CN111226709A - Corn straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method - Google Patents

Corn straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method Download PDF

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CN111226709A
CN111226709A CN201811441022.6A CN201811441022A CN111226709A CN 111226709 A CN111226709 A CN 111226709A CN 201811441022 A CN201811441022 A CN 201811441022A CN 111226709 A CN111226709 A CN 111226709A
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straw
year
tillage
straws
corn
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王利斌
于猛
董永鹭
张维安
王天慧
初小兵
吴振宇
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Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-return-to-row covering no-tillage operation method of corn straws, belonging to the field of agriculture. The method comprises the steps of 1, selecting land, 2, treating straws, 3, collecting straws in rows, 4, subsoiling in autumn, 5, no-tillage seeding, 6, applying herbicide in a reduced manner, 7, subsoiling in seedling stage and 8, managing diseases and insect pests, and forming a crop rotation mode in which a straw covering leisure belt and a cultivation belt are alternately carried out for two years. The invention effectively solves the contradiction between straw total returning and seeding, improves the straw returning amount of protective farming to 100 percent, has obvious soil moisture conservation operation in spring in the north, ensures the seeding effect and the rate of emergence, and has obvious yield increasing effect. The straw returning field protects the black land and is a powerful measure for building agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Corn straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method.
Background
At present, the corn planting technology adopts a small amount of straw returning and a large amount of straw burning mode, which seriously pollutes the environment, causes soil hardening and reduction of microorganism content, and a large amount of agricultural crop resources are not fully utilized.
The straws of crops contain a large amount of organic matters such as cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and the like, and also contain mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and the like, so that the straw is one of important fertilizer sources for agricultural production. The crop straws returned to the field as the fertilizer can effectively increase the content of organic matters in the soil, improve the soil and improve the soil fertility, and is particularly significant for relieving the contradiction of imbalance of the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in most soils in China and compensating the deficiency of the phosphorus and potassium fertility. The farmland ecological environment can be optimized by returning the crop straws to the field, and the environmental pollution caused by burning the straws can be avoided; the capability of accumulating rainwater in the soil is improved, the runoff loss is reduced, the natural rainfall is stored and utilized to the maximum extent, and the effect of covering and returning the field is the best. The returning of the crop straws to the field is an effective way for cost saving, efficiency improvement, fertilizer increase and soil fertility engineering, and is an essential practical technology for soil improvement, water retention, yield increase and ecological environment improvement in dry farming agricultural areas.
In recent years, no-tillage seeding machines are popularized and used for no-tillage seeding under the conditions of corn straw stubble residue and a small amount of straw coverage, so that the burning of corn straws is reduced, but the straw coverage is more than one third, so that the tillage problem is brought to mechanical no-tillage seeding, the seeding quality is difficult to ensure, the straw field-separating treatment is carried out by adopting straw packaging and other modes, so that the problems of high operation cost, serious soil compaction of a packaging machine and the like, low farmer acceptance degree and the like exist, meanwhile, the traditional corn planting production links are multiple, the mechanical repeated ground operation is caused, so that the cost is high, and the cultivation method capable of solving the problems is urgently needed in the practical corn production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corn straw full-quantity line-concentration covering no-tillage operation method, which has the advantages that the operation links are reduced by 2-3 times compared with the traditional cultivation, the whole-process mechanization and large-scale popularization and application are easy to realize, the contradiction between returning corn straws to the field and burning is solved, the no-tillage seeding quality is ensured under the condition of returning the corn straws to the field in full quantity, and the subsequent higher emergence rate is kept, so that the stable and high yield of corn planting is ensured, the defects of the existing cultivation method are overcome, an ecological good cultivation system is constructed, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention takes two years as a cycle period, and takes the straw treatment after autumn harvest as the beginning of a new planting year: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, land selection: is suitable for mechanized operation areas, and the land gradient is less than 10 degrees.
Step 2, straw treatment: after the autumn corn is mechanically harvested, all the straws are smashed by a straw returning machine on the corn harvester or an independent straw returning machine by about 10 cm and are thrown on the surface of the cultivated land, and the stubble height of the corn stubble is about 10 cm.
Step 3, straw row collection: in autumn, the corn straws spread on the ground in a scattered way are cleaned and collected by using equipment such as a straw collecting machine and the like to form straw belts of 50-60 cm, clean belts of 70-80 cm are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the clean belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw treatment operation of the whole land.
Step 4, deep loosening in autumn: deep scarification is carried out in the middle of a clean belt of 70-80 cm at a depth of 30-35 cm, soil is loosened after the deep scarification, a deep scarification ditch is closed, the ground surface is flat, and no large soil blocks influence the no-tillage seeding operation in the spring of the next year.
Step 5, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, after the soil with the depth of 5 cm passes 8 ℃, a no-tillage planter is adopted to perform no-tillage planting on a clean belt, and double-row seedling belts with the space of 40-50 cm are adopted, so that the dense planting can be properly performed. According to the soil moisture content, if the soil moisture content is poor, a soil cleaning and drying device (a preposed collecting machine or a scraping shovel) is required to be arranged on a tractor at the front end of the no-tillage seeding machine so as to ensure that the seeds of the no-tillage seeding machine can fall on a seed bed with better soil moisture content and obtain better emergence rate.
Step 6, reducing the application of herbicide: spraying herbicide within one week after seeding, modifying the existing spraying equipment, changing the uniform method of spraying one nozzle with the distance of 60 cm, arranging the nozzles with the double-row seedling belts with the distance of 40-50 cm as the center, and only spraying herbicide on the double-row seedling belts. Herbicide is not sprayed between ridges, and a large amount of straws are covered between ridges, so that the illumination conditions of seed germination and growth are isolated, and weeds are not grown between ridges basically.
Step 7, deep scarification in the seedling stage: because a large amount of straws cover among the ridges, the temperature of the soil is lower, the growth of seedlings after no-tillage is not facilitated, and the deep loosening in the seedling stage can be carried out as early as possible according to the soil moisture content so as to improve the ground temperature and accommodate rainfall. A subsoiler with a straw cutter is adopted for subsoiling in the seedling stage so as to solve the problem that the straw is wound on a subsoiler. The deep fertilizing operation can be simultaneously carried out during intertillage and deep scarification, and a proper amount of urea is applied, so that the growth of plants is promoted on one hand, and the nitrogen fertilizer required by straw decay is solved on the other hand.
Step 8, pest and disease management: as the whole amount of the straws is returned to the field, eggs and germs existing in the last year are inevitably carried in the straws, so that the inspection and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests need to be enhanced, the corn borers and the corn moths are mainly inspected for the insect pests, and the large and small leaf spots, the powdery mildew, the virus diseases and the like are mainly inspected for the diseases and insect pests, and the problems such as the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests are solved in time.
The implementation in the second year comprises the steps of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, and the key difference lies in that the straws are gathered on the planting belt in the current year, the straw covering belt (leisure belt) in the current year becomes a sowing planting belt in the second year, and so on, the straw covering belt is formed, the tillage belt is alternated, the problem of returning the whole amount of straws to the field is solved, and a rotation mode is formed.
The essence of the invention is as follows: the method is a novel cultivation method combining technologies of full-straw row-gathering coverage returning, alternate crop rotation of a straw belt and a planting belt for two years, no-tillage precision planting, autumn subsoiling and seedling stage subsoiling, reduction application of chemical weeding and the like.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
protecting environment and soil. The straw full-amount returning coverage avoids the pollution of straw burning to the environment, meanwhile, the straw rotting can increase soil organic matters, gradually reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizers, slow down soil hardening, and improve the soil permeability and tiltability.
Drought resistance and soil moisture conservation. The full-amount corn straw row-collecting covering no-tillage technology realizes no-soil preparation and direct no-tillage seeding, and the soil moisture content is better than that of the traditional tillage. The drought resistance performance is very prominent by comparing with the conventional planting mode. Test data show that in the initial sowing period of 5 months, the soil temperature and the water content in the sowing period are actually measured and checked, and the protective cultivation water content in the soil is higher than 10% at the depth of 5 cm.
Inhibiting the growth of weeds. The straw coverage zone formed by straw row-concentration coverage no-tillage technology has the straw thickness of 7-8 cm, so that the weeds are effectively prevented from absorbing photosynthetic heat, and the weeds can not grow on the straw zone basically, thereby reducing the occurrence of weed damage and reducing the use of pesticides.
The seedlings are uniform. In spring, the straw collecting and row covering no-tillage technology collects scattered straws on the ground surface into a leisure area, dry soil on the ground surface is cleaned according to the soil moisture content and is also collected into the leisure area, and the seeding planting area is clean, so that the good soil moisture content is kept, and the excellent rate of emergence can be ensured.
The investment is reduced. The straw row-collecting technology is used, the packed land or the land with less straw can be directly operated in spring, the front of the tractor is collected in rows, and the back of the tractor is directly sowed, so that the times of the machine entering the land are reduced, the compaction of the machine to the soil is reduced, the cost is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
Stable yield and obvious yield increasing effect. From the aspect of growth, the corn growth vigor of each demonstration point is better than that of the control field. From the fruit cluster, the tip of the demonstration field is obviously less than that of the demonstration field, and from the yield, each demonstration point has stable yield and slightly increased yield which is about 3 percent.
Ridge culture is changed into flat culture: when the straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method is implemented in the first year, if the conventional uniform ridges are formed in the previous year, the ridge shapes are relatively protruded, the ridge shapes need to be rotated and leveled, the row spacing of a no-tillage seeder is adjusted to be 40 cm-50 cm during seeding, the inner sides of two adjacent ridges are sowed, one ridge is separated from another ridge, and then the inner sides of the other two ridges are sowed, so that a 40-50 cm planting belt double-row mode is formed. And the planting and planting are alternately carried out every other year according to the planting zone and the straw zone, planting and breeding are combined, and the fallow is alternately carried out, so that the water and fertilizer resources of the soil are more reasonably utilized, and the organic matters of the soil are more uniformly increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mode of operation of the present invention: wherein A is the indication of straw row-collecting operation and deep-loosening operation in autumn of the first year, B is the indication of no-tillage seeding, deep-loosening topdressing and decrement pesticide application operation in spring of the first year, C is the indication of straw row-collecting operation and deep-loosening operation in autumn of the second year, and D is the indication of no-tillage seeding, deep-loosening topdressing and decrement pesticide application operation in spring of the second year.
In the figure: 1. straw covering belt, 2 clean belt, 3 autumn deep scarification, 4 corn plant, 5 current year seedling belt, 6 seedling stage deep scarification, 7 pesticide spraying nozzle, 8 second year straw covering belt, 9 second year clean belt, 10 second year autumn deep scarification, 11 second year seedling belt and 12 second year seedling stage deep scarification.
The specific implementation scheme is as follows:
example 1
A straw full-quantity row-covering no-tillage operation method takes two years as a cycle period, and comprises a first year and a second year of implementation.
The implementation of the first year specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, land selection: the method is suitable for mechanized operation areas, the cultivated soil layer is larger than 40cm, the land gradient is smaller than 10 degrees, and the cultivated layer is free of obstacles such as stones, tree roots and the like.
Step 2, straw treatment: when the corn is harvested by using a 4-row corn harvester such as John Dier, brave and the like, a straw returning machine on the corn harvester is rotated, and the corn straws in a harvested field are crushed into about 10 cm and are thrown on the surface of a cultivated land.
Step 3, straw row collection: in autumn, a 40-60 horsepower tractor is used for hanging 2 rows or 4 rows of rear-mounted straw collecting machines and other equipment, the corn straws which are scattered on the ground surface are cleaned and collected to form 50-60 cm straw belts, 70-80 cm clean belts are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the clean belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw treatment operation of the whole land.
Step 4, deep loosening in autumn: a John Diel 704 tractor is used for hanging a 2-shovel subsoiler, each shovel on the subsoiler should be in the middle of a clean zone of 70-80 cm for 30-35 cm deep scarification, soil is kept loose and broken after the deep scarification, a deep scarification ditch is closed, the ground surface is smooth, and no large soil blocks influence the no-tillage seeding operation in the spring of the next year.
Step 5, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, after the soil passes 8 ℃ at the depth of 5 cm, no-tillage seeding is carried out on clean belts by using no-tillage seeding machines such as Kangda and the like, and double-row seedling belts with the space of 40-50 cm are adopted for close planting by 10 percent.
Step 6, reducing the application of herbicide: spraying herbicide within one week after seeding, modifying the existing spraying equipment, changing the uniform method of spraying one nozzle with the distance of 60 cm, arranging the nozzles with the double-row seedling belts with the distance of 40-50 cm as the center, and only spraying herbicide on the double-row seedling belts. A40 horsepower tractor is used for hanging a spray boom, 6 spray heads are installed, and herbicide spraying of 6 seedling belts is completed at one time.
Step 7, deep scarification in the seedling stage: when the corn seedlings grow to 20-25 cm or enter the beginning of 6 months, the seedling stage can be deeply loosened as early as possible according to the soil moisture content so as to improve the ground temperature and accommodate rainfall. The method is characterized in that a 554 or 604 tractor is selected to hang a deep scarifier in the seedling stage, the deep scarification is carried out in the middle of a straw covering belt, the depth of the deep scarification is 25-30 cm, and the deep fertilizing operation can be carried out during intertillage and deep scarification.
Step 8, pest and disease management: in the key period of the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, the corn borers and corn moths are checked, the large and small leaf spots and the like are checked, and the number of the diseases and the insect pests is not obviously increased compared with that of a control field.
The second year is implemented, and comprises the steps 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the key difference lies in that the step 3 has a clear requirement on the straw collecting position in the straw collecting row, namely the straws are required to be collected to the upper side of the planting zone of the current year, the straw covering zone of the current year becomes a clean zone (second-year seedling zone), and the step 4, the step 5, the step 6 and the step 7 operate in the clean zone (second-year seedling zone) of the second year to form the two-year straw covering zone and the seedling zone alternation, so that the quality of no-tillage seeding is guaranteed, the full-scale returning of the straws is solved, and a crop rotation mode is formed.
Example 2
A straw full-quantity row-covering no-tillage operation method takes two years as a cycle period, and comprises a first year and a second year of implementation.
The implementation of the first year specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, land selection: the method is suitable for mechanized operation areas, the cultivated soil layer is larger than 40cm, the land gradient is smaller than 10 degrees, and the cultivated layer is free of obstacles such as stones, tree roots and the like.
Step 2, straw treatment: if the corn stalks are harvested manually, the corn stalks stand in the field, a single straw returning machine can be hung by a 904-degree tractor, the straws standing in the field are completely crushed into about 10 cm and thrown on the surface of the cultivated land.
Step 3, step 4, straw gathering and deep loosening in autumn: a604 or 704 tractor is utilized, a 2-row straw collecting machine is hung in front of the tractor, a 2-row subsoiler is hung behind the tractor, the collecting machine, the tractor and the subsoiler synchronously operate to finish the cleaning, collection and subsoiling of the corn straws on the ground surface at one time to form a 50-60 cm straw belt, a 70-80 cm clean belt is formed between the straw belts, 30-35 cm subsoiling is carried out in the middle of the clean belt, the straw belt and the clean belt are preferably spaced, soil in the middle of the clean belt is loosened, and the operation of the whole piece of land is finished.
Step 5, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, after the soil with the depth of 5 cm passes through 8 ℃, no-tillage seeding operation can be carried out, but the soil moisture content should be observed, if the soil moisture content is poor, a soil drying device needs to be arranged on a tractor at the front end of the no-tillage seeding, namely, a front gathering machine or a soil scraping shovel is arranged at the front end of the tractor to treat surface soil, no-tillage seeding is carried out on a clean belt, double-row seedling belts with the distance of 40-50 cm are adopted, close planting is carried out for 10%, so that seeds of the no-tillage seeding can fall on a seedbed with good soil moisture content, and better emergence rate is obtained.
Step 6, reducing the application of herbicide: spraying herbicide within one week after seeding, modifying the existing spraying equipment, changing the uniform method of spraying one nozzle with the distance of 60 cm, arranging the nozzles with the double-row seedling belts with the distance of 40-50 cm as the center, and only spraying herbicide on the double-row seedling belts. A40 horsepower tractor is used for hanging a spray rod, 4 spray heads are installed, and herbicide spraying of 4 seedling belts is completed at one time.
Step 7, deep scarification in the seedling stage: when the corn seedlings enter the early 6 months, the seedlings can be deeply loosened as early as possible according to the soil moisture content so as to improve the ground temperature and accommodate rainfall. The method is characterized in that a 554 or 604 tractor is selected to hang a deep scarification machine in the seedling stage, the deep scarification is carried out in the middle of a straw covering belt, the depth of the deep scarification is 25-30 cm, the intertillage deep scarification can be carried out simultaneously, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and 300 jin per hectare.
Step 8, pest and disease management: in the key period of the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, the corn borers and corn moths are checked, the large and small leaf spots and the like are checked, and the number of the diseases and the insect pests is not obviously increased compared with that of a control field.
The second year is implemented, and comprises the steps 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the key difference lies in that the step 3 is that the straw gathering row has a clear requirement on the straw gathering position, namely the straws need to be gathered to the upper side of the planting belt of the current year, the straw covering belt of the current year becomes a clean belt (second-year seedling belt), and the step 4, the step 5, the step 6 and the step 7 are operated in the clean belt (second-year seedling belt) of the second year to form the alternation of the two-year straw covering belt and the seedling belt, so that no-tillage seeding is ensured on the clean belt, the quality of seeding and seedling emergence is ensured, the full-scale returning of the straws to the field is solved, and a crop rotation mode is formed.
According to the working method, working is carried out in eight towns in elm markets in 1,2016, 2017 and 2018, 400 hectares are demonstrated in 2016, 2600 hectares in 2017 and 5600 hectares in 2018, the contradiction between straw burning and straw returning is really solved, the difficulty that a no-tillage seeding machine with large straw quantity cannot work is solved, the problem that the protective tillage standard is low due to the fact that the straw is returned to the field, organic matters of soil are increased, and the working method has great significance for protecting the environment and black land.
According to the working conditions of example 2,2016, 2017 and 2018, the operation is carried out in Qingshan mountain in agricultural and Amphibian county, 800 hectares are demonstrated in 2016, 5200 hectares in 2017 and 13700 hectares in 2018, the technology really solves the contradiction between straw burning and straw returning under the situation that the burning of straws is completely forbidden at present, the operation links are combined and synchronously operated, the mechanization degree is high, the number of times of entering the field of a locomotive is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, the effect of sowing and soil moisture preservation in spring is obvious, the water content is higher than that of a control field by more than 12 percent according to the measurement, the seedling emergence rate in spring drought in 2018 is higher by 30-50 percent, meanwhile, the straw increases organic matters in soil, the environment is protected, and the establishment of a farming system combining land application and soil conservation is facilitated.

Claims (5)

1. A corn straw full-quantity row-collecting covering no-tillage operation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, land selection: the method is suitable for mechanized operation areas, and the land gradient is less than 10 degrees; step 2, straw treatment: after mechanically harvesting the corn in autumn, smashing all the straws by using a straw returning machine on the corn harvester or an independent straw returning machine by about 10 cm, and throwing the smashed straws on the surface of the cultivated land, wherein the stubble height of the corn stubble is about 10 cm; step 3, straw row collection: in autumn, the corn straws spread on the ground surface in a scattered way are cleaned and collected by utilizing equipment such as a straw collecting machine and the like to form straw belts of 50-60 cm, clean belts of 70-80 cm are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the clean belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw treatment operation of the whole land; step 4, deep loosening in autumn: deep scarification is carried out in the middle of a clean belt of 70-80 cm at a depth of 30-35 cm, soil is loosened after the deep scarification, a deep scarification ditch is closed, the ground surface is flat, and no large soil blocks influence the no-tillage seeding operation in the spring of the next year; step 5, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, after the soil with the depth of 5 cm passes 8 ℃, a no-tillage planter is adopted to perform no-tillage planting on a clean belt, and double-row seedling belts with the space of 40-50 cm are adopted to perform proper close planting; step 6, reducing the application of herbicide: spraying herbicide within one week after seeding, modifying the existing spraying equipment, changing the uniform method of spraying one nozzle with the distance of 60 cm, arranging the nozzles with the double-row seedling belts with the distance of 40-50 cm as the center, and only spraying herbicide on the double-row seedling belts. Herbicide is not sprayed between ridges, and a large amount of straws are covered between the ridges, so that the illumination conditions of seed germination and growth are isolated, and weeds are not grown between the ridges basically; step 7, deep scarification in the seedling stage: because a large amount of straws cover among the ridges, the temperature of the soil is lower, the growth of seedlings after no-tillage is not facilitated, and the deep loosening in the seedling stage can be carried out as early as possible according to the soil moisture content so as to improve the ground temperature and accommodate rainfall. A subsoiler with a straw cutter is adopted for subsoiling in the seedling stage so as to solve the problem that the straw is wound on a subsoiler. Carrying out deep fertilizing operation while intertillage and deep scarification, and applying a proper amount of urea to promote plant growth and solve the problem of nitrogen fertilizer required by straw decay; step 8, pest and disease management: as the whole amount of the straws is returned to the field, eggs and germs existing in the last year are inevitably carried in the straws, so that the inspection and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests need to be enhanced, the corn borers and the corn moths are mainly inspected for the insect pests, and the large and small leaf spots, the powdery mildew, the virus diseases and the like are mainly inspected for the diseases and insect pests, and the problems such as the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests are solved in time.
2. The corn stalk full row-gathering covering no-tillage operation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first year and the second year are implemented according to the steps, the key difference lies in that the positions of the straw covering belts in the first year and the second year are different, the straws are collected on the planting belt in the current year every year, the straw covering belt (leisure belt) in the current year becomes a seeding and planting belt in the second year, and so on, the alternation of the straw covering leisure belt and the cultivation belt is formed, and a 2-year rotation mode is formed.
3. The corn stalk full row-gathering covering no-tillage operation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 3 can be carried out in autumn or spring.
4. The corn stalk full row-gathering covering no-tillage operation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 3 and the step 4 can be operated independently, and can also be combined to form a synchronous operation mode in the front and the back of the tractor.
5. The corn stalk full row-gathering covering no-tillage operation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 3 and the step 5 can be operated independently, and can also be combined to form a synchronous operation mode in the front and the back of the tractor.
CN201811441022.6A 2018-11-29 2018-11-29 Corn straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method Pending CN111226709A (en)

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CN112136619A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-29 大庆市农业技术推广中心 Weeding method based on no-burning, line-collecting, covering, returning and no-tillage seeding of corn straws 4090
CN112219654A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-15 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Corn cultivation and planting method for northeast black soil area
CN112293180A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-02 辽宁省农业科学院 Corn full-straw staggered horizontal straw returning two-space-to-space planting method
CN112314362A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-02-05 吉林农业大学 Single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn
CN112956350A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-06-15 东北农业大学 Method for reducing pesticide application and improving pesticide efficiency in straw returning large-ridge double-row planting mode
CN113273456A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-08-20 山西农业大学 Sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting process machine integrated sowing method
CN113396661A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Water-heat comprehensive regulation and control method for dry farmland fertilizer in freeze thawing area
CN114431085A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-06 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Planting method for alternating rotation of corn
CN114651683A (en) * 2022-03-08 2022-06-24 吉林省农业科学院 Fertilizer-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method for corn in northeast black soil area under protective farming
CN114793795A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-07-29 王军平 Fallow and rotation method for returning corn straws to field
CN115486227A (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-20 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Deep-scarification and shallow-harrowing cultivation method for straw covering strips

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CN112136619A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-29 大庆市农业技术推广中心 Weeding method based on no-burning, line-collecting, covering, returning and no-tillage seeding of corn straws 4090
CN112219654A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-15 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Corn cultivation and planting method for northeast black soil area
CN112293180A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-02 辽宁省农业科学院 Corn full-straw staggered horizontal straw returning two-space-to-space planting method
CN112314362B (en) * 2020-12-11 2023-03-14 吉林农业大学 Single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn
CN112314362A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-02-05 吉林农业大学 Single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn
CN113273456A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-08-20 山西农业大学 Sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting process machine integrated sowing method
CN112956350A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-06-15 东北农业大学 Method for reducing pesticide application and improving pesticide efficiency in straw returning large-ridge double-row planting mode
CN113396661A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Water-heat comprehensive regulation and control method for dry farmland fertilizer in freeze thawing area
CN114651683A (en) * 2022-03-08 2022-06-24 吉林省农业科学院 Fertilizer-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method for corn in northeast black soil area under protective farming
CN114431085A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-06 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Planting method for alternating rotation of corn
CN114431085B (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-11-21 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Alternate rotation planting method for corn
CN114793795A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-07-29 王军平 Fallow and rotation method for returning corn straws to field
CN115486227A (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-20 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Deep-scarification and shallow-harrowing cultivation method for straw covering strips

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