CN113545195A - Method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws - Google Patents
Method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545195A CN113545195A CN202110954142.1A CN202110954142A CN113545195A CN 113545195 A CN113545195 A CN 113545195A CN 202110954142 A CN202110954142 A CN 202110954142A CN 113545195 A CN113545195 A CN 113545195A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
A method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws relates to a method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that saline-alkali soil cannot be tilled, crops are low in yield and land economic benefits are low. The invention is as follows: covering the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with sand covering thickness of 10-15cm to form a sand covering layer; spreading the crushed corn straws on the upper surface of the sand-covered layer, wherein the using amount is 15-25 tons/hectare, and forming a straw layer; thirdly, mechanically processing the straw layer and the sand-covered layer by turning, rotating and harrowing, and deeply turning to 25-30cm to ensure that part of the straw is rotated into the soil and part of the straw is covered on the ground surface; and fourthly, sowing the corns by using a no-tillage machine, and spraying and watering by using sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after the corns are sowed, so that the improvement of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is completed. The total improvement cost is 2.9 ten thousand yuan/hectare, the corn can be recovered after the improvement for 4 to 5 years, the corn can be used for a long time after being put into use for 1 time, and the better the corn is used, the benefit is obvious. The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
Background
For a long time, the land with serious saline-alkali barrier can not be cultivated, or the crop is low in yield, the land economic benefit is low, and the income increase of regional farmers and the rural happiness are seriously restricted. The medium and severe saline-alkali soil is not beneficial to crop growth except that the saline-alkali content of the soil is high, the soil is heavy and hardened, and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil are poor, so that the drainage and salt seepage are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that saline-alkali soil cannot be tilled, crops are low in yield and land economic benefits are low, and provides a method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws.
The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws comprises the following steps:
covering the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with sand covering thickness of 10-15cm to form a sand covering layer;
spreading the crushed corn straws on the upper surface of the sand-covered layer, wherein the using amount is 15-25 tons/hectare, and forming a straw layer;
thirdly, mechanically processing the straw layer and the sand-covered layer by turning, rotating and harrowing, and deeply turning to 25-30cm to ensure that part of the straw is rotated into the soil and part of the straw is covered on the ground surface;
and fourthly, sowing the corns by using a no-tillage machine, and spraying and watering by using sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after the corns are sowed, so that the improvement of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is completed.
The method of the invention is that in spring, the aeolian sandy soil of the sand lump land on the periphery of the sand hill is transported to the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by a large machine and covered with sand; and (4) paving the crushed corn straws on a sand-covered layer by using a large machine. And (4) using a turning machine, a rotary cultivator and a raking machine to mechanically turn, rotate and rake the tiled wind sand soil-crushed straw layer. According to the practical situation, the times of turning, rotating and harrowing are mastered, the crushed corn straws are turned into the soil to the maximum extent, and the rest crushed corn straws cover the ground surface. And (4) sowing and fertilizing by using a no-tillage machine to form shallow furrow planting and planting corn. Spraying and washing salt and spraying and watering are carried out by sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after seeding, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 1 day, and the spraying is not carried out when rainfall exists.
The sandy soil has the characteristics of low salt content and loose structure, and the sandy soil is mixed with the saline-alkali soil, so that the salt and alkali content of saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, the capillary pores of the sandy soil are large, and the capillary suction force can not be formed.
According to the invention, the crushed straws are added on the basis of 'sand pressing alkali', and then spraying is carried out, so that on one hand, soil is loosened, leaching is promoted, salt is inhibited, growth period rainfall is supplemented, on the other hand, soil organic matters are increased, and the fertility of a sand soil layer is fertilized. The method integrally solves the problems of saline-alkali obstacle, climate drought and sandy soil fertility impoverishment, and realizes the improvement and efficient production and utilization of medium-and-severe saline-alkali soil.
The sand covering can block the water of the soil capillary from moving upwards and inhibit the salt from moving upwards; the crushed corn straws can further loosen soil, promote salt leaching, can desalt the salt content of the surface layer of the soil, reduce the diving space and relieve the salt segregation of the soil. The soil organic matter of the sandy soil layer is improved, and the soil fertility is improved; the ground corn stalks which are excessive on the ground surface can keep the soil moisture content, reduce the evaporation of the ground surface and inhibit the salt from moving upwards, and meanwhile, the corn stalks which cover the ground surface are sprayed and decomposed to release organic acid, so that the alkalization degree of the soil can be reduced. Therefore, on the basis of spraying irrigation, the sand is covered and the straws are buried and then turned deeply, so that the spraying promotion of the straws can be realized, the straws are covered with salt, the straws are fertilized with soil, and meanwhile, the spraying irrigation is used for supplementing rainfall, so that a growing environment is provided for the corns, and the normal and healthy growth of the corns is promoted. The problem of saline-alkali obstacle-climate drought-soil layer soil impoverishment is integrally solved, and medium-severe saline-alkali soil improvement and efficient utilization are realized.
The sand covering is 10-15cm, the straw consumption is 15-25 tons/hectare, each ton of straw is calculated according to 200 yuan, the aeolian sandy soil is 10 yuan/cubic meter, and each hectare needs 1.3-2.0 ten thousand yuan; the sprinkling irrigation facilities are 0.9 ten thousand yuan per hectare; the agricultural operation of turning, rotating and harrowing is 0.1 ten thousand yuan per hectare. The total improvement cost is 2.3-3.0 ten thousand yuan/hectare, the corn can be recovered after 4-5 years of improvement, the corn can be used for a long time after 1 time, and the benefit is obvious when the corn is used more.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the procedure of sand covering and straw burying in the experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the procedure of sand covering and straw burying in the experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the growth of corn after seeding corn according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the growth of corn after seeding corn according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
covering the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with sand covering thickness of 10-15cm to form a sand covering layer;
spreading the crushed corn straws on the upper surface of the sand-covered layer, wherein the using amount is 15-25 tons/hectare, and forming a straw layer;
thirdly, mechanically processing the straw layer and the sand-covered layer by turning, rotating and harrowing, and deeply turning to 25-30cm to ensure that part of the straw is rotated into the soil and part of the straw is covered on the ground surface;
and fourthly, sowing the corns by using a no-tillage machine, and spraying and watering by using sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after the corns are sowed, so that the improvement of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is completed.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the sand coating thickness in the first embodiment is 15 cm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that the amount used in step two is 20 tons/ha. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the depth of the third step is 30 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that the spraying and watering in the fourth step is performed for 1 time every 1 day, and the spraying is not performed when rainfall occurs. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the corn sowed in the fourth step is planted in shallow furrows, and sowing and fertilizing are synchronous. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The following experiments are adopted to verify that the effect of the invention cannot be achieved:
experiment one:
the method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws comprises the following steps:
covering the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with sand covering thickness of 15cm to form a sand covering layer;
flatly paving the crushed corn straws on the upper surface of the sand-covered layer, wherein the using amount is 20 tons/hectare, and forming a straw layer;
thirdly, mechanically processing the straw layer and the sand-covered layer by turning, rotating and harrowing, and deeply turning to 30cm to ensure that part of the straw is rotated into the soil and part of the straw is covered on the ground surface;
and fourthly, sowing the corns by using a no-tillage machine, and spraying and watering by using sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after the corns are sowed, so that the improvement of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is completed.
The experiment is covered with 15cm of sand, the straw consumption is 20 tons/hectare, each ton of straw is calculated according to 200 yuan, the aeolian sandy soil is 10 yuan/cubic meter, and each hectare needs 1.9 ten thousand yuan; the sprinkling irrigation facilities are 0.9 ten thousand yuan per hectare; the agricultural operation of turning, rotating and harrowing is 0.1 ten thousand yuan per hectare. The total improvement cost is 2.9 ten thousand yuan/hectare, the corn can be recovered after the improvement for 4 to 5 years, the corn can be used for a long time after being put into use for 1 time, and the better the corn is used, the benefit is obvious.
Claims (6)
1. The method for improving the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
covering the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with sand covering thickness of 10-15cm to form a sand covering layer;
spreading the crushed corn straws on the upper surface of the sand-covered layer, wherein the using amount is 15-25 tons/hectare, and forming a straw layer;
thirdly, mechanically processing the straw layer and the sand-covered layer by turning, rotating and harrowing, and deeply turning to 25-30cm to ensure that part of the straw is rotated into the soil and part of the straw is covered on the ground surface;
and fourthly, sowing the corns by using a no-tillage machine, and spraying and watering by using sprinkling irrigation equipment in time after the corns are sowed, so that the improvement of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is completed.
2. The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straw according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covered sand in the step one is 15 cm.
3. The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straw according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of the second step is 20 tons/ha.
4. The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straw according to claim 1, wherein the step three is deep ploughing to 30 cm.
5. The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying and watering in the fourth step is to spray 1 time every 1 day, and the spraying is not performed when rainfall exists.
6. The method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corn sowed in the fourth step is planted in shallow furrows, and sowing and fertilizing are synchronous.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110954142.1A CN113545195A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws |
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| CN202110954142.1A CN113545195A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Method for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by covering sand and burying straws |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115005020A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Efficient high-quality seed production and large-scale high-yield synergistic cultivation method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105052292A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-18 | 曲沃县绿恒农业发展有限公司 | Comprehensive saline-alkali land improvement system and comprehensive saline-alkali land improvement |
| CN106888614A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of remodeling method in salt-soda soil |
| CN108513755A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of improveing saline-alkali grassland using maize straw |
| AU2021100295A4 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-04-15 | Institute Of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences | Economical triune method for construction of vegetation in severely saline-alkali land |
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2021
- 2021-08-19 CN CN202110954142.1A patent/CN113545195A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052292A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-18 | 曲沃县绿恒农业发展有限公司 | Comprehensive saline-alkali land improvement system and comprehensive saline-alkali land improvement |
| CN106888614A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of remodeling method in salt-soda soil |
| CN108513755A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of improveing saline-alkali grassland using maize straw |
| AU2021100295A4 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-04-15 | Institute Of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences | Economical triune method for construction of vegetation in severely saline-alkali land |
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| 周道玮等: "覆沙改良科尔沁沙地-松辽平原交错区盐碱地与造田技术研究", 《自然资源学报》 * |
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| 程科等: "不同覆沙厚度对盐碱地的改良作用", 《农业科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115005020A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Efficient high-quality seed production and large-scale high-yield synergistic cultivation method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil |
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