The content of the invention
The grain quality of high-yield and high-efficiency and the defect of peanut interplanting technique method can not be provided in order to solve prior art, this
A kind of millet peanut summer sowing intercropping method of the invention there is provided high-yield and high-efficiency.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grain quality and peanut interplanting technique method, there is provided millet and the total yield of peanut
Amount and total economic benefit, efficiently using soil, increase the aggregated capacity in soil, while using peanut nitrogen fixation, saving fertilizer.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of millet peanut summer sowing intercropping method of high-yield and high-efficiency, it is characterised in that:Make to refer to the summer between the millet peanut summer sowing
It is 2 to broadcast millet peanut row ratio:2;Millet is flat to be made, peanut ridge culture, the high 10cm of peanut ridge;Millet line-spacing 40cm, the cm of spacing in the rows 3.3;Flower
Raw row spacing 85 cm, hill spacing 15cm;The cm of distance 30 between millet row and peanut ridge;Millet row and peanut ridge bandwidth 1.85m altogether;
50000 plants/acre of millet solid density, the solid density plant/acre of peanut 10000.
Selection millet-peanut stripping field high yield plot should meet three conditions:
1)The plot of peanut should be selected not plant at least 1 year;And it is required that 50 centimetres of root zones and 20 centimetres of solid layers
Soil types is fertile light sandy loam;
2)The physical and chemical index of peanut plot soil should meet following condition:1.2~1.3 grams per cubic centimeter of the soil weight, total hole
Porosity 50% or so, organic matter more than 1.0%, full nitrogen 0.06%~0.09%, full phosphorus 0.05%~0.09%;Hydrolyzed in per kilogram soil sample
50~90 milligrams of nitrogen, 22~66 milligrams of rapid available phosphorus, 55~90 milligrams of available potassium, 1.4-2.5 grams of calcium of replacement property;
3)Physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, non-irrigated level land more than middle fertility, gentle slope,
One water, irrigated land, irrigating facility is complete, and water drainage is convenient.
It is preferred that, intercropping plant plot spring or autumn deep ploughing 20-25cm.
It is preferred that, peanut seeding is stable by more than 12 DEG C with 5cm ground temperature, and date of seeding is in April 25 to May 10;
Millet is sowed when ground temperature stabilization is at 8-10 DEG C, typically in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May.
It is preferred that, peanut varieties selection is suitable to the local high-quality cultivated, high yield, high anti-new varieties as main breed,
Millet variety selection is adapted to local safety maturation, strong stress resistance, the kind of high yield and high quality.
It is furthermore preferred that peanut varieties selection flower educates 25, millet variety selection Ji paddy 20.
It is preferred that, 3-4 centimetres of peanut seeding depth, and overlay film;Deep ditching, the method for shallow earthing are taken in millet sowing, with
Beneficial to emerging, thickness of earth covering is generally 3-4cm, and overlay film.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides the specific method made between grain quality and peanut, process provides the row of millet and peanut ratio, strain
Line-spacing, row spacing, are easy to operation.
Planted according to intercropping method of the present invention, total output and total high financial profit.
The millet of this law intercropping method plantation, spike weight is significantly improved, and stem is thick, spike length is improved.Compared with millet nonoculture,
Each deals with millet Weight per plant and improves, and it is maximum to bring up again high ratio with stalk weight and fringe.Compared with the control, each deals with
The proportion of grain ear is improved, stalk proportion is reduced, with paddy 2:2 processing highests.Single fringe increase, illustrates this intercropping method to paddy
The yield traits improvement of son plays an important roll.Stem is thick, plant weight and stalk are dramatically increased again, illustrates that this method improves millet
Biological character, is the biological basis of output increased.Stem slightly increases simultaneously, improves the lodging tolerance of millet, not only contributes to
Stable yields, is additionally beneficial to the stabilization of quality.The problems such as solving the underproduction and the quality decline that the incidental lodging of Xia Gu is caused.
Tested between the peanut millet summer sowing of embodiment 1
First, experimental design
Test site:Jinan, Shandong Province crop institute field trial.
Test material:Peanut(Flower educates 25), millet(Ji paddy 20).
Test process is designed:Set and make 2 between millet nonoculture, peanut nonoculture, millet/peanut:2nd, 2 are made between millet/peanut:4、
Make 3 between millet/peanut:2nd, 3 are made between millet/peanut:4, make 4 between millet/peanut:2, millet/peanut 4:Make between 4,8 is a variety of altogether
Implant model.Experiment uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN.As shown in table 1.
Table 1:Different land use patterns facilities
Cropping pattern schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 8.
2nd, plot is selected
Selection millet-peanut stripping field high yield plot should meet three conditions:
1st, it should select not plant the plot of peanut at least 1 year.And it is required that 50 centimetres of root zones and 20 centimetres of solid layers
Soil types is fertile light sandy loam.
2nd, the physical and chemical index of peanut plot soil should meet following condition:1.2~1.3 grams per cubic centimeter of the soil weight,
Total porosity 50% or so, organic matter more than 1.0%, full nitrogen 0.06%~0.09%, full phosphorus 0.05%~0.09%.In per kilogram soil sample
50~90 milligrams of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 22~66 milligrams of rapid available phosphorus, 55~90 milligrams of available potassium, 1.4-2.5 grams of calcium of replacement property.
3rd, require that physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, non-irrigated level land more than middle fertility,
Gentle slope, a water, irrigated land, irrigating facility is complete, and water drainage is convenient.
3rd, experimental plot prepares
Peanut is the geocarpic crop that blooms on the ground, and topsoil will reach 20-25cm, 30cm not exceeded typically, by ploughing deeply site preparation
Reach deep, pine, edaphic condition living.It is peanut ridging preferably early unsuitable evening, general per 667m2Farm manure 3500kg, three elements are applied to answer
Hefei 30-40kg or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15-20kg, potassium sulfate 8-10kg.
Paddy field site preparation is preferably with autumn ploughing.Autumn deep ploughing can be improved soil texture, retained and conserved soil moisture, be beneficial to vegetable soil
Millet takes root, and makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, so as to improve yield.Spring ploughing is ploughed and harrows best immediately after being thawed with soil, and depth typically exists
20cm or so.Millet is based on organic fertilizer, per 667m2Apply farm manure 4000kg, three element compound fertilizer 20kg.
4th, seed selection and processing
The variety selection of peanut is suitable to the local high-quality cultivated, high yield, high anti-new varieties as main breed, and millet is optional
Select and be adapted to local safety maturation, strong stress resistance, the kind of high yield and high quality.
(1)Bask seeds seed selection
Peanut:It will be basked seeds before sowing in peanut kind tiling to dry soil threshing ground using sunlight, even shine peeling after 2-3d, enter
Row classification grain-by-grain seed selection, eliminates three level kinds.
Millet:Millet has an afterripening, and the seed chosen is shone into 2-3d before sowing, can fully after-ripening, while can both kill
Part germ on skin is planted, seed water absorbing capacity can be strengthened again, the germination percentage and germinating energy of seed is improved.
(2)Seed treatment
Peanut:In order to prevent disease from endangering peanut seed, emergence rate is improved, underground grub, wireworm etc. is reduced and nibbles peanut
Seed, to uncoated peanut seed, is generally available the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate seed dressing insect prevention of grain weight 0.3%, with grain weight 0.4%
Carbendazim seed dressing sterilization, it is also possible to which the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of grain weight 0.4% is dressed seed, and supplements peanut nutrition element, and raising is emerged
It is green.Or from high skilful complexing agent seed dressing, can be with fungi-proofing desinsection.
Millet:Seed is put into float in 10% salt solution and removes blighted grain, half blighted grain, and washes the viral spore on kind of shell off, then
Cleaned with clear water.Vexed kind of 12h of 0.3% Phoxim emulsion of grain weight is used prior to seeding, then with 0.3% metalaxyl of grain weight
Seed dressing preventing and treating poliosis can be sowed after 6-10h He Hei Miho are sick.
5th, sow
Peanut seeding is general stable by more than 12 DEG C with 5cm ground temperature, and date of seeding should be in April 25 to May 10;Millet
General to be sowed when ground temperature stabilization is at 8-10 DEG C, typically in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, in good time early sowing is wanted in the plot of good conditions for soil moisture.
Every mu of application rate is in 0.5kg or so, and depth of planting is suppressed 2-3 times typically in 3-4cm after broadcasting.
Peanut seeding:When soil moisture content is preferable(It is required that hold can be agglomerating for topsoil, hand rubbing loosely state), peanut can be with
Complete disposable sowing, fertilising, spray(Herbicide Acetochlor), overlay film(Mechanical planting).3-4 centimetres of peanut seeding depth,
If meeting spring drought, when soil moisture content is poor, first small water profit filling or sprinkling irrigation moisture creating, or take trench digging during sowing, punch and water what is sowed again
Sowed after method, moisture creating, must not broad irrigation, in order to avoid ground temperature gos up slow, cause to have broadcast the rotten kind of peanut and nest seedling phenomenon.
Millet is sowed:Deep ditching, the method for shallow earthing are taken, in favor of emerging, thickness of earth covering is generally 3-4cm.Machinery
Sowing, mechanical film, the disposable deep placement of chemical fertilizer, first open 20cm deep fertilizer spraying ditches, urea are equably applied in furrow, then applying
Water furrow planting at the both sides 20cm of fertile ditch, applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, accomplishes that seed manure is isolated.0.005- is used after suppression
0.008mm thickness breadth 80-90cm mulch film manually or mechanically overlay film.
Millet, peanut seeding standard are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1-Fig. 8.
6th, field management
(1)Peanut
Peanut is pushed up when native eardrum is just shown in greenery it is necessary to putting seedling in time in seedling.Seedling is careful when opening fenestra, and will be in fenestra
Top firming, can play a part of protection mulch film and draw a liter peanut cotylcdon section membrane.
Clear is carried out after peanut is emerged, depth is basseted with two panels cotyledon to be advisable, clear it is latter as per 667m2Increase
Production more than 10%.Ridging operation is carried out before field peanut has just sealed ridge or envelope ridge, shortens high section position fruit pin and buries distance, make fruit pin
Bury early.
Foliage application.If during seedling fertilizer deficiency, per 667m2Add 1kg urea with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40kg, or
2% calcium superphosphate 40kg solution sprays blade face, promotes seedling robust growth.
Tillage and weeding.Timely tillage and weeding, is carried out for the 1st time in seedling stage, and current intertillage is preferably shallow, loose table soil, prevents neck
Bury native excessive, influence collateral development;2nd intertillage, can be slightly deep in the nodule formation phase, general 6cm or so;3rd time at the florescence,
This avoids damage to fruit pin, depth 5cm or so.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The insects such as the smaller velvety chafer to peanut seedling stage can be prevented and treated with AVM.To peanut group
Phase aphid can use the 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of imidacloprid or Rogor.It is right
Bollworm and looper that 7 middle of the month, the first tenday period of a month in August occur(Bridging worm)It can be prevented and treated with AVM.Peanut underground is done harm to
Worm can by crop rotation, plough deeply and improve the soil, applying organic manure carry out,
Also phoxim particle disposal soil can be used prior to seeding.Peanut Major Diseases are leaf spot, can use 70% thiophanate methyl
1500 times of liquid, or 600-800 times of liquid of Bravo, or 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, spray 1 time, even every 7-10d
Spray 2-3 times.
(2)Millet
Early thinning.The best thinning time is the 3-5 leaf phases.
Tillage and weeding.The time of infertility general tillage and weeding 2-3 times.1st time intertillage combine between, final singling carry out, it is shallow hoe, it is broken
Soil, removing weeds.2nd intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, and the place for having irrigation conditions should combine progress of pouring water of topdressing, and intertillage will
It is deep, while being earthed up.3rd intertillage is carried out before envelope ridge, and intertillage depth is typically advisable with 4-5cm, and intertillage is removed except loosening the soil
It is careless outer, high ridging on ridge is also carried out, to promote root system development, lodging is prevented.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:0.3% metalaxyl of grain weight when the downy mildew of millet is sowed(Metalaxyl)Seed dressing preventing and treating;Grain
Seasonal febrile diseases can be prevented and treated with 6% 1000-1500 times of liquid sprayings of kasugarnycin wettable powder.Can to chilotraea infuscatellus, paddy flea beetle, mampava bipunctella
With 50% DDT EC, 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, only with 1 time.Or sprayed with 20% 2000 times of liquid of killing chrysanthemum ester
Reach prevention effect.Subterranean pest-insect phoxim pulvis is per 667m2With 1kg, fine earth 25kg is mixed, ploughs under in soil and prevents and treats with arable land.
7th, result of the test
1. the influence of pair millet, peanut yield and economic benefit
Fig. 9-12 is to make yield and economic benefit block diagram between millet peanut.As seen from the figure, with the single-phase ratio of paddy, each deals with
Millet yield is significantly reduced, with paddy 2:2 and paddy 3:The 2 processing ranges of decrease are minimum;With spending single-phase ratio, each deals with peanut production
Amount is significantly reduced, with paddy 2:2 and paddy 2:The 4 processing ranges of decrease are minimum.Single and spend single-phase ratio with paddy, each deals with total output
With paddy 2:2 processing highests, amplification is respectively 34.1%(Gu Dan)With 64.2%(Hua Dan).
Figure 13-14 is to make increasing benefit block diagram between millet peanut.As seen from the figure, with peanut nonoculture and millet nonoculture phase
Than each deals with the economic benefit that has been significantly increased, with paddy 2:Deal with highest between 2, every mu increase income respectively 513.7 yuan and
436.5 it is first.
Figure 15-17 is to make millet yield component block diagram between millet peanut.Compared with the control, each deals with millet
Spike weight significantly improve, with paddy 2:2 and paddy 2:4 intercropping mode spike weight highests.And between respectively handling, mass of 1000 kernel and go out paddy
Rate has no significant difference.
Figure 18-19 is to make millet economical character block diagram between millet peanut.Compared with millet nonoculture, each deals with millet
Stem is thick, spike length is improved, and deals with paddy 2:2nd, paddy 2:4 and paddy 3:2 (sides) are handled reaches significant difference with compareing.
Figure 20-21 is that the influence block diagram to each organ ratio of millet is dealt between difference.Compared with millet nonoculture, respectively
Between deal with millet Weight per plant and improve, it is maximum to bring up again high ratio with stalk weight and fringe.Compared with the control, each deals with and carries
The high proportion of grain ear, reduces stalk proportion, with paddy 2:2 processing highests.
8th, conclusion (of pressure testing)
Make between millet peanut with millet peanut 2:2 processing yield and increasing benefit highest, spike weight highest, stem is thick, spike length shows
Work property is improved, and substantially increases the proportion of grain ear.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of this patent, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, on the premise of the art of this patent principle is not departed from, some improvement and replacement can also be made, these improve and replaced
Also it should be regarded as the protection domain of this patent.