CN113079965A - Planting method for planting field - Google Patents

Planting method for planting field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113079965A
CN113079965A CN202110358704.6A CN202110358704A CN113079965A CN 113079965 A CN113079965 A CN 113079965A CN 202110358704 A CN202110358704 A CN 202110358704A CN 113079965 A CN113079965 A CN 113079965A
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China
Prior art keywords
year
fallow
planting
belt
zone
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CN202110358704.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张殿龙
张兴海
张涛
张殿双
张殿武
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Jilin Yifang Agricultural Co ltd
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Jilin Yifang Agricultural Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110358704.6A priority Critical patent/CN113079965A/en
Publication of CN113079965A publication Critical patent/CN113079965A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a land cultivation and planting method, which comprises the following steps: planning a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are sequentially arranged at intervals in a field; crushing straws produced by harvesting the planting belt in autumn for one year; carrying out rotary tillage on a part of crushed straws and fertilizers on each fallow area, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45 cm; covering the rest crushed straws on the fallow belt after rotary tillage, covering soil, and fallowing for one year; in the second year, a planting zone is arranged at the position of the fallow zone in the first year, a fallow zone is arranged at the position of the planting zone, and the treatment mode in the first year is repeated. The method utilizes the effective space of the land, cultivating land while side land, preparing for the next year, returning the whole crushed straw to the field, changing cost into treasure, reducing labor intensity and reducing environmental air pollution. According to the soil cultivation method provided by the invention, the cultivation is circulated year by year, the fertilizer usage amount can be reduced year by year, the air pollution is reduced, the soil is improved, and the grain yield is improved year by year.

Description

Planting method for planting field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a planting method for planting a growing field.
Background
Natural fertility: is the fertility of the soil formed by natural factors.
Artificial fertility: the artificial fertility of the soil is caused by artificial factors such as farming, fertilization, irrigation, soil improvement and the like, the artificial fertility is influenced by various factors, the developed soil has natural fertility and is artificial fertility, the natural fertility is used as the basis of the developed soil, the artificial fertility is used as the main factor, and the artificial fertility has profound meanings in the agricultural field, innovation, research and development, soil maintenance and yield improvement.
In agricultural production processes, due to the excessive pursuit of crop yield. The method causes certain deficiency in agricultural management methods, mainly expressed in the aspects of planting more than cultivating and yield more than throwing, and the deficiency causes the resistance of a large number of farmlands to natural disasters like drought and waterlogging to be weakened, and also causes the content of organic matters in the farmland soil to be obviously reduced, so that vicious circle can be caused, the farmlands cannot provide necessary nutrients for the growth of crops, and therefore, in the planting production process of the crops, the resource utilization is enhanced, and the content of the organic matters in the soil is increased. This point arouses agricultural science and technology personnel to pay more and more attention, and straw returning makes soil increase organic fertilizer be one of maintenance land development mode, needs to carry out the research of constantly exploring.
The existing field preparation method generally comprises the steps of covering corn straws on the ground completely, using raked straws to climb to rows, using a no-tillage machine to carry out planting operation after arranging the straws, and using a general large-ridge double-row no-tillage machine to cultivate, not turning the ground, not burning the straws, increasing organic matters and preserving soil for loss. This method has the following disadvantages:
firstly, the soil is not turned over for a long time, the motor vehicle rolls every year, the soil is hardened, and the air permeability is not good;
secondly, the straws are not decomposed uniformly especially in hilly lands, so that the straws are washed away by rainwater and lost, and the straws cover the surface soil, so that the soil in the ground cannot be improved by maintaining organic matters slowly.
Thirdly, the straws cover the surface soil, the plant diseases and insect pests and underground pests are increased, and in addition, in spring seasons with strong wind, most of the scraped straws drift and press on seedling belts, so that seedling shortage and strip breakage are easily caused, and the yield is reduced.
And fourthly, planting without turning over the land for a long time, and even though the land is not lost, the land becomes hardened and can not achieve the effect of cultivating the land on the side of the land.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting a planting field, aiming at improving at least one problem mentioned in the background technology.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for planning a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are sequentially arranged at intervals in a field in the first year;
crushing straws produced in autumn harvest of the last year on the planting belt;
carrying out rotary tillage on a part of crushed straws and fertilizers on each fallow area, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45 cm;
covering the rest crushed straws on the fallow belt after rotary tillage, then covering soil, and fallowing for one year;
in the second year, a planting zone is provided at the position of the fallow zone in the first year, a fallow zone is provided at the position of the planting zone, and the treatment mode in the first year is repeated.
In an optional embodiment, the fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 29-31 kg/mu, and the application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2.4-2.6 kg/mu.
In an alternative embodiment, the length of the comminuted straw is from 5 to 15 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, the width of the fallow belt is 92-98cm and the width of the planting belt is 63-67 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, two rows of crops are planted in the planting zone, with a row spacing of 43-47 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, the amount of ground straw that is rotary tilled with fertilizer on the fallow belt is 4500kg-7500 kg/acre.
In an alternative embodiment, spraying urea on the straw is further included after covering the straw on the fallow belt.
In an alternative embodiment, the urea is sprayed in an amount of 2.4-2.6 kg/acre.
In an optional embodiment, spraying a urea insecticide on the straw is further included after the straw is covered on the fallow belt.
In an alternative embodiment, the pesticide is a biopesticide; preferably, the dosage of the biological insecticide is 8-12 g/mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
straw on the fallow belts is crushed and is added with organic fertilizer to be mixed with soil in a rotating mode, straw on the planting belts on the two sides is cleaned to the rotating fallow belts to be covered, seeding is well carried out on the cleaned planting belts, and the rotating covered fallow belts are used for cultivating land.
The fallow belt and the planting belt are reasonably planned, the crushed straws and the fertilizers are subjected to rotary tillage together, and the soil after rotary tillage has a good ventilation effect while the fertilizers are applied, so that the soil is not stiff and hardened, and water and commercial conservation is realized.
The effective space of the land is utilized, the land is cultivated beside the land, the straw is smashed and completely returned to the field, the cost is changed into treasure, the labor intensity is reduced, and the environment and the air pollution are reduced. According to the soil cultivation method provided by the invention, the cultivation is circulated year by year, the fertilizer usage amount can be reduced year by year, the land pollution is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the land is maintained and improved, the labor intensity is reduced, the air pollution is reduced, the environment is protected, the soil is improved, the side row occupation advantage of cultivation interval planting is added, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, and the grain yield is improved year by year.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for cultivating a field provided by the present application will be specifically described below.
A method of growing a field comprising:
in the first year, a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are sequentially arranged at intervals are planned in a field;
crushing straws produced in autumn harvest of the last year on the planting belt;
carrying out rotary tillage on a part of crushed straws and fertilizers on each fallow area, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45 cm;
covering the rest crushed straws on the fallow belt after rotary tillage, then covering soil, and fallowing for one year;
in the second year, a planting zone is provided at the position of the fallow zone in the first year, a fallow zone is provided at the position of the planting zone, and the treatment mode in the first year is repeated.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 planting planning
Planning a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are arranged at intervals in sequence in a field, wherein the fallow belts are wider than the planting belts when the fallow belts are arranged for ensuring good ventilation of the planting belts, the fallow belts are 92-98cm (such as 92cm, 94cm, 95cm or 98cm) wide, and the planting belts are 63-67cm (such as 63cm, 65cm or 67cm) wide for further ensuring better yield while cultivating the field; further, the planting belt plants two rows of crops, with a row spacing of 43-47cm (e.g., 43cm, 45cm, or 47 cm).
S2 rotary tillage and fallow belt
Firstly, crushing the straws left after autumn harvest in the last year on a planting belt in a field, wherein the length of the crushed straws is 5-15 cm.
Then, carrying out rotary tillage on a part of crushed straws and fertilizers together, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45cm, and the rotary tillage width is 80 cm.
The straws and the fertilizer are together rotary-tilled, so that the straws and the fertilizer are together and uniformly distributed in the interval from the ground to 35-45cm underground, the fallow zone can be fully used as a planting zone in the next year to provide nutrition, and the crushed straws are uniformly distributed in the underground, so that the ground to 35-45cm underground can have good ventilation effect, the soil is not hardened and hardened, the plough bottom layer is broken, and water conservation and business protection are realized.
Preferably, in order to ensure that the soil obtains more sufficient nutrients and has better air permeability, the amount of the crushed straws which are subjected to rotary tillage together with the fertilizer is 4500kg-7500 kg/mu.
Preferably, to ensure that the soil obtains more sufficient nutrients, the fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 29-31 kg/mu (such as 29 kg/mu, 30 kg/mu or 31 kg/mu), and the application amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 2.4-2.6 kg/mu (such as 2.4 kg/mu, 2.5 kg/mu or 2.6 kg/mu).
S3, covering straws on the fallow belt and covering soil.
Covering the rest crushed straws on the planting belts on the rotary tillage belts, and specifically, adopting a disc rake to bring the crushed straws on the two side planting belts to the tillage belts. And the planting belt is cleaned, so that the straws are not scraped away to press the seedlings.
To avoid insect infestation, the straw is covered and sprayed with an insecticide, preferably a biopesticide, in an amount of 8-12 g/acre (e.g., 8 g/acre, 10 g/acre, or 12 kg/acre), although other insecticides may be used in addition to the biopesticide, such as Dubankang Wide 20% emulsifiable concentrate.
In order to accelerate the decomposition of the straws, the method also comprises the step of spraying urea on the surfaces of the straws after covering the straws, wherein the spraying amount is 2.4-2.6 kg/mu (for example, 2.4 kg/mu, 2.5 kg/mu or 2.6 kg/mu).
After the insecticide and the urea are sprayed, a small amount of soil is covered on the straws, so that the straws are prevented from being scraped away by wind. The soil covering amount can meet the requirement that the straws are pressed and are not easy to blow away.
And after covering soil, the fallow belt fallow for one year.
Setting a fallow area and a planting area according to the method in the first year, and planting crops in the planting area after the fallow area fallow for one year. And in the second year, arranging a planting belt at the position of the fallow belt in the first year, arranging the fallow belt at the position of the planting belt, and repeating the treatment mode in the first year, namely crushing the straws of the planting belt, rotary tillage of the fallow belt, straw covering and soil covering.
According to the land cultivation planting method provided by the invention, the straws in the fallow zone are soaked in rainwater one year and are decomposed at high temperature in summer, the straws are basically and completely organic matters, and the method is very suitable for being used as a planting zone in the second year, is suitable for no-tillage machine operation planting and is particularly suitable for conservation cultivation; the method utilizes the effective space of the land, accumulates the well-done organic fertilizer in the land, ploughs the cultivation land, cultivates the land while cultivating the land, improves the yield, reduces the using amount of the chemical fertilizer, reduces the production cost, reduces the soil pollution, does not burn the straw, returns the whole amount of the crushed land to the field, changes the waste into the treasure, reduces the labor intensity, reduces the environment and reduces the air pollution.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
Examples
In the first year, a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are sequentially arranged at intervals are planned in a field. The width of the fallow belt is about 95cm, and the width of the planting belt is about 65 cm. And planting crops on the planting belt, wherein the planting belt is used for planting two rows, and the row spacing is 45 cm.
Pulverizing the straws left after autumn harvest in the field to 5-15cm in length. Carrying out rotary tillage on the crushed straws, the organic fertilizer and the biological bacterial manure together, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45 cm. The amount of straws which are subjected to rotary tillage together is about 5500 kg/mu, the amount of organic fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and the amount of biological bacterial fertilizer is 2.5 kg/mu.
Straw is covered on the fallow belt after rotary tillage, and then biological insecticide of 10 g/mu and urea of 2.5 kg/mu are sprayed. After spraying, covering a small amount of soil to press the straws to prevent the straws from being blown by wind to move.
And (4) fallowing the fallow area for one year, and carrying out double-row operation on the free-tillage machine on the cleaned planting area without the straws, wherein the row spacing is 45 cm.
And in the second year, arranging a planting belt at the position of the fallow belt in the first year, arranging the fallow belt at the position of the planting belt, and repeating the treatment modes of the fallow belt in the first year, namely rotary tillage, straw covering and soil covering.
Examples of the experiments
In 22 days 4 months in 2020, 8 groups of Tamu Zhen Chenjiacun in nine districts of Changchun city in Jilin province, with the land names of large rows, and thirty-acre corn fields were cultivated and planted according to the method provided in the examples.
45000 kilo seedlings are protected per hectare in the first year, the yield of each plant is about 0.3kg, and 45000 kilo × 0.3kg is 13500kg, compared with the existing planting method, the yield of each hectare is increased by 1500kg with the same seed fertilizer.
The seedlings are planted on a fallow zone in the first year in the second year, the field strength of the fallow zone is improved after one-year rest maintenance, the number of seedlings in each hectare is 50000 thousands, and 50000 multiplied by 0.3kg is 15000 kg.
The average yield of the existing cultivation is about 20000 jin per hectare, and the straws are burnt in the planting process, thereby wasting resources and polluting the environment. The method provided by the invention has better economic benefit compared with the existing cultivation method.
It can be seen from the experimental examples that the method provided by the invention circularly plants year by year, plants and plants the soil at the same time, improves the soil year by year, reduces the fertilizer usage year by year, reduces the production cost year by year, improves the yield year by year, and improves the soil fertility year by year.
In conclusion, the land cultivation and planting method provided by the invention reasonably plans the fallow belts and the planting belts, carries out rotary tillage on the crushed straws and the fertilizers together, and simultaneously carries out fertilization, so that the soil after rotary tillage has a good ventilation effect, the soil is not hardened and hardened, and water and commercial conservation is realized. The effective space of the land is utilized, the land is cultivated beside the land, the straw is smashed and completely returned to the field, the cost is changed into treasure, the labor intensity is reduced, and the environment and the air pollution are reduced. According to the soil cultivation method provided by the invention, the cultivation is circulated year by year, the fertilizer usage amount can be reduced year by year, the land pollution is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the land is maintained and improved, the labor intensity is reduced, the air pollution is reduced, the environment is protected, the soil is improved, the side row occupation advantage of cultivation interval planting is added, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, and the grain yield is improved year by year.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for planting in a field, comprising:
in the first year, a plurality of fallow belts and a plurality of planting belts which are sequentially arranged at intervals are planned in a field;
crushing straws produced in autumn harvest of the last year on the planting belt;
carrying out rotary tillage on a part of crushed straws and fertilizers on each fallow area, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 35-45 cm;
covering the rest crushed straws on the fallow belt after rotary tillage, then covering soil, and fallowing for one year;
in the second year, a planting zone is provided at the position of the fallow zone in the first year, a fallow zone is provided at the position of the planting zone, and the treatment mode in the first year is repeated.
2. A method of growing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and biological bacterial manure, the organic fertilizer is applied in an amount of 29-31 kg/acre and the biological bacterial manure is applied in an amount of 2.4-2.6 kg/acre.
3. A method of growing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the comminuted straw is 5-15 cm.
4. The method of growing a field according to claim 1, wherein the width of the fallow belt is 92-98cm and the width of the growing belt is 63-67 cm.
5. A method of growing as claimed in claim 4, wherein two rows of crops are grown within the growing zone at a row spacing of 43-47 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of ground straw which is rotary-tilled together with the fertilizer on the fallow belt is 4000kg to 7500 kg/mu.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising spraying urea onto the straw after the straw is covered on the fallow belt.
8. A method of growing as claimed in claim 7, wherein the urea is sprayed in an amount of 2.4-2.6 kg/acre.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising spraying a bio-insecticide onto the straw after covering the straw on the fallow belt.
10. A method of growing as claimed in claim 9, wherein the insecticide is a biopesticide; preferably, the dosage of the biological insecticide is 8-12 g/mu.
CN202110358704.6A 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Planting method for planting field Pending CN113079965A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115362893A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-11-22 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for cultivating corn in slope farmland

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1648271A1 (en) * 1989-03-22 1991-05-15 Научно-Производственное Объединение "Семеновод" Soil tilling method
CN103931378A (en) * 2014-03-25 2014-07-23 吉林农业大学 Corn planting and straw returning separated crop succession farming system
CN106304991A (en) * 2015-06-16 2017-01-11 安志国 Corn straw turnover corrosion-promotion soil moisture conservation cultivation method
CN110337854A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-10-18 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 It is a kind of that method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow
CN111406590A (en) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-14 长春市农业机械研究院 Protective farming method for returning all maize straws to field
CN111567339A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-08-25 德州市农业科学研究院 High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field
CN112056037A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 吉林省农业科学院 Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1648271A1 (en) * 1989-03-22 1991-05-15 Научно-Производственное Объединение "Семеновод" Soil tilling method
CN103931378A (en) * 2014-03-25 2014-07-23 吉林农业大学 Corn planting and straw returning separated crop succession farming system
CN106304991A (en) * 2015-06-16 2017-01-11 安志国 Corn straw turnover corrosion-promotion soil moisture conservation cultivation method
CN111406590A (en) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-14 长春市农业机械研究院 Protective farming method for returning all maize straws to field
CN110337854A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-10-18 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 It is a kind of that method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow
CN111567339A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-08-25 德州市农业科学研究院 High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field
CN112056037A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 吉林省农业科学院 Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115362893A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-11-22 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for cultivating corn in slope farmland

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