NL2029125B1 - Cultivation method for improving saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and lycium barbarum l. - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is a cultivation method for improving a saline - alkali land through intercropping of 5 oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. The method includes the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer; (2) performing soil preparation and ridging; (3) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.; (4) intercropping and sowing oilseed rape; (5) performing irrigation; and (6) harvesting the oilseed rape, and returning straws to the field. ln the present invention, by virtue of intercropping of the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape, an effect of increasing yield of 10 the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape is achieved in combination with scientific fertilizer and water management; and increase of soil organic matters, sodium ion replacement and desalination and dealkalization effects of the soil are achieved. Further, since the field ground is covered by the intercropping of the oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L., accumulation of salt in soil brought by transpiration is inhibited, thereby further achieving an effect of improving the saline 15 - alkali land.

Description

CULTIVATION METHOD FOR IMPROVING SALINE - ALKALI LAND THROUGH INTERCROPPING OF OILSEED RAPE AND LYCIUM BARBARUM L. Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving a saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. Background The saline - alkali land is a variety of salt accumulation, and means that normal growth of crops is affected by salt contained in soil and plants barely survive in severe regions. The saline - alkali land in China is distributed in 17 provinces and regions including northwest China, northeast China, North China and coastal regions. A total area of salty lands and saline - alkali lands affecting cultivated lands exceeds 500 million mu, thereby seriously hindering agricultural development.

Through researches of agricultural technicians, some crops may survive in soil with low salinization degree, such as Populus diversifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Amorpha fruticosa. However, due to the effects of salt and alkali on the soil, crop growth is hindered; and biomass of the crops in the saline - alkali land is often lower.

Therefore, increasing the biomass of the crops in the saline - alkali land is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Summary In view of this, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving a saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. The method may increase biomass of the oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. in the saline - alkali land, alleviate salinity and alkalinity of soil and improve a soil structure.

To achieve the above purpose, technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: The cultivation method for improving the saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. includes the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer: applying an organic fertilizer and animal bone meal; and deeply ploughing and levelling soil; (2) performing soil preparation and ridging: alternatively making high ridges and low ridges; (3) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: planting the cutting seedlings on the low ridges, wherein a plant spacing is 1.2 - 1.5 m; (4) intercropping and sowing oilseed rape: uniformly mixing oilseed rape seeds and seed manure; and sowing the seeds on the high ridges at a seeding rate of 2.0 - 2.5 kg per mu;

(5) performing irrigation: irrigating rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings in a low ridge area in a drip irrigation mode; and irrigating the water in a high ridge area in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage, wherein the later irrigation is performed in a water requirement period of the oilseed rape; (6) harvesting the oilseed rape, and returning straws to the field: crushing the straws after harvesting the oilseed rape; concentrating the straws in the high ridge area for composting; and spreading and returning the straws to the field in the following spring.

Preferably, in the step (1), the organic fertilizer is applied by 4000 - 5000 kg per mu; the animal bone meal is applied by 100 - 150 kg per mu; the soil is deeply ploughed by 30 - 40 cm; and the organic fertilizer is animal faeces. The saline - alkali land has low soil fertility; the organic content of the soil is lower than that of general sail, the organic fertilizer may increase the soil organic matter and improve soil hardening situations; organic acids produced by the organic matters are degraded by soil microbes, so that calcium adsorbed by the soil may be activated; and sodium ions adsorbed in the soil is replaced, thereby achieving desalination and dealkalization effects. Meanwhile, the added animal bone meal contains lots of calcium and other medium trace elements, may replace more sodium ions in the soil, and provide nutritive materials for growth of the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape, thereby improving soil flocculation capacity and improving saline - alkali conditions. Preferably, in the step (2), the high ridges are 20 - 30 cm high, have a ridge surface width of 150-200 cm, and are used for planting the oilseed rape; and the low ridges are 10 - 15 cm high, have a ridge surface width of 20 - 30 cm, and are used for planting the Lycium barbarum L. Preferably, in the step (3), the cutting seedlings are Lycium barbarum L. seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed. Preferably, in the step (4), a mass ratio of the oilseed rape seeds to the seed manure is 1:(10 - 15), the seed manure is active calcium; and the active calcium is coarse oyster shell powder. Preferably, in the step (5), a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings is less than 10 cm; and the spray irrigation range covers the high ridge area. The irrigation is performed in two manners in the present invention. The Lycium barbarum L. seedlings are watered with sufficient rooting water during transplanting in a drip irrigation manner. The drip holes of the drip irrigation zone are closer to the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings. Salt in the soil infiltrates into the ground along with the rooting water, thereby ensuring low sodium ion concentration in soil around the roots of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings. The Lycium barbarum L. is a drought - resistant moisture - avoidant crop, so the rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings is irrigated in the high ridge area (the oilseed rape area) in the spray irrigation mode; direct irrigation is not needed in the low ridge area; and growth of the Lycium barbarum L. is maintained by absorbing water discharged from the high ridge area. Meanwhile, most of the area of the field may be covered under combined actions of the two crops, thereby decreasing accumulation of salt in the soil brought by the transpiration.

Preferably, in the step (6), when the oilseed rape straws are concentrated and composted, an organic fertilizer of the animal faeces with the same weight as the oilseed rape straws is added. The oilseed rape straws and the arganic fertilizer are stacked and composted in a concentrated mode. Multiple degrading bacteria are brought when the organic fertilizer is added; and an effect of compacting the straws is achieved, thereby achieving heat and moisture preservation effects, facilitating reproduction of the degrading bacteria and accelerating decomposition of the oilseed rape straws and composting of the organic fertilizer. The straws and the organic fertilizer are spread and returned to the field in the following spring, so that the soil fertility is increased; the organic content of the saline - alkali land is increased; and soil texture of the saline - alkali land may be improved, thereby achieving the effect of improving the saline - alkali land.

More preferably, in the steps (1) and (6), Bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 1 - 2% of the mass of the organic fertilizer is added; and the number of active spores contained in the bacillus mucilaginosus is more than 10"! spores/g. The Bacillus mucilaginosus reproduces and grows in the soil, and may produce organic acids, capsular polysaccharides and other metabolic products, destroy a lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like and decompose and release soluble phosphorus, potassium, calcium and multiple medium trace elements, thereby increasing the soil fertility, releasing the phosphorus and potassium, neutralizing the soil acidity or alkalinity and improving a pH value of the saline - alkali land.

Preferably, soil salt content is 0.3 - 1.2% before intercropping in the present invention. The soil salt content is the total salt content of the soil, may be represented by g/kg, and is generally represented by % in the art by virtue of conversion between g and kg. The content of 0.3 - 1.2% is equivalent to 3 - 12 g/kg.

Preferably, the method further includes conventional weeding and pest control.

The beneficial effects are as follows: through the above technical solutions, the present invention discloses the cultivation method for improving the saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. Both the oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. are crops that are low in soil requirement and saline - alkaline tolerant. In the present invention, by virtue of the intercropping of the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape, an effect of increasing yield of the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape is achieved in combination with scientific fertilizer and water management; and increase of soil organic matters, sodium ion replacement and desalination and dealkalization effects of the soil are achieved. Further, since the field ground is covered by the intercropping of the oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L., accumulation of salt in soil brought by transpiration is inhibited, thereby further achieving an effect of improving the saline - alkali land.

Description of Drawings To clearly describe technical solutions in embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, drawings to be used in descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Apparently, the drawings described below are merely the embodiments of the present invention. Other drawings may be obtained by those ordinary skilled in the art without making creative labour according to the provided drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L.

provided in the present invention.

Detailed Description The technical solutions in embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments in the present invention. Apparently, the embodiments described are only part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments acquired by those ordinary skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a cultivation method for improving a saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. Agents needed in the present invention are conventional experimental agents and are commercially available; and experimental methods which are not mentioned are conventional experimental methods, which are not repeated here.

Embodiment 1 The cultivation method for improving the saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. includes the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer: 5000 kg of an organic fertilizer of animal faeces, 150 kg of animal bone meal and 5 kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled, (2) performing soil preparation and ridging: high ridges and low ridges were alternatively made, wherein the high ridges were 20 - 30 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 200 cm, and were used for planting the oilseed rape; and the low ridges were 10 - 15 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 20 - 30 cm, and were used for planting the Lycium barbarum L.; (3) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: the Lycium barbarum L. cutting seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed were planted on the low ridges, wherein a plant spacing was controlled as 1.2 m; (4) intercropping and sowing oilseed rape: oilseed rape seeds and active calcium (coarse ground powder of oyster shells) were uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 10; and the seeds were sowed on a high ridge area at a seeding rate of 2.5 kg per mu; (5) performing irrigation: rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was irrigated in a low ridge area in a drip irrigation mode; a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was less than 10 cm; sufficient rooting water was irrigated, the water was irrigated in the high ridge area in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage; the irrigation was performed in water requirement periods of the oilseed rape, that is, a period after sowing of the oilseed rape seeds, within one week after emergence of the oilseed rape, a 5 - 6 true leaf period of the oilseed rape, and a squaring period of the oilseed rape; (6) harvesting the oilseed rape, and returning straws to the field: the straws were crushed 5 after harvesting the oilseed rape; the straws were concentrated in the high ridge area; the organic fertilizer of the animal faeces with the equal mass, and the Bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 1%0 of the mass of the organic fertilizer were added for composting the straws and the fertilizer; and the straws were spread and returned to the field in the following spring; (7) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Embodiment 2 The cultivation method for improving the saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. includes the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer: 4000 kg of an organic fertilizer of animal faeces, 100 kg of animal bone meal and 8 kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled; (2) performing soil preparation and ridging: high ridges and low ridges were alternatively made, wherein the high ridges were 20 - 30 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 150 cm, and were used for planting the oilseed rape; and the low ridges were 10 - 15 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 20 - 30 cm, and were used for planting the Lycium barbarum L.; (3) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: the Lycium barbarum L. cutting seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed were planted on the low ridges, wherein a plant spacing was controlled as 1.5 m; (4) intercropping and sowing oilseed rape: oilseed rape seeds and active calcium (coarse ground powder of oyster shells) were uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 15; and the seeds were sowed on a high ridge area at a seeding rate of 2.0 kg per mu; (5) performing irrigation: rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was irrigated in a low ridge area in a drip irrigation mode; a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was less than 10 cm; sufficient rooting water was irrigated, the water was irrigated in the high ridge area in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage; the irrigation was performed in water requirement periods of the oilseed rape, that is, a period after sowing of the oilseed rape seeds, within one week after emergence of the oilseed rape, a 5 - 6 true leaf period of the oilseed rape, and a squaring period of the oilseed rape; (6) harvesting the oilseed rape, and returning straws to the field: the straws were crushed after harvesting the oilseed rape; the straws were concentrated in the high ridge area; the organic fertilizer of the animal faeces with the equal mass, and the Bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 1%0 of the mass of the organic fertilizer were added for composting the straws and the fertilizer; and the straws were spread and returned to the field in the following spring; (7) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Embodiment 3 The cultivation method for improving the saline - alkali land through intercropping of oilseed rape and Lycium barbarum L. includes the following steps: (1) applying a base fertilizer: 4500 kg of an organic fertilizer of animal faeces, 125 kg of animal bone meal and 6.75 kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled, (2) performing soil preparation and ridging: high ridges and low ridges were alternatively made, wherein the high ridges were 20 - 30 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 175 cm, and were used for planting the oilseed rape; and the low ridges were 10 - 15 cm high, had a ridge surface width of 20 - 30 cm, and were used for planting the Lycium barbarum L., (3) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: the Lycium barbarum L. cutting seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed were planted on the low ridges, wherein a plant spacing was controlled as 1.3 m; (4) intercropping and sowing oilseed rape: oilseed rape seeds and active calcium (coarse ground powder of oyster shells) were uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 13; and the seeds were sowed on a high ridge area at a seeding rate of 2.3 kg per mu; (5) performing irrigation: rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was irrigated in a low ridge area in a drip irrigation mode; a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was less than 10 cm; sufficient rooting water was irrigated, the water was irrigated in the high ridge area in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage; the irrigation was performed in water requirement periods of the oilseed rape, that is, a period after sowing of the oilseed rape seeds, within one week after emergence of the oilseed rape, a5 - 6 true leaf period of the oilseed rape, and a squaring period of the oilseed rape; (6) harvesting the oilseed rape, and returning straws to the field: the straws were crushed after harvesting the oilseed rape; the straws were concentrated in the high ridge area; the organic fertilizer of the animal faeces with the equal mass, and the Bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 1%0 of the mass of the organic fertilizer were added for composting the straws and the fertilizer; and the straws were spread and returned to the field in the following spring; (7) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Reference example 1 (single planting of Lycium barbarum L.) (1) applying a base fertilizer: 5000 kg of an organic fertilizer of animal faeces, 150 kg of animal bone meal and 5 kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled, (2) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: the Lycium barbarum L. cutting seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed were planted according to a plant spacing of 1.5 m and a row spacing of 2 m; (3) irrigation: rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was irrigated in a drip irrigation mode; a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum

L. seedlings was less than 10 cm; sufficient rooting water was irrigated; the water was irrigated among Lycium barbarum L. rows in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage; and the irrigation time was the same as that in embodiment 1; (4) conventional weeding and pest control were combined. Reference example 2 (single planting of oilseed rape) (1) applying a base fertilizer: 5000 kg of an organic fertilizer of animal faeces, 150 kg of animal bone meal and 5 kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled, (2) sowing: oilseed rape seeds and active calcium (coarse ground powder of oyster shells) were uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 10; and the seeds were sowed in a test field at a seeding rate of 2.5 kg per mu; (3) irrigation: water was irrigated in a spray irrigation mode; and irrigation time referred to a period after sowing of the oilseed rape seeds, within one week after emergence of the oilseed rape, a 5 - 6 true leaf period of the oilseed rape, and a squaring period of the oilseed rape; (4) the oilseed rape was harvested; (5) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Reference example 3 (single planting of Lycium barbarum L.) (1) applying a base fertilizer: 10 kg of a nitrogen fertilizer and 8 kg of a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled; (2) transplanting cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.: the Lycium barbarum L. cutting seedlings with 3 - 4 fibrous roots cultivated in a seedbed were planted according to a plant spacing of 1.5 m and a row spacing of 2 m; (3) irrigation: rooting water of the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was irrigated in a drip irrigation mode; a distance between drip holes of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings was less than 10 cm; sufficient rooting water was irrigated; the water was irrigated among Lycium barbarum L. rows in a spray irrigation mode at a later stage; and the irrigation time was the same as that in embodiment 1; {4) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Reference example 4 (single planting of oilseed rape) (1) applying a base fertilizer: 10 kg of a nitrogen fertilizer and 8 kg of a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied per mu; and soil was ploughed by 30 - 40 cm and then levelled; (2) sowing: oilseed rape seeds and active calcium (coarse ground powder of oyster shells) were uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 10; and the seeds were sowed in a test field at a seeding rate of 2.5 kg per mu; (3) irrigation: water was irrigated in a spray irrigation mode; and irrigation time referred to a period after sowing of the oilseed rape seeds, within one week after emergence of the oilseed rape, a 5 - 6 true leaf period of the oilseed rape, and a squaring period of the oilseed rape; (4) the oilseed rape was harvested;

(5) conventional weeding and pest control were combined.

Effect example Intercropping of Lycium barbarum L. and oilseed rape was conducted in a test field in Ningxia (having salt content of 1.16% in 10 - 20 cm underground soil, equivalent to 11.6 g/kg) in manners of embodiments 1-3. The Lycium barbarum L. or the oilseed rape was planted alone in manners of reference examples 1 - 2. Planting effects were counted; and results were shown as Table 1. Table 1 Embodi- | Embodi- | Embodi- Refe- Refe- Refe- Refe- ment 1 ment 2 ment 3 rence rence rence rence example | example | example | example Salt content of 10 - 20 cm underground soil oilseed rape Current Lycium year's barbarum 183 kg 176 kg 164 kg 175 kg 62 kg | me freee] Je] [or [en [omen ENEN rape It can be seen from the results that, the salt content of the soil is effectively decreased in embodiments 1 - 3, while the current year's yields of the Lycium barbarum L. and the oilseed rape are significantly higher than those in reference examples 1 - 4.

Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive way. The difference of each embodiment from each other is the focus of explanation. The same and similar parts among all of the embodiments can be referred to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the present invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principle defined herein can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principle and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

CONCLUSIONS A method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L., the method comprising the steps of: (1) applying a base fertilizer: applying an organic fertilizer and animal bone meal; and the deep plowing and leveling of the ground; (2) weeping the ground and forming ridges: alternately make high ridges and low ridges; (3) planting out cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum L.. planting out the cutting seedlings on the low ridges, keeping a planting distance of 1.2 - 1.5 m; (4) performing crop rotation and sowing rapeseed: mixing rapeseed and seed fertilizer evenly; and sowing the seed on the high ridges at a seed density of 2.0 - 2.5 kg per mu; (5) performing irrigation: irrigating the seedlings of Lycium barbarum L. on the low ridges with rooting water by drip irrigation, and at a later stage, performing irrigation on the high ridges with the water by spray irrigation; (6) harvesting the rapeseed and returning the straw to the field: grinding the straw after harvesting the rapeseed; concentrating the straw in the area with the high ridges for composting; and spreading and returning the straw to the field the following spring. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) the organic fertilizer is applied in an amount of 4000 - 5000 kg per mu; and the animal bone meal is used in an amount of 100-150 kg per mu. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in step (2) the high ridges are 20 - 30 cm high, the width of the ridge surface being 150 - 200 cm; and the low ridges are 10 - 15 cm high, the width of the ridge surface being 20 - 30 cm. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in step (3) the cutting seedlings are Lycium barbarum L. seedbed grown seedlings having 3-4 fibrous roots. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in step (4) the mass ratio of the rapeseed to the seed fertilizer is 1:(10 - 15); and the seed fertilizer is active calcium. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) the distance between drip openings of a drip irrigation zone and the Lycium barbarum L. seedlings is less than 10 cm; and the spray irrigation range covers the area of the high ledge. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), when the rapeseed straws are concentrated and composted, an organic fertilizer having the same weight as the rapeseed straw is added. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by crop rotation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to claim 7, wherein in steps {1} and (6) Bacillus mucilaginosus is added in an amount of 1 - 2% of the mass of the organic fertilizer; and the number of active spores in the Bacillus mucilaginosus exceeds 107! spores/g. The method for improving saline - alkaline soil by rotational cultivation of rapeseed and Lycium barbarum L. according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the salt content in the soil prior to the rotational cultivation is 0.3-1.2% is.