CN112314362B - Single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn - Google Patents
Single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn, which aims to solve the problems that the existing northeast corn planting mode is unreasonable and the yield cannot be continuously improved, and is realized according to the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: carrying out dark pine, rotary tillage, level land, fertilization in spring of the first year, carrying out earlier stage treatment to planting the place with the ridger, three adjacent caves of planting maize are isosceles triangle and distribute, step two: because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, corns are planted on two rows of planting lines of ridge platforms during planting, and the step three is as follows: aiming at the stubble treatment of the first year and the second year, in the spring of the third year, no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the first year; step four: aiming at the stubble treatment in the previous year, no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position in the second year in spring, and stubble-remaining straws and stubbles on all ridges are returned to the field after harvesting in autumn; step five: and (5) performing cyclic seeding according to the steps from the first step to the fourth step in the next cycle period. The invention is used in the field of agricultural planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a corn planting method, in particular to a single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
The grain is the foundation for human survival and development, the social stability is the foundation stone, and the northeast black soil region is particularly important for national grain safety. The most direct method for guaranteeing national food safety is to improve the food yield, and various transgenic corn and other technologies are applied, but the problem that the yield cannot be continuously improved exists at present, so the most direct and effective method for improving the yield is close planting.
The cultivation of one taste has great damage to the black land, which can directly cause the problems of water and soil loss, soil fertility reduction and the like, and further indirectly influences the yield of the grain crops. The existing protective farming mode mainly reduces the soil farming times by no-tillage seeding, deep scarification and the like, breaks the bottom layer of the farming plough and improves the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil. The existing farming mode achieves a certain effect on soil protection, but does not greatly improve planting quantity and yield. Therefore, a close planting protective farming planting mode is required to be provided by combining protective farming and close planting technologies.
The invention provides a corn single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method which is used for improving the planting density of corn and reasonably designing the agronomic problem in the planting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn, aiming at solving the problems that the existing northeast corn planting mode is unreasonable and the yield cannot be continuously improved.
The method is realized according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: deep scarification, rotary tillage, land leveling and fertilization are carried out in spring of the first year, and a ridger is used for carrying out early-stage treatment on a planting field, so that the planting field is a planting field with ridge furrows and ridge platforms alternated in sequence, the cross section of each ridge platform is trapezoidal, and the cross section of each ridge furrow is trapezoidal; a tractor running ramp needs to be reserved between every two ridges, four rows of seeders are adopted, every two groups of seeding monomers are adjusted to a specified distance, the distance between the two groups of monomers is a ridge distance, two seed-metering planting lines are arranged on a ridge platform along the length direction, corns are sequentially sowed on each seed-metering planting line along the length direction, the corns on the two seed-metering planting lines on each ridge platform are arranged in a staggered mode, three adjacent holes for planting the corns are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the arrangement mode is circulated, and the corns are planted on the ridges in the isosceles triangle shape; the tractor is used again in the middle and late ten days of June for intertillage operation of weeding and topdressing, and weeding and fertilizing are carried out on the corns in the planting field; after autumn corn is harvested, stubbles are left between ridges, and then the straws are smashed and returned to the field, so that the plowing of the land is effectively reduced, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
Step two: because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, stubble is still left in the soil, corns are planted on the two rows of planting lines of the ridge table during planting, each corn planted in the second year is planted in the middle position between two corns planted in the first year, and the corns planted in the two rows of planting lines on each ridge table in the second year are arranged in a staggered mode; one corn of one seed-metering planting line on each ridge platform and two adjacent corns of the other row of planting lines are arranged in an isosceles triangle, and intertillage, weeding and topdressing are carried out in the middle and last ten days of June; when the straws are harvested in autumn, the straws in the first year are all rotten, so that stubbles on the ridges in the first year and the second year are left after the straws are harvested, and the straws are smashed and returned to the field; therefore, no-tillage seeding can be well carried out in the next cycle period;
step three: aiming at the stubble treatment of the first year and the second year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the second year of stubble remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the first year in spring of the third year, the position for planting corn is the position for planting each corn in the first year, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and the last ten days of June, rotten straws of the second year and the third year are left stubbles among ridges after harvest in autumn, and then the straws are smashed and returned to the field;
step four: aiming at the stubble treatment of the previous year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the stubble of the third year remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the second year in spring, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and last ten days of June, and the stubble-remaining straws and the stubble on all ridges are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvesting in autumn;
step five: and (5) performing cyclic seeding according to the steps from the first step to the fourth step in the next cycle period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs a corn single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method, which adopts the existing uniform-ridge tillage method, plants two rows in the same year in a staggered manner, and plants the same row alternately every other year, so that the farmland is utilized to the maximum extent, the soil temperature is improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, the organic matter content and the water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity of the soil are improved, and a staggered planting mode can be carried out according to the soil planting condition.
1. Through adopting the existing ploughing method of even ridges, two lines are planted in a staggered manner in the same year, and the alternate planting operation mode of the same line every other year is adopted, the mode of combining straw mulching and returning to the field, stubble remaining and turning and burying is adopted for the planting in the first year, so that the no-tillage planting in the second year is realized, the problem that the sudden organic matter content cannot be increased by crushing and turning and burying is solved, the soil surface differentiation and water and soil loss are reduced, 50% of straw returning amount is reserved, and the alternate planting method can be used for alternate planting corn in the same line every other year. The maximum amount of straw returning is increased, and the straws can still rot under the ground temperature state.
2. The staggered close planting operation not only improves the water storage and moisture preservation capability of the soil, increases the lighting rate and the ventilation rate of crops, but also avoids the reduction of the content of organic matters in the soil and the resource waste. The planting density can reach 10 ten thousand plants per hectare at most, the cultivated land is utilized to the maximum extent, the yield increasing potential is activated, and the corn planting yield per hectare is increased by 8 percent by the planting method.
3. The subsoiling operation in the first year promotes the exchange of soil and external substances, improves the temperature of the soil and accelerates the melting of the frozen layer. The procedures of arranging and compacting the seedbed, extruding and covering soil, heavily compacting and the like improve the water content of the soil. The deep scarification is combined with the protective cultivation, so that the organic matter content of the soil is improved while the land is reasonably utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn according to the present application. The solid origin in the figure is the planting position of the first year, and the hollow circle in the figure is the planting position of the second year.
FIG. 2 is the single body installation position schematic diagram of the single-ridge double-row staggered close planting seeder of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planting position of corn in autumn in the first year in a single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of planting positions of spring in the second year and planting positions in the first year in the single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method of the corn.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of sequential staggered planting positions of single-ridge single rows and single-ridge double rows in the single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method of corn.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single-ridge single-row planting position of the single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn according to the application.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the method for close planting corn in a single-ridge double-row staggered manner in the embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: deep scarification, rotary tillage, land leveling and fertilization are carried out in spring of the first year, and a ridger is used for carrying out early-stage treatment on a planting field, so that the planting field is a planting field with ridge furrows and ridge platforms alternated in sequence, the cross section of each ridge platform is trapezoidal, and the cross section of each ridge furrow is trapezoidal; a tractor running ramp needs to be reserved between every two ridges, four rows of seeders are adopted, every two groups of seeding monomers are adjusted to a specified distance, the distance between the two groups of monomers is a ridge distance, two seed-metering planting lines are arranged on a ridge platform along the length direction, corns are sequentially sowed on each seed-metering planting line along the length direction, the corns on the two seed-metering planting lines on each ridge platform are arranged in a staggered mode, three adjacent holes for planting the corns are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the arrangement mode is circulated, and the corns are planted on the ridges in the isosceles triangle shape; the tractor is used again in the middle and late ten days of June for intertillage operation of weeding and topdressing, and weeding and fertilizing are carried out on the corns in the planting field; after autumn corn is harvested, stubbles are left between ridges, and then the straws are smashed and returned to the field, so that the plowing of the land is effectively reduced, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
Step two: because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, stubble is still left in the soil, corns are planted on the two rows of planting lines of the ridge table during planting, each corn planted in the second year is planted in the middle position between two corns planted in the first year, and the corns planted in the two rows of planting lines on each ridge table in the second year are arranged in a staggered mode; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; when the straws are harvested in autumn, the straws in the first year are all rotten, so that stubbles on the ridges in the first year and the second year are left after the straws are harvested, and the straws are smashed and returned to the field; therefore, no-tillage seeding can be well carried out in the next cycle period;
step three: aiming at the stubble treatment of the first year and the second year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the second year of stubble remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the first year in spring of the third year, the position for planting corn is the position for planting each corn in the first year, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and the last ten days of June, rotten straws of the second year and the third year are left stubbles among ridges after harvest in autumn, and then the straws are smashed and returned to the field;
step four: aiming at the stubble treatment of the previous year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the stubble of the third year remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the second year in spring, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and last ten days of June, and the stubble-remaining straws and the stubble on all ridges are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvesting in autumn;
step five: and (5) performing cyclic seeding according to the steps from the first step to the fourth step in the next cycle period.
The first year of planting in this embodiment: soil tillage is carried out in spring, preparation work of deep scarification, flat land and fertilization is carried out, combined operation of rotary tillage, ridging and seeding is adopted when tillage is carried out, the ridges are trapezoidal, tractor running ramps need to be reserved between every two ridges, single-seed precise seeding or one-hole multiple seeding is adopted for corn planting, four-row seeding machines are adopted, every two groups of seeding monomers are adjusted to a specified distance, the distance between the two groups of monomers is a ridge distance, three adjacent holes for planting corn are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the arrangement mode is circulated, and the corn is planted on the ridges in an isosceles triangle shape; the tractor is used again in the middle and late six months for intertillage operation of weeding and topdressing; after autumn corns are harvested, an operation mode of combining high stubble remaining and smashing and returning to the field is adopted among ridges, the plowing of the land is effectively reduced, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
In the second year: because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, stubbles still remain in the soil, and no-tillage seeding is carried out between two stubbles in the same row in spring; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and last ten days of June; when the straw is harvested in autumn, the straws in the first year are all rotten, and after the straws are harvested in the first year, the straws and the stubbles which are left on the ridges planted in the second year are smashed, covered and returned to the field, so that no-tillage seeding can be well carried out in the next two-year cycle, and deep scarification and land preparation are carried out after four years of cycle operation.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the method for single-ridge double-row staggered close planting of corn in the embodiment has a distance L between two adjacent ridge stands in the first step, and the value of L is 650mm. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment of the method for single-ridge double-row staggered close planting of corn in the embodiment is described, in the second step, the distance between two seeding planting lines on each ridge is d, and the numerical value of d is 200mm. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the embodiment, referring to fig. 1, in the step two, one corn of one seed-metering planting line on each ridge platform and two adjacent corns of the other row of planting lines are arranged in an isosceles triangle. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the method for single-ridge double-row staggered close planting of corn in the embodiment comprises the step three of crushing the straws, namely, scattering the straws with the thickness of more than 500mm at the furrow. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the method for single-ridge double-row staggered close planting of corn in the embodiment comprises the steps of deep loosening, flat land leveling, fertilization, rotary tillage and ridging of soil in spring, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 120-150mm. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the embodiment is described, and in the embodiment, in the second step, the distance between two adjacent corns on each seeding and planting line is h, the value of h is 150mm, and the seeding depth of the corns is 50mm. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the corn single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method in the embodiment is used for weeding and fertilizing the corn in middle and last ten days of June in the third step. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the method for single-ridge double-row staggered close planting of corn in the embodiment adopts a no-tillage seeding machine to simultaneously carry out precision seeding and side deep fertilization operation in the second year in the fourth step, the corn is sowed between two stubbles of the same planting line without tillage, the depth of the rotary tillage operation is 12-15cm before sowing in the second year, and the depth of fertilization is 5-6cm. The other methods are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in spring of the first year, a rotary tillage and seeding combined machine is adopted to simultaneously carry out rotary tillage, ridging, precision seeding and side deep fertilization, and the rotary tillage operation depth is 12-15cm; the ridge shape of ridging 65cm is trapezoidal, the tractor driving ramp needs to be reserved between every two ridges and is 50cm, single-seed precision seeding or one-hole multi-seed planting is adopted for corn planting, four-row seeders are adopted, every two groups of seeding monomers are adjusted to a specified distance, the distance between the two groups of monomers is a ridge distance, three adjacent holes for corn planting are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the row distance of two rows on the same ridge is 20cm, the plant distance of the same row is 30cm, and three adjacent seeds are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape in an even ridge 65cm planting and ploughing method. The vertical distance between every two adjacent seeds is 20cm, the arrangement mode is circulated, and the corns are planted on the ridges in an isosceles triangle distribution manner; the sowing depth is 5cm, and the ditch bottom is pressed when the ditching operation is carried out. Weeding and topdressing are carried out in the middle and late June days by adopting a matched intertillage weeding fertilizer applicator. In the second year, because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, stubbles still remain in the soil, and no-tillage seeding is carried out between two stubbles in the same row in spring; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; when the straws in the first year are harvested in autumn, all the straws in the first year are rotten, so that stubble-remaining straws and stubbles on ridges in the first year and the second year are crushed, covered and returned to fields, no-tillage seeding can be well performed in the next cycle, and deep loosening and land preparation are performed four years after the cycle.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, high stubble remaining operation is carried out while harvesting in autumn in the first year, the straw part with the stubble height of 350-500mm and the stubble height of more than 350-500mm is flatly paved on the ground, the straw flatly paved on the ridges is smashed, covered and returned to the fields, the flatly paved inter-ridge color is turned and buried, and the turning and burying depth is below 10 cm. Harvesting is carried out by adopting a corn harvester in autumn. As the straws in the first year are easy to break and decompose, a no-tillage seeding machine is adopted to simultaneously carry out precision seeding and side deep fertilization in the spring of the second year, no-tillage seeding is carried out between two stubbles in the same row, the depth of the rotary tillage operation in spring is 12-15cm, and the depth of fertilization is 5-6cm. And the segmented pressing device is adopted for performing segmented pressing in the pressing operation. In the middle and late days of June, a matched intertillage and fertilization herbicide machine is adopted for inter-row weeding and topdressing. After the autumn corn harvester operates, 50% of straws are left to be laid on the ground surface, and straw crushing and field returning operation is carried out, so that ridging can be carried out again in the next cycle.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in the staggered planting mode of single-ridge single row and single-ridge double row, in the first year, single-ridge single row positions are planted at fixed positions, adjacent rows are planted in a single-ridge double-row mode, and in the second year, three adjacent holes of corns planted in the single-ridge rows are planted in an isosceles triangle distribution mode, so that the planting density is increased while the ventilation capacity is enhanced, and the steps of soil treatment, fertilization, flat land and the like in the earlier stage are the same as the single-ridge double-row treatment mode; single-ridge single file mode of planting, first year, single-ridge single file position adopts fixed position to plant, and the adjacent three caves of planting maize in the second year are isosceles triangle and distribute, improve the efficiency of no-tillage seeding.
Claims (8)
1. A single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for corn is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: deep scarification, rotary tillage, land leveling and fertilization are carried out in spring of the first year, and a ridger is used for carrying out early-stage treatment on a planting field, so that the planting field is a planting field with ridge furrows and ridge platforms alternated in sequence, the cross section of each ridge platform is trapezoidal, and the cross section of each ridge furrow is trapezoidal; a tractor running ramp needs to be reserved between every two ridges, four rows of seeders are adopted, every two groups of seeding monomers are adjusted to a specified distance, the distance between the two groups of monomers is a ridge distance, two seed-metering planting lines are arranged on a ridge platform along the length direction, corns are sequentially sowed on each seed-metering planting line along the length direction, the corns on the two seed-metering planting lines on each ridge platform are arranged in a staggered mode, three adjacent holes for planting the corns are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the arrangement mode is circulated, and the corns are planted on the ridges in the isosceles triangle shape; the tractor is used again in the middle and late ten days of June for intertillage operation of weeding and topdressing, and weeding and fertilizing are carried out on the corns in the planting field; after harvesting the autumn corns, adopting inter-ridge stubbles, and then crushing the straws and returning the straws to the field;
step two: because the soil is subjected to no-tillage treatment in the previous year, stubble is still left in the soil, corns are planted on the two rows of planting lines of the ridge table during planting, each corn planted in the second year is planted in the middle position between two corns planted in the first year, and the corns planted in the two rows of planting lines on each ridge table in the second year are arranged in a staggered mode; one corn of one seed-metering planting line on each ridge platform and two adjacent corns of the other row of planting lines are arranged in an isosceles triangle, and intertillage, weeding and topdressing are carried out in the middle and last ten days of June; when the straws are harvested in autumn, the straws in the first year are all rotten, so that stubbles on the ridges in the first year and the second year are left after the straws are harvested, and the straws are smashed and returned to the field;
step three: aiming at the stubble treatment of the first year and the second year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the second year of stubble remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the first year in spring of the third year, the position for planting corn is the position for planting each corn in the first year, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and the last ten days of June, rotten straws of the second year and the third year are left stubbles among ridges after harvest in autumn, and then the straws are smashed and returned to the field;
step four: aiming at the stubble treatment of the previous year, only partial straws are covered on the surface of the soil, and the stubble of the third year remains, so that no-tillage seeding is carried out at the planting position of the second year in spring, intertillage operation is carried out in the middle and last ten days of June, and the stubble-remaining straws and the stubble on all ridges are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvesting in autumn;
step five: and (5) performing cyclic seeding according to the steps from the first step to the fourth step in the next cycle period.
2. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent ridge platforms in the first step is L, and the value of L is 650mm.
3. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the distance between two seeding planting lines on each ridge is d, and the numerical value of d is 200mm.
4. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the straw is crushed by sprinkling straws with the diameter higher than 500mm on the furrow.
5. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, soil is subjected to deep scarification, land leveling, fertilization, rotary tillage and ridging in spring, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 120-150mm.
6. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the distance between two adjacent corns on each seeding planting line is h, the numerical value of h is 150mm, and the seeding depth of the corns is 50mm.
7. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the time for weeding and fertilizing the corns is in the middle and last ten days of June.
8. The single-ridge double-row staggered close planting method for the corn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, a no-tillage planter is adopted to simultaneously carry out precision seeding and side deep fertilization operation in the second year, corn is sowed between two stubbles of the same planting line in a no-tillage mode, the depth of the rotary tillage operation is 12-15cm before seeding in the second year, and the depth of fertilization is 5-6cm.
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