CN111406590A

CN111406590A - Protective farming method for returning all maize straws to field

Info

Publication number: CN111406590A
Application number: CN201910007144.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张维安; 王利斌; 于猛; 董永鹭; 杨德; 苏双屹; 初小兵; 由莉莉; 段小惠; 吴振宇; 王文强; 潘轶群; 宋清德; 齐秀云
Original assignee: Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-04
Filing date: 2019-01-04
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a crop planting method, in particular to a protective farming method for returning all rows of corn straws to field.

Description

Protective farming method for returning all maize straws to field

Technical Field

Background

In recent years, the corn planting generally adopts a straw burning treatment mode, so that the environment is seriously polluted, soil hardening and microorganism content reduction are caused, and a large amount of agricultural crop resources are not fully utilized. The no-tillage seeding machine is used for no-tillage seeding under the conditions that the corn straws are left stubbles and a small amount of straws are covered, so that the burning of the corn straws is reduced; however, once the straw coverage exceeds one third, the problem is brought to the mechanical no-tillage seeding, and the seeding quality is difficult to ensure. Meanwhile, the corn planting production links are multiple, and the machine repeats the ground operation, so that the cost is high, the corn production cost is reduced under the condition that the current corn price is very low, the corn planting benefit is improved, and the problem solving direction is pointed to farmers. The protective farming method for returning the whole corn straw to the field is developed on the basis of the wide-and-narrow-row crop rotation protective farming of the corn, the problems are solved in time, and the technology ensures that a clean seeding seedbed is cleaned under the condition that the whole corn straw is returned to the field, so that the subsequent no-tillage seeding can keep higher emergence rate, and the seeding is not influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a protective farming method for returning all maize straw to field.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the planting method comprises the following steps:

① when harvesting corn in autumn of the first year, the stalk crushing device is opened, and the crushed stalks are uniformly spread in the ground.

② row-grouping operation is performed by a rear-mounted straw row-grouping machine, crushed straws are grouped into planting rows of the first year, and leisure rows of the first year are cleaned to serve as planting rows of the second year.

③ the straw is not moved after being cleaned and overwintering.

④ in the sowing period of the spring of the next year, the front of the tractor is provided with the front straw sorting machine, the back is provided with the no-tillage sowing machine, the front straw sorting machine cleans a small amount of straws on the sowing belt, and the no-tillage sowing machine finishes the sowing operation on the clean sowing belt.

⑤ and after sowing in spring of the next year, spraying herbicide in real time, and sealing weeding operation.

⑥ in the next year of cultivation, using cultivation deep-loosening fertilizer applicator to perform deep-loosening and fertilizing.

⑦ and performing real-time plant protection, and spraying the pesticide according to the actual conditions of the next year to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.

⑧ harvesting in autumn next year, opening the straw crushing device, spraying the crushed straw to field, and performing circular rotation.

The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1. the implementation of the protective farming method for returning all the corn straws to the field makes the returning of all the corn straws possible, in the previous protective farming planting method for wide and narrow row crop rotation of corn, only 30-50% of the corn straws are returned to the field, no-tillage seeding is not affected, when the corn straws are returned to the field, the quality of the no-tillage seeding is affected, and phenomena such as seedling loss and seedling breakage are generated.

2. The invention has remarkable social benefit, returns the whole amount of straws to the field, improves the content of organic matters in the soil, is more favorable for fertilizing the land capability, reduces the application amount of the fertilizer, can not spray herbicide on the straw coverage, reduces the application amount of the herbicide, and is more favorable for producing organic nuisanceless agricultural products.

3. The invention cleans a clean seedbed through the row returning operation of the straw row returning machine, has no influence on the seeding operation and seedling emergence of the no-tillage seeder, greatly improves the number of the seedling-protecting plants for the protective tillage planting of the corn, and improves the grain yield.

4. According to the invention, through the row-returning operation of the straw row-returning machine, the leisure rows are basically not grown with grass due to the coverage of thick straws returned to the leisure rows, so that herbicide is not required to be sprayed on the straw coverage, and 30% of herbicide can be saved compared with the traditional corn wide-row and narrow-row rotation protective farming planting method.

5. The yield increasing and income increasing effect is remarkable, and the application of the fertilizer is reduced by 20% by returning the whole amount of the straws to the field and fertilizing the soil; the spraying of the herbicide is reduced by 30 percent through straw row-setting coverage; a clean seedbed is cleaned, the number of the protected seedlings is increased by 10%, and the throwing of corn seeds is saved; really realizes the income increase and expenditure saving of farmers and protects the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process route of the present invention.

Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of the planting mode of the invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Corn is planted according to a protective farming wide-narrow row crop rotation mode, as shown in figure 1, a corn combine harvester is used for harvesting in autumn in the first year, a straw smashing device is opened, straws are smashed and then evenly sprayed to the field during harvesting, then a rear-mounted straw row-returning machine is used for straw row returning operation, the smashed straws are returned to planting rows (with stubbles) in the first year, leisure rows in the first year are left for planting corn in the second year, and the corn is overwintering. In spring of the second year, due to the fact that wind blows and livestock tramples in winter, some straws returned in autumn of the first year are scattered on the sowing belt of the second year, the front-mounted straw returning machine is arranged in front of the tractor in spring of the second year, a small amount of straws on the sowing belt are thoroughly cleaned, seeding cannot be affected, and the back-mounted no-tillage sowing machine completes straw returning and no-tillage sowing compound operation in one step. Spraying herbicide to seal the weed. And in the intertillage period of the next year, performing intertillage, deep scarification and fertilization operation by using an intertillage, deep scarification and fertilization machine with a cutter. And spraying the medicament for plant protection in real time according to the condition. In autumn of the next year, the corn combine harvester is used for harvesting, meanwhile, the straws are uniformly sprayed and returned to the field, and the post-positioned straw returning machine is used for returning. And (5) circularly rotating.

Example 2

As shown in figure 2, the corn is planted according to a protective farming wide-narrow row (wide row 900mm, narrow row 400mm) rotation mode, the crushed straws in the autumn harvesting of the first year are gathered to the planting row (400mm wide) of the first year by a straw sorting machine, and a seeding belt is cleaned to be reserved as no-tillage seeding corn of the second year. As shown in figure 3, the leisure rows (900mm) of the first year are cleaned out in the second year to become the sowing belts (400mm wide) of the second year, the straws are gathered on the sowing belts of the first year by the straw sorting machine (with stubbles and 400mm wide), the sowing belts of the first year become the leisure rows of the second year, the straws are alternately put in turns, and the sowing belts are alternately changed. Through the actions of wind blowing, sun drying, rain and soil microorganisms, the straws are gradually reduced and returned to the field.

Claims

1. A protective tillage method for returning all rows of corn stalks to field includes such steps as rotating the corn stalks by 900mm wide and 400mm narrow rows to make a protective tillage planting field, harvesting in autumn while opening the stalk crusher of corn harvester, crushing the stalks, spraying them to field, ②, returning the crushed stalks to 400mm narrow rows, cleaning the fallow rows (900mm wide rows) in winter, sowing in spring, front stalk returning machine, back no-tillage, clearing small amount of stalks, sowing in clean sowing belt, ④, sowing in autumn, applying fertilizer, 56, applying fertilizer, sealing, sowing, 3929, applying fertilizer, sowing, and weeding.

2. The protective farming method of returning the corn stalks to the field in full rows and in full quantity according to claim 1, wherein: after the autumn corn is harvested, a rear-mounted straw row-grouping machine is used for row-grouping operation, the leisure rows in the first year are cleaned out and used for sowing the seeds in the second year.

3. The protective farming method of returning the corn stalks to the field in full rows and in full quantity according to claim 1, wherein: in the sowing period of the spring of the next year, the front-mounted straw row-sorting machine is hung in front of the tractor to perform straw row-sorting operation, the no-tillage sowing machine is arranged behind the tractor to perform no-tillage sowing operation, and the front part of the straw row-sorting machine is cleaned to form a clean sowing belt, so that the no-tillage sowing operation is not influenced by straws under the condition that the whole amount of straws are returned to the field of the no-tillage sowing machine.