CN106856963B - Northeast ridge culture area corn and soybean mechanized rotation method - Google Patents
Northeast ridge culture area corn and soybean mechanized rotation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106856963B CN106856963B CN201710227398.6A CN201710227398A CN106856963B CN 106856963 B CN106856963 B CN 106856963B CN 201710227398 A CN201710227398 A CN 201710227398A CN 106856963 B CN106856963 B CN 106856963B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in northeast ridge culture areas comprises the steps of planting corn in the first year, planting soybean in the second year, planting corn in the third year, and repeating rotation in the same way, wherein the first planting year adopts an operation mode of combining straw smashing, covering and returning to the field, stubble remaining and smashing, turning and burying, the stubble remaining operation reduces the surface wind speed of soil, reduces water and soil loss, and simultaneously reserves 30% of straw returning amount, and can be used for secondary smashing and returning to the field after soybean harvesting in the second year, so that 30% of straw covering amount still exists before spring sowing in the third year, and only 30% of straw returning amount is carried out in the third planting year; adopting deep scarification operation every three years; in spring every year, shallow loosening operation and heavy pressing combined operation of shallow loosening and ditch bottom are adopted. The corn and soybean rotation seeding operation is carried out by adopting a new ploughing and seeding combined mode and a straw returning mode, so that the purposes of accelerating the melting of a frozen layer, improving the soil temperature, reducing the water and soil loss, improving the organic matter content of the soil and storing water and preserving soil moisture are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a novel corn and soybean mechanized rotation method suitable for northeast ridge culture areas.
Background
The invention provides a novel mechanized crop rotation method for corn and soybean in a northeast ridge culture area, which mainly comprises the following steps of: straw crushing, covering and returning to field, high stubble remaining, crushing, turning and burying combined operation; shallow loosening, ditch bottom pressing, sectional heavy pressing on the seedlings and the like, and is used for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in a northeast ridge culture area, which adopts a new ploughing and seeding combination mode and a straw returning mode to carry out rotation seeding operation on the corn and soybean so as to achieve the purposes of accelerating the melting of a frozen layer, improving the soil temperature, reducing the water and soil loss, improving the organic matter content of the soil and preserving the water retention and soil moisture.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in northeast ridge culture areas comprises the following steps of planting corn in the first year, planting soybean in the second year, planting corn in the third year, and repeating the steps in the same way for rotation, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
rotation for the first year: in spring, the combined operation of rotary tillage, ridging and sowing is adopted, and corns are planted in the middle of the ridge; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; after autumn corn is harvested, straw smashing and turning-burying operations are adopted among ridges, and an operation mode combining stubble remaining and smashing and returning to fields is adopted on the ridges;
and (4) rotation for the second year: in spring, the combined operation of shallow loosening, pressing at the bottom of a ditch, ridge supporting and sowing is adopted, and soybeans are sowed at the two sides of the ridge; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; when the straws which are crushed and returned to the field in the first year are all rotten when harvested in autumn, so that the stubble-remaining straws and stubbles on ridges in the first year are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvested, and the coverage of 1/3 is still kept;
and (4) rotation for the third year: adopting no-tillage seeding and subsection suppression operation in spring, and planting corn in the middle of the ridge; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; in autumn harvesting, straw crushing and returning operation on the ridges is adopted, returning amount is 30%, and then deep loosening and ridge killing operation is carried out, so that ridges can be formed again at the positions of the first circulation furrows in the next circulation.
The invention has the following positive effects:
1. the corn is planted twice in three years, the operation mode of combining straw smashing, covering and returning to the field, stubble remaining and smashing, turning and burying is adopted in the first planting year, the problem that the organic matter content of deep soil cannot be improved in the straw covering and returning operation is solved, the stubble remaining operation reduces the wind speed on the surface of soil, water and soil loss, and simultaneously maintains 30% of straw returning amount, and the corn stubble remaining operation can be used for secondary smashing and returning operation after soybean harvesting in the second year, so that 30% of straw covering amount still exists before sowing in the spring of the third year, and only 30% of straw returning amount is carried out in the third planting year.
2. The deep scarification operation is carried out once every three years, so that the water storage and soil moisture preservation capability of the soil is improved, and the resource waste caused by continuous deep scarification is avoided.
3. The shallow loosening operation is adopted in spring every year, so that the porosity of surface soil is improved, the material exchange between the soil and an outer boundary is accelerated, the ground temperature is favorably improved, and the melting of a frozen layer of the soil is accelerated.
4. The combined operation of shallow loosening and heavy pressing at the bottom of the ditch can improve the macroporosity of surface soil, reduce the macroporosity of deep soil, improve the small porosity, form the conditions of seedbeds with solid upper parts and virtual lower parts, and improve the water content of the soil.
5. The soybean seeding adopts a double-row crutch seedling mode, the planting distance is doubled while the planting density is ensured, and the difficulty of precise seeding is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the first year of agriculture
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the second year agriculture
FIG. 3 is a third year agricultural diagram
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings:
a mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in northeast ridge culture areas comprises the following steps: planting corn in the first year, planting soybean in the second year, planting corn in the third year, and so on, and the specific method is as follows:
rotation for the first year: the method comprises the following steps of performing combined operations of rotary tillage, ridging and sowing in spring, planting corn in the middle of the ridge, performing intertillage, weeding and topdressing in the middle and last ten days of June, performing straw smashing and turning-over operation between ridges after harvesting corn in autumn, and performing an operation mode combining stubble remaining and smashing and returning to the field on the ridge;
and (4) rotation for the second year: in spring, shallow loosening (the depth of shallow loosening is 15-25mm), ridge supporting and sowing are carried out in a combined mode, soybeans are sowed on two side positions on ridges, intertillage weeding and topdressing are carried out in the middle and last ten days of June, all straws crushed and returned to the field in the first year are rotten when harvested in autumn, so that stubble straws and stubbles on the ridges in the first year are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvested, and the coverage of 1/3 is still kept;
and (4) rotation for the third year: as the straws in the first year are easy to break and remove until the third year, no-tillage seeding operation is adopted in spring, corns are planted in the middle of the ridge, intertillage weeding and topdressing are carried out in the middle and the last ten days of June, straw smashing and field returning operation (returning amount is 30%) is adopted in the ridge while harvesting is carried out in autumn, and then deep loosening and ridge killing operation is carried out, so that the next cycle can form ridges again at the positions of the first cycle of furrows.
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention:
referring to fig. 1, in spring of the first year, a rotary tillage and seeding combined machine is adopted to simultaneously carry out rotary tillage, ridging, precision seeding and side deep fertilization, wherein the rotary tillage is used for leveling the soil, and the rotary tillage depth is 12-18 cm; the ridge width of the ridge is 300mm, the ridge distance is 650mm, and the ridge shape adopts a semielliptical curve:
the sowing depth is 50mm, and the ditch bottom is pressed while ditching operation is carried out, wherein the pressing strength is 50-55 kp; the depth of the sounding fertilization is 100mm, and the distance from the sowing row is 50 mm; the suppression operation adopts sectional type suppression device to carry out the segmentation suppression, adopts heavy suppression (suppression intensity 45kp) on the seedling, and ordinary suppression (suppression intensity 35kp) is adopted to all the other positions.
In the middle and late 6 months, an intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine is adopted for inter-row weeding and top dressing.
In autumn, a stubble-remaining corn harvesting seeder is adopted, high stubble-remaining operation (the stubble-remaining height is 300 plus 500mm) is carried out while harvesting, the straw part with the thickness of more than 300 plus 500mm is flatly paved on the ground surface, a straw smashing, returning and burying machine smashes the straw flatly paved on ridges, covers and returns the straw to the field, smashing and burying operation is carried out on the straw flatly paved among the ridges, and the burying depth is less than 100 mm.
Referring to fig. 2, in spring of the second year, a shallow loosening tillage planter is adopted to simultaneously perform shallow loosening, furrow bottom pressing, ridge supporting, precision sowing and depth measuring fertilization operations, wherein the depth of the shallow loosening operation is 20-30 mm; the soybean is sowed at the two sides of the ridge, a large-ridge double-row crutch seedling mode is adopted, the narrow-row spacing is 110mm, the wide-row spacing is 650mm, the plant spacing is 9mm, the ditching width of narrow ditching operation is 10mm, and the soybean sowing depth is 30 mm; the depth of the side fertilization is 100mm, and the distance from the sowing row is 50 mm.
In the middle and late 6 months, an intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine is adopted for inter-row weeding and top dressing.
In autumn, the soybean harvester is adopted to harvest, all the straws crushed and returned to the field in the first year are rotten, so that the straw crushing and stubble cleaning combined machine is adopted to crush the high stubble straws left on the ground surface and the stubbles buried underground in the first year and cover the high stubble straws and return the high stubble straws to the field, and the coverage of 1/3 is still kept.
Referring to fig. 3, since the straws in the first year are easily broken in the third year, a no-tillage planter is adopted in the spring of the third year to simultaneously carry out precision seeding and side deep fertilization, and corns are planted in the middle of the ridge, wherein the seeding depth is 50mm, the depth of the depth-measuring fertilization is 100mm, and the distance from the seeding row is 50 mm; the suppression operation adopts sectional type suppression device to carry out the segmentation suppression, adopts heavy suppression (suppression intensity 45kp) on the seedling, and ordinary suppression (suppression intensity 35kp) is adopted to all the other positions.
In the middle and late 6 months, an intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine is adopted for inter-row weeding and top dressing.
After the autumn corn harvester operates, 30% of straws are left to be flatly laid on the ground surface, the straws laid on the ground surface are smashed and returned to the field by a straw smashing and returning machine, then an inter-row subsoiler is used for carrying out subsoiling and ridge killing operation on inter-ridge positions, and the next circulation can form ridges again at the positions of the first circulation furrows.
The positive effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the corn is planted twice in three years, the operation mode of combining straw smashing, covering and returning to the field, stubble remaining and smashing, turning and burying is adopted in the first planting year, the problem that the organic matter content of deep soil cannot be improved in the straw covering and returning operation is solved, the stubble remaining operation reduces the wind speed on the surface of soil, water and soil loss, and simultaneously maintains 30% of straw returning amount, and the corn stubble remaining operation can be used for secondary smashing and returning operation after soybean harvesting in the second year, so that 30% of straw covering amount still exists before sowing in the spring of the third year, and only 30% of straw returning amount is carried out in the third planting year.
2. The deep scarification operation is carried out once every three years, so that the water storage and soil moisture preservation capability of the soil is improved, and the resource waste caused by continuous deep scarification is avoided.
3. The shallow loosening operation is adopted in spring every year, so that the porosity of surface soil is improved, the material exchange between the soil and an outer boundary is accelerated, the ground temperature is favorably improved, and the melting of a frozen layer of the soil is accelerated.
4. The combined operation of shallow loosening and heavy pressing at the bottom of the ditch can improve the macroporosity of surface soil, reduce the macroporosity of deep soil, improve the small porosity, form the conditions of a seedbed with a solid upper part and a virtual lower part, and improve the water content of the seedbed soil.
5. Adopt the segmentation suppression in the third year, adopt heavy suppression (suppression intensity 45kp) on the seedling, ordinary suppression (suppression intensity 35kp) is adopted to all the other positions, when having increased soil moisture content, improves top soil permeability.
Claims (2)
1. A mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in northeast ridge culture areas is characterized in that corn is planted in the first year, soybean is planted in the second year, corn is planted in the third year, and rotation is performed in a reciprocating manner by analogy, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
rotation for the first year: in spring, the combined operation of rotary tillage, ridging and sowing is adopted, and corns are planted in the middle of the ridge; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; high stubble remaining operation is carried out while harvesting in autumn, the straw part with the stubble height of 300-;
and (4) rotation for the second year: in spring, the combined operation of shallow loosening, pressing at the bottom of a ditch, ridge supporting and sowing is adopted, and soybeans are sowed at the two sides of the ridge; the depth of the spring shallow loosening operation is 20-30 mm; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; when the straws which are crushed and returned to the field in the first year are all rotten when harvested in autumn, so that the stubble-remaining straws and stubbles on ridges in the first year are crushed, covered and returned to the field after harvested, and the coverage of 1/3 is still kept;
and (4) rotation for the third year: adopting no-tillage seeding and subsection suppression operation in spring, and planting corn in the middle of the ridge; intertilling, weeding and topdressing in the middle and late ten days of June; in autumn harvesting, straw crushing and returning operation on the ridges is adopted, returning amount is 30%, and then deep loosening and ridge killing operation is carried out, so that ridges can be formed again at the positions of the first circulation furrows in the next circulation.
2. The mechanized rotation method for corn and soybean in northeast ridge culture areas of claim 1, wherein the ridge shape of the first-year ridge forming of rotation adopts a semielliptic curve:
the seeding depth is 50mm, the first year and the third year of rotation are carried out, the compacting operation adopts a sectional compacting device for segmented compacting, heavy compacting is adopted on the seedlings, and common compacting is adopted on the other positions; in the second year of rotation, the seed ditches are subjected to ditch bottom pressing operation before soybean sowing, so that the firmness of soil under the seed ditches is increased, and the soil moisture content of seedbeds is improved.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108112429A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-05 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of aeolian sandy soil area corn intertillage phase interval subsoiling orientation topdressing method |
| CN108934256B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2023-09-01 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Crop cultivation method for improving soil |
| CN111937694A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-11-17 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn cultivation method in northeast region |
| CN113615524A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Soybean rotation planting method |
| CN114431085B (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-11-21 | 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 | Alternate rotation planting method for corn |
| CN114885785B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-10-03 | 赤峰市农牧科学研究所 | Novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in high-altitude area |
| CN116167630B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block |
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| CN1596572A (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2005-03-23 | 吉林大学 | Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension |
| CN1647602A (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2005-08-03 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for tilling corn land |
| CN106105740A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-11-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of corn in Northeast China and Semen sojae atricolor efficient rotation cropping method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1596572A (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2005-03-23 | 吉林大学 | Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension |
| CN1647602A (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2005-08-03 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for tilling corn land |
| CN106105740A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-11-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of corn in Northeast China and Semen sojae atricolor efficient rotation cropping method |
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