CN110178671A - The paddy rice planting method of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return - Google Patents
The paddy rice planting method of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return Download PDFInfo
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- CN110178671A CN110178671A CN201910613082.XA CN201910613082A CN110178671A CN 110178671 A CN110178671 A CN 110178671A CN 201910613082 A CN201910613082 A CN 201910613082A CN 110178671 A CN110178671 A CN 110178671A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The present invention provides the paddy rice planting methods of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return, belong to Rice Cropping technical field.It the described method comprises the following steps: straw chopping returning to the field, cutting height≤15cm of stalk；The length < 27cm of rice straw after chopping；The basal dressing in the field of returning total stalks into fields obtains the field of application base manure；Field after straw-returning is ploughed, the depth ploughed is 20~23cm；Field after ploughing carries out soaked field, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth；Water depth is the 1/3 of ploughing depth when mashing；Rice-cultivating rice shoot in field after mashing carries out fertilizer management and water management.Method provided by the invention improves the quality of returning total stalks into fields while providing the economic characters and yield of rice cultivation, and to cool, Mountain area returning total stalks into fields rice cultivation formulates effective standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical fields, and in particular to the Rice Cropping of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return
Method.
Background technique
Currently, in the case where other approach such as industrial circle are also extremely limited using the consumption of stalk, stalk full dose
Returning to the field is one of the best most effective way of rice straw comprehensive utilization.Rice straw total crop return can solve field and burn straw
The pollution of stalk bring and harm, and soil can be improved, culture fertility promotes the sound development of agricultural benign cycle.Therefore, root
According to current cool and cold climate rice straw returning to the field operation technique application situation and agriculture requirement, formulating straw-returning method is to improve water
Rice straw returning to the field quality and Economic Character of Rice and yield are significant.But due to rice straw total crop return during
There are still the caused returning to the field situations of low quality such as length is not up to standard, and returning to the field process is lack of standardization are shredded after such as gathering in.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Rice Cropping sides of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return
Method, by improving straw-returning quality to improve Economic Character of Rice and yield.
The present invention provides the paddy rice planting methods of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return, comprising the following steps:
1) to rice straw mincing and returning to the field, cutting height≤15cm of stalk；The length < of rice straw after chopping
27cm；
2) basal dressing in the field of returning total stalks into fields obtains the field of application base manure；
The base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The applied amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is followed successively by 60kg/ public affairs
Just, 23~46kg/ hectares and 18~36kg/ hectares；
3) field of application base manure in step 2) is ploughed, the depth ploughed is 20~23cm；
4) field after ploughing carries out soaked field, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth；Water depth is when mashing
The 1/3 of ploughing depth；
5) rice-cultivating rice shoot in the field in step 4) after mashing, carries out fertilizer management and water management.
Preferably, straw decomposing inoculant is applied when applying base manure in step 1)；The amount of application of the straw decomposing inoculant is 30
~45kg/ hectares, living bacteria count >=500,000,000/g of the straw decomposing inoculant.
Preferably, in step 3) in the field after the straw-returning improving straw mulching field coverage rate >=80%.
Preferably, the time in soaked field described in step 4) is 5~8d.
Preferably, the number of mashing described in step 4) is not less than 2 times.
Preferably, the kind of rice seedling includes 124~145 days ripe phases, the rice varieties with cold resistance in step 5).
Preferably, in step 5) when cultivation, the distance between rows and hills of the rice seedling is 30 × 20cm or 30 × 15cm.
Preferably, applying fertilizer in step 5) during fertilizer management includes nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively with evil
Nitrogenous fertilizer mends nitrogenous fertilizer and the application of fringe nitrogenous fertilizer；The evil nitrogenous fertilizer, mend nitrogenous fertilizer, fringe nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount be followed successively by 45kg/ hectares, 30kg/
Hectare and 15kg/ hectares；
The potash fertilizer is applied in the form of fringe potash fertilizer, and the amount of application of fringe potash fertilizer is 12~24kg/ hectares.
Preferably, the nitrogenous fertilizer includes ammonium nitrogen or urea；The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer includes phosphorus pentoxide；The potash fertilizer packet
Include potassium oxide.
Preferably, the method for the water management is as follows:
A. the water layer of 3~5cm depth is kept up to productive tiller stage from rice seedlings cultivating to field；
B. effective tillering amortization period, dry field is ventilated at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, until there is dry and cracked phenomenon in field face, it is deep to restore 3~5cm
Water layer；
C. panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage；
D. milk stage, to before harvesting, fills 2.5~3.5cm of depth shoaling layer, fills the shallow water next time again until falling and doing naturally
Layer, draining before harvesting, is dried.
The paddy rice planting method of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return provided by the invention, stubble is cut in control when rice harves
Height is less than 15cm, while controlling rice straw chopping length in 27cm hereinafter, guaranteeing that stalk sufficiently crushes, and not only contributes to mention
The ventilative performance of high soil water-retaining and also helping accelerates decomposed in the soil, is converted into the fertilizer that plant growth can utilize；
Base manure is applied after returning total stalks into fields, the amount of application of base manure keeps almost the same in total dose and not returning to the field fertilizer amount
On the basis of, according to nitrogen pick-up, subtract in the principle application field of phosphorus potassium；By ploughing, being beaten site preparation operation for broken section of embedment ground of stalk
In, realize the effect of the broken Horizon of soil, prepare for the transplanting of rice seedling；Moisture and fertilizer are carried out to rice seedling field after transplanting
Management guarantees rice fast-growth.It is demonstrated experimentally that using method rice cultivation provided by the invention, to Economic Character of Rice and
Yield has different degrees of raising.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that stalk floats situation after being beaten level land in the present invention, and wherein Fig. 1-A is to use mashing side provided by the invention
Rice transplanting scene photo after method site preparation；Fig. 1-B is using soaked field 1~2 day, and deep water soaked field carries out rice transplanting scene photo after mashing site preparation；
Fig. 2 is that returning total stalks into fields is ploughed different depth scene photo, and wherein Fig. 2-A is that returning total stalks into fields is ploughed depth
23cm or more routs up sandy soil soil layer scene photo, and Fig. 2-B is that the returning total stalks into fields depth 25cm or more that ploughs routs up plough sole scene
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides the paddy rice planting methods of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return, comprising the following steps:
1) to rice straw mincing and returning to the field, cutting height≤15cm of stalk；The length < of rice straw after chopping
27cm；
2) basal dressing in the field of returning total stalks into fields obtains the field of application base manure；
The base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The applied amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is followed successively by 60kg/ public affairs
Just, 23~46kg/ hectares and 18~36kg/ hectares；
3) field of application base manure in step 2) is ploughed, the depth ploughed is 20~23cm；
4) field after ploughing carries out soaked field, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth；Water depth when mashing
It is the 1/3 of ploughing depth；
5) rice-cultivating rice shoot in the field in step 4) after mashing, carries out fertilizer management and water management.
The present invention is by straw chopping returning to the field, cutting height≤15cm of stalk；The length < of rice straw after chopping
27cm。
In the present invention, in the field after the straw-returning improving straw mulching field coverage rate preferably >=80%.This
Invention is not particularly limited the operation of the straw chopping returning to the field, using straw-returning method known in the art.
In embodiments of the present invention, half feeding or full-feeding combine harvester are preferably used in rice harves.Combine harvester band straw chopping fills
It sets, cuts a batch above section straw chopping returning to the field.Cutting the highly preferred of stubble is 5~10cm.Chopping length qualification rate is no less than 90%.
The length of rice straw after chopping is preferably 10~20cm.
Present invention basal dressing in the field of returning total stalks into fields obtains the field of application base manure.
In the present invention, the base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The applied amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to
Secondary is 60kg/ hectares, 23~46kg/ hectares and 18~36kg/ hectares.The nitrogenous fertilizer preferably includes ammonium nitrogen or urea.Urea
The mass percentage of middle N is 46%.The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer preferably includes phosphorus pentoxide.The potash fertilizer preferably includes potassium oxide
Fertilizer, K in the oxidation potassic fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60%.N mass percentage 18%, P in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2O5
Mass percentage 46%.
In the present invention, straw decomposing inoculant is applied when applying base manure；The applied amount of the straw decomposing inoculant be 30~
45kg/ hectares, more preferably 45kg/ hectares.The straw decomposing inoculant living bacteria count preferably >=500,000,000/g.The straw decomposing
Agent using when be configured to aqueous solution, the mass concentration of straw decomposing inoculant aqueous solution is preferably 3kg/L.The straw decomposing inoculant is main
Ingredient bacillus, aspergillus niger and its active metabolite.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the straw decomposing inoculant, adopts
With straw decomposing inoculant known in the art.In embodiments of the present invention, the straw decomposing inoculant is purchased from the rich life of upper SeaBird
State Engineering Co., Ltd.The application of the straw decomposing inoculant is conducive to accelerate full dose stalk decomposed speed in the soil, improves straw
The utilization rate that broken section of stalk.
After applying base manure, the present invention ploughs the field after straw-returning, and the depth ploughed is 20-23cm.
In the present invention, it is preferred to be ploughed using mouldboard plow.The depth ploughed is 20~23cm, is conducive to improve
Paddy field water-retaining property guarantees the later periods cultivation technique such as soaked field time and mashing simultaneously.
After ploughing, the field after the present invention will plough carries out soaked field, soaked field water level to ploughing depth 20-23cm；When mashing
Water depth be ploughing depth 1/3.
In the present invention, the time in the soaked field is preferably 5~8d；Soaked field water level is to ploughing depth 20-23cm.It is described to beat
The number of slurry is preferably not less than 2 times.Mashing reaches hack, plays slurry for the first time；Second of mashing flattens emphatically field face, mashing
Field requires in rice straw embedment ground afterwards, the broken Horizon of soil.Crop field grading after water is whole, field difference of height should be less than 3cm.Machine
Just there is water layer in field face when inserting, and mud sediment, rice transplanter extrudes 1.5~2.5cm of water layer later to be advisable, this mashing water depth was both
It will not influence rice transplanting quality to be conducive to improve straw decomposing degree again.
After mashing, present invention rice-cultivating rice shoot in the field after mashing carries out fertilizer management and water management.
In the present invention, the kind of rice seedling preferably includes 124~145 days ripe phases, the rice varieties with cold resistance,
Such as lucky round-grained rice 81, lucky round-grained rice 88, lucky round-grained rice 515 or on educate 397.When cultivation, the distance between rows and hills of the rice seedling is preferably 30 × 20cm
Or 30 × 15cm.
In the present invention, fertilizer is applied during fertilizer management preferably include nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer difference is preferred
With evil nitrogenous fertilizer, mend nitrogenous fertilizer and the application of fringe nitrogenous fertilizer；The evil nitrogenous fertilizer, mend nitrogenous fertilizer, fringe nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount be preferably followed successively by 45kg/ public affairs
Just, 30kg/ hectares and 15kg/ hectares.Evil nitrogenous fertilizer is applied after rice transplanting 5 days, mends nitrogenous fertilizer between June 15~20, every cave stem
It is applied at several 15, fringe nitrogenous fertilizer is applied between July 5~10 after mending nitrogen application 20 days.The potash fertilizer is preferably with fringe potash fertilizer
Form application, the amount of application of fringe potash fertilizer is preferably 24kg/ hectares.Fringe potash fertilizer is administered simultaneously with fringe nitrogenous fertilizer.
In the present invention, the method for the water management is preferably as follows:
A. the water layer of 3~5cm depth is kept up to productive tiller stage from rice seedlings cultivating to field；
B. effective tillering amortization period, dry field is ventilated at the beginning of 6 the end of month to 7 months, until there is dry and cracked phenomenon in field face, restores 3~5cm
Deep water layer；
C. panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage；
D. milk stage, to before harvesting, fills 2.5~3.5cm shoaling layer, fills the shoaling layer next time again until falling and doing naturally, receives
Preceding draining is obtained, is dried.
Below with reference to embodiment to a kind of Rice Cropping side of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return provided by the invention
Method is described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The test of rice straw total crop return amount of nitrogen
1 test material
It is brunisolic soil for examination soil, rice varieties are lucky round-grained rice 81.For trying fertilizer, urea: N content 46%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP): N
Content 18%, P2O5Content 46%, potassium chloride: K2O content 60%.
2 test methods and processing
Test carries out in the town Zhi Xin of Longjing City in 2015, sets the processing of 4 areas Ge great and 1 control, 3 repetitions, Mei Ge great altogether
Area's area is 1000m2。
Processing 1: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, depth of implements 20-23cm, and 130kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 2: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 140kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 3: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 4: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 160kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Control: conventional cultivation (fertilizing method that locality generallys use) burns stalk, rotary tillage, depth of implements 8-12cm, purity nitrogen
140kg/ hectares, 70kg/ hectares of phosphorus pentoxide, 75kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Preparation before 3 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) to the requirement of stalk
Half feeding or full-feeding combine harvester are preferably used in rice harves.Combine harvester band straw chopping apparatus, cut stubble with
Upper part straw chopping returning to the field.Cutting height is less than 15cm.
(2) base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
Basal dressing is answered before returning to the field operation.Base manure is to select ammonium nitrogen or urea to be advisable.Straw decomposing inoculant can be applied, dosage is pressed
Specific product requirement, decomposing agent are watered in the field for spreading fertilizer over the fields the stalk of uniform spreading.
The selection of 4 agricultural machinery and implement and use
The straw-returning equipment mouldboard plow used, beater.
5 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) operational method
Mouldboard plow is ploughed.
(2) returning total stalks into fields depth of implements
Mouldboard plow is ploughed operation, and 20~23cm of depth of implements is advisable.
(3) returning total stalks into fields operation site preparation
Rice straw total crop return takes soaked field 5 days or more after ploughing, soaked field water level to ploughing depth 20-23cm, when mashing
Water level ploughing depth 1/3, first pass mashing reach hack, stubble-cleaning, play slurry.Second time emphatically leveling field face, field after mashing
Block requires in rice straw embedment ground, the broken Horizon of soil.Just there are water layer, mud sediment in field face when the machine transplanting of rice, and rice transplanter extrudes later
Water layer 2cm or so is advisable.
6 cultural technigues
(1) variety selection
The ripe phase should be selected to be suitble to, the kind with cold resistance.
(2) Transplanting Density
30 × 20cm of distance between rows and hills, every square metre of 16.7 caves.
(3) fertilising requires
General medium soil fertility field rice per hectare fertilising 130~150kg of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 46kg, potassium oxide
60kg.Phosphate fertilizer, 40% nitrogenous fertilizer, 60% potash fertilizer of whole are made base manure and are applied before turning over ground: nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, evil fertilizer, supplementary fertilizer
It is 4:3:2:1 with ear manuer ratio；Potash fertilizer divides base manure and ear manuer administered twice, and base manure and ear manuer ratio are 6:4.
(4) water management requirement
Transplanting time keeps 3~5cm of water layer to promote tiller, straw decomposing to productive tiller stage.
Effective tillering amortization period, at the beginning of 67 months the end of month can dry field ventilation, accelerate straw decomposing speed, until field face has fine fisssure existing
As water layer can be restored.
Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage, as meiophase mid or late July meet 17 DEG C or less it is low
Temperature can deepen water layer 20cm prevention and treatment chilling injury.
Milk stage to before harvesting, according to the principle of " shallow-wet intermission, light irrigation based on ", light irrigation 3cm or so water, to fall naturally
It is dry, shallow water next time is then filled again.Draining, is dried before harvest.
7 results and analysis
(1) influence of the different disposal rice straw total crop return to Economic Character of Rice and yield
Rice spike number under different disposal, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, yield are listed in table 1.As known from Table 1, with
Control is compared, and the yield of processing 1 and processing 2 is not significantly different, and the yield of processing 3 and processing 4 is significantly higher than control.While 4
The Yield comparison of a processing group, yield is highest to increase production 5.1% than 383kg/ hectares of control for processing 3.
Performance of 1 different disposal of table to Economic Character of Rice and yield
It can be seen from the above, Different Fertilization amount is to rice straw total crop return yield performance preferably 3 (purity nitrogen 150kg/ of processing
Hectare, 46kg/ hectares of phosphorus pentoxide, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide), increase production 5.1% compared with the control.
Embodiment 2
The test of rice straw total crop return density of transplants
1 test material
It is brunisolic soil for examination soil, rice varieties are lucky round-grained rice 81.For trying fertilizer, urea: N content 46%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP): N
Content 18%, P2O5Content 46%, potassium chloride: K2O content 60%.
2 test methods and processing
Test carries out in the town Zhi Xin of Longjing City in 2016, sets the processing of 3 areas Ge great and 1 control, 3 repetitions, Mei Ge great altogether
Area's area is 1000m2。
Control: density of transplants be 30cm × 20cm, burn stalk, rotary tillage, 8~12cm of depth of implements, 140kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen,
46kg/ hectares of phosphorus pentoxide, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 1: 30 × 15cm of density of transplants, returning total stalks into fields are ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, purity nitrogen 150kg/
Hectare, 46kg/ hectares of phosphorus pentoxide, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
2:30cm × 20cm is handled, returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, five
Aoxidize 46kg/ hectares of two phosphorus, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
3:40cm × 20cm is handled, returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, five
Aoxidize 46kg/ hectares of two phosphorus, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Preparation before 3 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) to the requirement of stalk
Half feeding or full-feeding combine harvester are preferably used in rice harves.Combine harvester band straw chopping apparatus, cut stubble with
Upper part straw chopping returning to the field.Cutting height is less than 15cm.
(2) base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
Basal dressing is answered before returning to the field operation.Base manure is to select ammonium nitrogen or urea to be advisable.Straw decomposing inoculant can be applied, dosage is pressed
Specific product requirement, decomposing agent are watered in the field for spreading fertilizer over the fields the stalk of uniform spreading.
The selection of 4 agricultural machinery and implement and use
The straw-returning equipment mouldboard plow used, beater.
5 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) operational method
Mouldboard plow is ploughed.
(2) returning total stalks into fields depth of implements
Mouldboard plow is ploughed operation, and depth of implements 20-23cm is advisable.
(3) returning total stalks into fields operation site preparation
Rice straw total crop return takes soaked field 5 days or more after ploughing, soaked field water level to ploughing depth 20-23cm, when mashing
Water level ploughing depth 1/3, first pass mashing reach hack, stubble-cleaning, play slurry.Second time emphatically leveling field face, field after mashing
Block requires in rice straw embedment ground, the broken Horizon of soil.Just there are water layer, mud sediment in field face when the machine transplanting of rice, and rice transplanter extrudes later
Water layer 2cm or so is advisable.
6 cultural technigues
(1) variety selection
The ripe phase should be selected to be suitble to, the kind with cold resistance.
(2) fertilising requires
The general medium fertilising of soil fertility field rice per hectare purity nitrogen 150kg, phosphorus pentoxide 46kg, potassium oxide 60kg.Entirely
The phosphate fertilizer in portion, 40% nitrogenous fertilizer, 60% potash fertilizer are made base manure and are applied before turning over ground: nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, evil fertilizer, supplementary fertilizer and ear manuer ratio
Example is 4:3:2:1；Potash fertilizer divides base manure and ear manuer administered twice, and base manure and ear manuer ratio are 6:4.
(3) water management requirement
Transplanting time keeps 3~5cm of water layer to promote tiller, straw decomposing to productive tiller stage.
Effective tillering amortization period, at the beginning of 6 the end of month to 7 months can dry field ventilation, accelerate straw decomposing speed, until there is fine fisssure in field face
Phenomenon can restore water layer.
Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage, as meiophase mid or late July meet 17 DEG C or less it is low
Temperature can deepen water layer 20cm prevention and treatment chilling injury.
Milk stage to before harvesting, according to the principle of " shallow-wet intermission, light irrigation based on ".Light irrigation 3cm or so water, to fall naturally
It is dry, shallow water next time is then filled again.Draining, is dried before harvest.
7 results and analysis
(1) influence of the different disposal rice straw total crop return to Economic Character of Rice and yield
Rice spike number under different disposal, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, yield are listed in table 2.As known from Table 2, it produces
Amount up to processing 2, followed by handles 1, is finally processing 3.
Performance of 2 different disposal of table to Economic Character of Rice and yield
Different densities of transplants are to rice straw total crop return yield performance preferably processing 2 and processing 3, the two volume variance
Less, so the most suitable density of transplants of rice straw total crop return uses 30 × 15cm or 30cm × 20cm.
Embodiment 3
Rice straw total crop return subtracts the test of phosphorus potassium
1 test material
It is brunisolic soil for examination soil, rice varieties are lucky round-grained rice 81.For trying fertilizer, urea: N content 46%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP): N
Content 18%, P2O5Content 46%；Potassium chloride: K2O content 60%.
2 test methods and processing
Test carries out in the town Zhi Xin of Longjing City in 2017, sets the processing of 5 areas Ge great and 1 control, 3 repetitions, Mei Ge great altogether
Area's area is 1000m2。
Processing 1: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 2: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
0kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 3: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
23kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 4: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 30kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Processing 5: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
23kg/ hectares, 30kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Control: returning total stalks into fields is ploughed, 20~23cm of depth of implements, and 150kg/ hectares of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
46kg/ hectares, 60kg/ hectares of potassium oxide.
Preparation before 3 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) to the requirement of stalk
Half feeding or full-feeding combine harvester are preferably used in rice harves.Combine harvester band straw chopping apparatus, cut stubble with
Upper part straw chopping returning to the field.Cutting height is less than 15cm.
(2) base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
Basal dressing is answered before returning to the field operation.On the basis of total dose keeps almost the same with not returning to the field fertilizer amount,
It answers appropriate nitrogen pick-up, subtract phosphorus potassium.Base manure is to select ammonium nitrogen or urea to be advisable.Straw decomposing inoculant can be applied, dosage is wanted by specific product
It asks, decomposing agent is watered in the field for spreading fertilizer over the fields the stalk of uniform spreading.
The selection of 4 agricultural machinery and implement and use
The straw-returning equipment mouldboard plow used, beater.
5 returning total stalks into fields operations
(1) operational method
Mouldboard plow is ploughed.
(2) returning total stalks into fields depth of implements
Mouldboard plow is ploughed operation, and 20~23cm of depth of implements is advisable.
(3) returning total stalks into fields operation site preparation
Rice straw total crop return takes soaked field 5 days or more after ploughing, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth, when mashing
Water level ploughing depth 1/3, first pass mashing reach hack, stubble-cleaning, play slurry.Second time emphatically leveling field face, field after mashing
Block requires in rice straw embedment ground, the broken Horizon of soil.Just there are water layer, mud sediment in field face when the machine transplanting of rice, and rice transplanter extrudes later
Water layer 2cm or so is advisable.
6 cultural technigues
(1) variety selection
The ripe phase should be selected to be suitble to, the kind with cold resistance.
(2) Transplanting Density
30 × 20cm of distance between rows and hills, every square metre of 16.7 caves.
(3) fertilising requires
The general medium fertilising of soil fertility field rice per hectare purity nitrogen 150kg, phosphorus pentoxide 46kg, potassium oxide 60kg.Entirely
The phosphate fertilizer in portion, 40% nitrogenous fertilizer, 60% potash fertilizer are made base manure and are applied before turning over ground: nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, evil fertilizer, supplementary fertilizer and ear manuer ratio
Example is 4:3:2:1；Potash fertilizer divides base manure and ear manuer administered twice, and base manure and ear manuer ratio are 6:4.
(4) water management requirement
Transplanting time keeps 3~5cm of water layer to promote tiller, straw decomposing to productive tiller stage.
Effective tillering amortization period, at the beginning of 6 the end of month to 7 months can dry field ventilation, accelerate straw decomposing speed, until there is fine fisssure in field face
Phenomenon can restore water layer.
Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage, as meiophase mid or late July meet 17 DEG C or less it is low
Temperature can deepen water layer 20cm prevention and treatment chilling injury.
Milk stage to before harvesting, according to the principle of " shallow-wet intermission, light irrigation based on ", light irrigation 3cm or so water, to fall naturally
It is dry, shallow water next time is then filled again.Draining, is dried before harvest.
7 results and analysis
(1) influence of the different disposal rice straw total crop return to Economic Character of Rice and yield
Rice spike number under different disposal, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, yield are listed in table 3.As known from Table 3, water
Under rice straw total crop return, east of Jilin province cool and cold climate is little to yield effect using potash fertilizer without using potash fertilizer or reduction, and
And Economic Character of Rice difference is also very few in each processing.
Performance of 3 different disposal of table to Economic Character of Rice and yield
Rice straw total crop return suitably subtracts on the basis of total dose keeps almost the same with not returning to the field fertilizer amount
Phosphorus potassium, on yield without influence.
Embodiment 4
Rice straw total crop return operational method
1 materials and methods
Test is experimental field carried out in Yan Bian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is handled to plough to plough in conjunction with five ploughshare pears and put down with beater mashing
Ground.Rice straw returning to the field is ploughed (autumn is turned over or the spring is turned over), and depth is 20~23cm.Rice straw total crop return wants soaked field 5 after ploughing
More than it, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth, water level ploughs water level depth 1/3 when mashing, and first pass mashing reaches broken
Soil plays slurry.Second time leveling field face emphatically, field requires in rice straw embedment ground after mashing, the broken Horizon of soil.When the machine transplanting of rice
Just there is water layer in field face, and mud sediment, rice transplanter, which extrudes 2 centimetres of water layer or so later, to be advisable, and with the windy big drift seedling of waterproof, or lacks
Water is stained with seedling, gathers around mud.Control is soaked field 1~2 day under the conditions of being same as above, and deep water soaked field is beaten.
2 results and analysis
(1) rice straw total crop return site preparation
As can be seen that the soaked field time is short, deep water mashing stalk floatability is high from Fig. 1 and table 4, control floatability is
12.6%, it is higher by 9.4% than handling, it has a certain impact to rice transplanting.
The investigation of 4 straw-returning floatability of table
Note: same field diagonal line sampling method takes 5 points, until collecting 80 DEG C of drying constant weights of stalk.
2 rice straw total crop return ploughed depths
As can be seen that alluviation type paddy field soil, when depth of ploughing reaches 23cm or more, routs up beneath sandy soil from Fig. 2-A,
Have an impact to paddy field water-retaining property.And in Fig. 2-B, when brunisolic soil ploughed depth is greater than 25cm, plough sole will be routed up, when influencing soaked field
Between, mashing etc. later periods cultivation technique operation.Therefore, the 20~23cm of regional rice straw returning to the field ploughing depth that cools is advisable.Water
After 20~23cm of rice straw returning to the field ploughing depth, the mashing of water 1/3 is removed in soaked field 5 days, and just there is water layer in field face when rice transplanting, and mud is heavy
It forms sediment, when rice transplanter extrudes water layer 2cm or so standard later, when spring rice transplanting, does not influence rice transplanting quality.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the paddy rice planting method of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return, which comprises the following steps:
1) to rice straw mincing and returning to the field, cutting height≤15cm of stalk；The length < 27cm of rice straw after chopping；
2) basal dressing in the field of returning total stalks into fields obtains the field of application base manure；
The base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The applied amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is followed successively by 60kg/ hectares, 23
~46kg/ hectares and 18~36kg/ hectares；
3) field of application base manure in step 2) is ploughed, the depth ploughed is 20~23cm；
4) field after ploughing carries out soaked field, soaked field water level to 20~23cm of ploughing depth；Water depth is to plough when mashing
The 1/3 of depth；
5) rice-cultivating rice shoot in the field in step 4) after mashing, carries out fertilizer management and water management.
2. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that apply stalk when applying base manure in step 1)
Decomposing agent；The amount of application of straw decomposing inoculant is 30~45kg/ hectares, living bacteria count >=500,000,000/g in the straw decomposing inoculant.
3. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the field in step 3) after the straw-returning
Coverage rate >=80% of improving straw mulching field on block.
4. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time in soaked field described in step 4) be 5~
8d。
5. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the number of mashing described in step 4) is not less than
2 times.
6. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the kind of rice seedling includes ripe in step 5)
124~145 days phases, the rice varieties with cold resistance.
7. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that in step 5) when cultivation, the rice seedling
The distance between rows and hills of seedling is 30 × 20cm or 30 × 15cm.
8. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that apply fertilizer in step 5) during fertilizer management
Material includes nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer is applied respectively with evil nitrogenous fertilizer, benefit nitrogenous fertilizer and fringe nitrogenous fertilizer；The evil nitrogenous fertilizer mends nitrogenous fertilizer, fringe
The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is followed successively by 45kg/ hectares, 30kg/ hectares and 15kg/ hectares；
The potash fertilizer is applied in the form of fringe potash fertilizer, and the amount of application of fringe potash fertilizer is 12~24kg/ hectares.
9. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1 or 8, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer includes ammonium nitrogen or urea；
The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer includes phosphorus pentoxide；The potash fertilizer includes potassium oxide.
10. paddy rice planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for the water management is as follows:
A. the water layer of 3~5cm depth is kept up to productive tiller stage from rice seedlings cultivating to field；
B. effective tillering amortization period, dry field is ventilated at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, until there is dry and cracked phenomenon in field face, restores the water of 3~5cm depth
Layer；
C. panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage fills 7~10cm profundal zone to heading stage；
D. milk stage, to before harvesting, fills 2.5~3.5cm of depth shoaling layer, fills the shoaling layer next time again until falling and doing naturally, receives
Preceding draining is obtained, is dried.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
| CN112166981A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 吉林农业大学 | Autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in middle of northeast China |
| CN112889606A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Rice straw full-amount direct returning cultivation method suitable for western Jilin area |
| CN112997823A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition |
| CN113316987A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Method for returning straws to field and fertilizing soil plough layer |
| CN115500225A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
| CN115024170B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2023-09-15 | 樟树市农业技术推广中心 | Mechanical mud-raising drought-tube seedling raising method for large pot blanket seedlings of rice |
| CN117957966A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-03 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for resolving freeze and stirring slurry for straw returning in soda saline-alkali paddy field and application thereof |
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| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
| CN112166981A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 吉林农业大学 | Autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in middle of northeast China |
| CN112889606A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Rice straw full-amount direct returning cultivation method suitable for western Jilin area |
| CN112997823A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition |
| CN113316987A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Method for returning straws to field and fertilizing soil plough layer |
| CN115024170B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2023-09-15 | 樟树市农业技术推广中心 | Mechanical mud-raising drought-tube seedling raising method for large pot blanket seedlings of rice |
| CN115500225A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
| CN117957966A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-03 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for resolving freeze and stirring slurry for straw returning in soda saline-alkali paddy field and application thereof |
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