, and machinery is carried out in field
Equidistant trench digging, then applies corn base manure at interval of two rows；
(2) corn contracting strain dense planting optimization sowing：The corn variety of the low accumulation of heavy metal arsenic is selected, removal is gone mouldy and damaged corn
Seed, after liquid seed dressing and 2~4h of the bored processing of heap, the seeding corn in field applies corn base manure row, by expansion row, contracting strain
Dense planting seeding method sprays corn preemergence herbicide after earthing immediately again；
(3) corn nourishment phase intensified culturing：It waits for that corn grows to 3 leaf phase of corn removing weak seedling and seedling, 1 plant of stalwartness is retained per cave
Seedling, the nitre sulphur atrazine that 5 leaf phases in the ranks sprayed 25% carry out chemical weed control, and the chlorine cyanogen chlopyrifos that 8 leaf phases sprayed 55% is anti-
Insect pest is controlled, 10 leaf phase plant compartments open cave deep placement ear manuer and intertillage is hoed up weeds, and 12 leaf phases sprayed in 75% Bravo+3%
Raw rhzomorph controlling disease；
(4) ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method transplanting：12 leaf phase of corn, the plantation of field corn interval reserve the two rows transplanting centipede come
Grass seeds seedling is transplanted by dislocation method, is then sprinkled profoundly water；
(5) ciliate desert-grass field management：After ciliate desert-grass Population formation, intertillage is carried out in the annual 6 leaf phase of corn and hoes up weeds and earths up
Once, the 10 leaf phase of corn combines corn top dressing to apply fertilizer ciliate desert-grass primary；
(6) ciliate desert-grass toothing cradles and maize straw residue mulching：Ciliate desert-grass is cradled in corn harvesting the last week, is stayed when cradling
Stubble stake height is 10~15cm, after corn harvesting, maize straw is cut into the section that length is 5~10cm, uniform fold is to cutting
On ciliate desert-grass stubble stake after cutting；
(7) plantation of corn cycle and ciliate desert-grass sustainable utilization：The region being available after corn harvesting, when corn lower season plantation
With mini-tiller to soil rotary tillage, it is then repeated in trench digging bar basal dressing in step (1), step (2), step (3), step again
(5) and step (6), progress corn recycle the sustainable utilization of plantation and ciliate desert-grass.
2. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The depth of soil subsoiling is 40~50cm, and the depth turned over is 30~35cm, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 20~25cm, institute
State soil block it is smooth it is fine crushing be less than or equal to 3cm for maximum soil block diameter, the ditch depth that encloses is 40~50cm, the equidistant trench digging of machinery
Ditch depth be 8~10cm, line-spacing 60cm.
3. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Apply corn base manure be by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer according to 10.0kg/ mus of urea, 40.0kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate and
It after the sowing amount precise of 7.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride fertilizer, is sufficiently mixed and stirs evenly, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in jade at interval of two rows
In rice kind planting ditch.
4. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The sowing of contracting strain dense plantingization refers to reducing corn seeding spacing in the rows, so that corn Field densities is not less than 4500 plants/acre, the thickness of earth covering
For 5~8cm, the sprinkling corn preemergence herbicide is using 50% missible oil Acetochlor according to equal after 150~200ml/ mus of dilutions
It is even to sparge soil surface.
5. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
It is 10.0kg/ mus of urea for applying nitrogenous 46.3% and 7.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride containing potassium 50.0% that compartment, which opens cave deep placement ear manuer,
Go out both the above fertilizer amount according to field areal calculation, applied again after being then sufficiently mixed the fertilizer weighed up, fertilizer is applied in 2 rows
Among corn, first special-purpose soil card punch is used to punch one every one plant before fertilising, fertilizer is uniformly applied in hole, then again
Hole is covered with fine earth.
6. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Ciliate desert-grass seedling is seedling 15~20cm of plant height, the ciliate desert-grass seedling that effective tillering is 3~5, the ciliate desert-grass seedling dislocation method
Transplanting is, at interval of 2 row corns, the line-spacing of 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings of transplanting, 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings is 60cm, spacing in the rows 22.0cm, field
Between density be 2500 plants/acre or so, the dislocation method be 2 row ciliate desert-grass seedlings transplanted by dislocation mode.
7. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Urea 5.0kg/ mu of the ciliate desert-grass fertilising to apply nitrogenous N 46.3% and K containing potassium23.0kg/ mus of the potassium chloride of O 50.0%, according to
The real area in target plot first calculates both the above fertilizer amount, is applied again after being then sufficiently mixed the fertilizer weighed up, fertilizer
Material is applied among 2 row ciliate desert-grass, is first ditched before fertilising, and ditch depth 8cm or so uniformly applies fertilizer in bar ditch, then earthing again.
8. a kind of cultural method recycling ciliate desert-grass interplanting corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Mini-tiller rotary tillage soil 1.0~1.5m of breadth, rotary tillage depth are 15~20cm.
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Application publication date: 20181106 |