CN106613263A - Method for constructing soil ploughing layer of south-Xinjiang oasis drop-irrigation continuous-cropping middle-low-yield cotton field - Google Patents
Method for constructing soil ploughing layer of south-Xinjiang oasis drop-irrigation continuous-cropping middle-low-yield cotton field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing a soil ploughing layer of a south-Xinjiang oasis drop-irrigation continuous-cropping middle-low-yield cotton field. The method includes the steps that before sowing in the cotton field, straw of last crops is smashed and returned to the field; farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer are applied; deep ploughing, cotton field flattening and super-deep scarification are conducted; irrigation is conducted before sowing; sowing is conducted; furrows are dug in the cotton field, and anti-salt plants are planted; a windbreak tree belt is built on the periphery of the cotton field; a water-irrigation and drainage trench system is built; field management is conducted. After the method is adopted, the surveying result shows that the soil water content in the seedling stage is increased by 0.5%, rapidly-available potassium of the ploughing layer is increased by 35.2%, the temperature of soil 5 cm lower than films is increased by 0.6 DEG C, the thickness of the ploughing layer in the seedling period is increased by 7.1 cm, the salt content of soil is reduced by 2.1 g/kg, the soil porosity is increased by 8.5%, the soil penetration resistance (PSI) is reduced by 130, the soil bulk density is reduced by 0.11 g/cm<3>, the pH value of soil is reduced by 0.4, the residual film content of soil of the ploughing layer is reduced by 11.3 kg per mu, premature senescence of the cotton field is avoided, the yield of seed cotton is increased by 57.5 kg per mu, and therefore the method has the soil-improving and yield-increasing effects and can meet production requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low yield Cotton Soil topsoil construction method in a kind of South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation continuous cropping.
Background technology
Xinjiang South Sinkiang oasis has unique natural ecological environment, and cotton region is away from ocean, and winter severe cold, summer is hotter, does
Drought is short of rain, is air-dried, and soil evaporativeness is abnormal big, is typical continental arid climate, throughout the year, particularly autumn and winter and Winter-Spring
When seasonal variations, continually threatened by serious sandstorm, be with the Awat County for being located in the relative center in South Sinkiang
Example, 10.4 DEG C of its many average temperature of the whole year, most hot 24.2 DEG C of the moon (July) temperature on average, 40.4 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperature, the most cold moon (1
Month) -8.3 DEG C of temperature on average, -25 DEG C of Annual lowest climate temperature, >=10 DEG C of 4147-4658 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature；Mean annual precipitation
46.7mm, many annual mean ground temperature 1890.7mm, 205-239 days frost-free period, average annual sunshine 2679 hours, percentage of sunshine is 60
～70%；34 DEG C of annual temperature range, 15 DEG C of average annual daily difference, the annual mean wind speed 3m/ seconds, annual Windy Days 15 days, averagely
Dust day 52 days.Spring (3～May) quick heating and it is unstable, changes in temperature are alternately frequent, arid and many strong wind；Summer (6～August)
Sweltering heat, many hot dry winds, the sunshine-duration is long, and precipitation is concentrated, and hail harm takes place frequently；Autumn (9～November) weather is felt nice and cool, and is lowered the temperature fast
Speed, frost occurs more early；Winter (2 months 12～next year) cold weather and very long, -8.3 DEG C of temperature on average；
Unique natural ecological environment causes South Sinkiang cotton field in oasis, or even has the cotton field in oasis soil salinization at abundant water source
It is extremely serious with desertification phenomenon, region-wide in addition to all kinds of crops, trees and corresponding plants that agricultural production is planted, other plants
By dull less, cotton region Cotton Soil mostly is light loam, is secondly sandy loam and medium loam, and plough sole soil is generally rufous
Or grey black clay is in the majority, also there is pure sand soil, soil organic matter content is low, averagely about 10.0g/kg or so.With respect to me
Other cotton regions of state, the Cotton Fields in Xinjiang farming time is shorter, is estimated to be 50% or so the cotton field average farming time and only has 25 years or so, this
Also the natural ecological environment severe with the region is relevant.Although Xinjiang cotton Mechanization Level is higher, be conducive to Cotton Gossypii intensive
Production, but because machinery is rolled repeatedly, particularly large-scale wheel machine is rolled, along with Cultivate administration pattern is special and plants
Plant structure single, cotton field continuous cropping over a long time, most cotton field continuous cropping times up to more than 10 years, even as high as 20 years for having with
On, its 0-30cm soil density (PSI) is up to more than 310, soil compaction, 0-25cm soil weight 1.46g/cm3More than, it is bright
The aobvious soil higher than before not opening up wasteland, while also above other cotton regions of China, in a word, except severe ecological environment causes its soil to be protected
Water fertilizer conservation is poor, its anthropic factor, is also the one of the main reasons for causing Soil structure difference.
Consider that low yield Cotton Soil is hardened, salt alkali content is high, physicochemical property is poor, pH value has increasing in the drip irrigation continuous cropping of South Sinkiang oasis
Plus trend, cotton field plant sickness rate is higher, soil organic matter content is low, soil plough horizon physicochemical property is relatively poor, cause
Cotton yield repeatability is poor, and at least 15% cotton field underproduces the 75% of average product in reality.In addition, irrigation before seeding amount is big
More and more sharply (because must not only guarantee soil moisture content of emerging before sowing cotton seed, soil must also be washed with limited water resource contradiction
Saline and alkaline, along with evaporation capacity is big, each water consumption of its irrigation before seeding is up to 210m3/ mu or so, the long-term breach of water resource is up to 30%
More than), it is big for topsoil soils consolidation, solid phase ratio after cotton harvesting, implement to return crop stocks to the field and put into fertilizer, depth in time
Plough, big yield winter irrigation, in conjunction with Fruit variety, draw sand to improve the soil, drip and apply other agronomic measures such as soil conditioner, so as to realize
Periodically break plough sole, not only contribute to desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching alkali, retain and conserve soil moisture, reduce evaporation, runoff and seepage, in addition depth is ploughed also
Stubble can be buried, is allowed to mutually melt with clay fertilizer, the soil of the bad character of lower floor is translated into earth's surface, it is organic with existing mellow soil layer mixed
Close, then by means of winter dry and wet and the power of the nature of freeze thawing, and then form thicker vegetable soil topsoil；Plantation salt-tolerant plant
Afterwards, due to the interspersed effect of root system of plant, the physical property such as the soil weight, general porosity, permeability, total aggregate is changed
It is kind.Due to the humification of plant dry branches and fallen leaves and dead root stubble, the soil organism increases, promote soil microorganism growth and
Breeding, improves soil nutrient status and chemical property, and soil permeability and physicochemical structure are improved comprehensively, increases soil fertility,
Germination is finally not only improved, strengthens farmland drought-resistant ability, crop root growth resistance can be reduced again, strengthened cotton root system and live
Power.Production practices prove the inventive method to cotton field in oasis, and the salt-soda soil for sticking weight particularly with quality or having adhesion barrier layer changes
Good action is obvious, it is easy to accomplish the cotton harvest landscape of " well established and vigorously developing ".
Because there is very big difference in other National Cotton growing area natural ecological environments of the world and South Sinkiang oasis cotton region, even if with
The states such as Xinjiang cotton difference relatively small Central Asia Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, these national cotton region soil salt and alkali contents and
Drought degree is few or light compared with Xinjiang, and the problem that South Sinkiang oasis soil topsoil is present is not above-mentioned National Cotton high yield
Key constraints.Up to now, both at home and abroad not to being similar to the problem that South Sinkiang oasis ecology Soil Under Conditions topsoil is present
The report of development system research, causes the disappearance of its Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation topsoil soils modification method.
The present invention by cotton field sowing before heavy dressing fertilizer, plough deeply deep ploughing, broadcast before big yield irrigation, select suitable product
Kind, period of duration deep-draw sand improve the soil, apply soil conditioner with water droplet with reference to Seedling flower bud phase, so as to build South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation in low yield cotton
The rational soil plough horizon in field, including soil density, the soil weight and soil salt content are reduced, periodically break plough sole, it is real
Existing South Sinkiang oasis Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation topsoil soils are deep, quality is loose, draining is good, retain water and nutrients ability strong, a nice tilth, disease
Cordycepses evil is light, is advantageously implemented the purpose of the region Cotton Gossypii " broadcasts full stand ", is allowed to meet the reasonable topsoil soils of high yield, stable yields
Require, be finally reached the purpose of its Cotton Gossypii Sustainable high yield high-quality.
Xinjiang South Sinkiang oasis is Xinjiang maximum cotton region, is also one of maximum plant cotton region of China, long-term cultivated area
Ten thousand mu of 1800-2100, the inventive method is of far-reaching significance to local Cotton Production sustainable development and social stability；
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at, there is provided low yield Cotton Soil topsoil construction method in a kind of South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation continuous cropping, should
Method be by cotton field broadcast before by first crop crop material chopping and returning, farm manure is put in a large number, be advantageously selected for build good soil
The fertilizer of topsoil, plough deeply, subsoiling, big yield irrigation before seeding, adapted varieties is selected, for cotton field local during Developmental of Cotton
Emerge poor hardened plot carry out channel excavation and in time irrigate after, select plantation salt-resistant plant, build Radix Saposhnikoviae with reference to cotton field periphery
Forest belt, with reference to Seedling flower bud phase with water droplet apply soil conditioner, set up fill row canal system system, using the drip irrigation high yield cotton of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement
Field field management method step is completed；The survey showed that：After method of the present invention, seedling stage soil moisture increases
0.5 percentage point, although plough horizon organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus contents are declined slightly, but the increasing of arable layer available potassium
Plus 35.2%, the 5cm soil moistures increase by 0.6 DEG C under film, and seedling stage arable layer thickness increases 7.1cm, and soil salt content declines 2.1g/
Kg, soil porosity (%) increases by 8.5 percentage points, and soil penetration resistance (PSI) declines 130, and the soil weight declines 0.11g/
cm3, soil pH value reduction by 0.4, topsoil residual film content decline 11.3kg/ mus, pesticide cost 27.6 yuan/mu of decline, cotton
Without senilism phenomenon, seed cotton yield increases 57.5kg/ mus, thus the inventive method has improved soil and production-increasing function, can expire in field
Needed for foot production.
Low yield Cotton Soil topsoil construction method in a kind of South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation continuous cropping of the present invention, follow these steps to
Carry out：
Cotton field prepares：
A, plough deeply：Before last year winter irrigation or then 5-10 days before sowing cotton seed, every batch of Cotton Gossypii carry out prior to seeding 1 time it is deep
Turn over, 55-70cm ultra-deep is turned over or the cotton field of 40-60cm subsoilings carries out the ultra-deep of 1 time and turns over never carrying out, and other time ploughs deeply depth
25-30cm is, is ploughed deeply within continuous 2 years and be should be out ridge with back ridge alternately, in the cotton region that water resource is enriched, ultra-deep turns over Ying Dong
Complete before filling, 25-30cm's ploughs deeply operation and must complete in 4-8 days prior to seeding, wherein, before ultra-deep is turned over, by first crop crop straw
Stalk chopping and returning, puts into farm manure 3.5-4.5m3/ mu, and apply calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 20-30kg/ mus and
Potassium sulfate 10-15kg/ mus, or 60-80kg/ mus humic acid phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate 10-15kg/ mus, the cotton field fertilizers input time exists
Ploughing deeply first 1-3 days for 55-70cm is completed；
B, ultra-deep pine：Ultra-deep pine is carried out the cotton field 3-4 after ultra-deep is turned over is carried out, each ultra-deep pine is in irrigation before seeding
Complete before not carrying out, the time, the depth of ultra-deep pine was 40-60cm, to not entering to complete before late October last year-mid-November
Row ultra-deep turns over cotton field, carries out ultra-deep pine before site preparation then, later loose 1 time every 3-5 ultra-deep, before ultra-deep pine, first crop is made
Thing straw chopping and returning, puts into farm manure 1.5-2.5m3/ mu, and apply calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 10-15kg/
Mu and potassium sulfate 5-10kg/ mus, or 30-40kg/ mus humic acid phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate 5-10kg/ mus, cotton field fertilizers input is super
Complete within 1-3 days before subsoiling；
C, irrigation before seeding：Irrigation before seeding is carried out in 10 days-December 15 November last year, its irrigation volume is 180-260m3/
Mu；
D, selected kind：Biological yield is selected to be land up to the relatively strong cotton variety of the growth potential of 1100-1300kg/ mus
36,42,47,56 or No. 68 in the new land of cotton variety, new extra large 21,36,45 or No. 48 of island cotton variety；
Breeding period administration：
E, deep intertillage：Cotton Gossypii finishes in 1 week after planting and carries out deep intertillage, intertills depth 15-18cm, intertills row distance Cotton Gossypii
Plantation row 10-12cm；
F, cotton field channel excavation with fill and lead up：Zebra wire type layout is carried out in the May 28-6 months 7 then in the hardened plot in local
Channel excavation with fill and lead up, the groove of excavation trend and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 100-160cm, width 60-80cm,
Vertical dimension 200-300cm between groove, there is groove to digging, and the hardened plot in local filled and led up individually is enclosed stalk and irrigated, and it is first
Secondary irrigation volume presses 120-150m3/ mu meter, when plough horizon water content reaches 13-16%, be in the plot plantation salt-resistant plant
Semen Maydiss, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Radix Betae, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., Herba Medicaginiss, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., broccoli or Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, other management methods press the plant Routine Management side
Method is carried out.
Low yield Cotton Soil topsoil construction method in a kind of South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation continuous cropping of the present invention, the method is under
Before stubble cotton field is ploughed deeply, weed in cotton field situation must be investigated in upper 1 year cotton boll blowing phase, such as find Weed infestation degree up to more than 3 grades
(7 grades of range estimation grade scales of weed community dominance), it should be ensured that manually adopt for the first time field is completed upper in September, 18-25 day
Piching cotton, afterwards according to weed species, selects a kind of herbicide individually to be sprayed preventing and treating, herbicide may be selected glyphosate, two
First tetrachloro or other herbicides；Also optional 2 kinds of herbicides mixing is sprayed and used, and generally selects MCPA,MCP,methoxone+glyphosate or two
First tetrachloro+other mixing are sprayed and used, and consumption is 40-50ml/ mus, and during spray, sprinkler height is controlled in 25-35cm, dispenser
Afterwards mean daily temperature is not less than 18 DEG C in 7-10 days, and the lowest temperature is not less than 12 DEG C of temperature in 3-5d before and after dispenser；
Fertilizers input before turning over except ultra-deep, cotton field ultra-deep turn over after continuous 3-4 N, P2O5Chemical fertilizer and fertilizer input are total
The many 10-20% of conventional Cotton Fields with High Yield that the more non-ultra-deep of amount is turned over, do not apply K2O is fertile, is carrying out after ultra-deep turns over, should immediately using laser
The smooth cotton field of land leveller, it is ensured that cotton field is controlled within ± 10cm per hundred mu of area differences of height；
Before ultra-deep pine, except by addition to first crop crop material chopping and returning, farm manure 1.5-2.5m is also put into3/ mu, and apply
Calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 10-15kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 5-10kg/ mus or 30-40kg/ mu humic acid phosphate fertilizers, sulfur
Sour potassium 5-10kg/ mus, forbid to apply the chemical fertilizer with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, above-mentioned cotton field fertilizers input
Complete within 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；
When irrigation before seeding is implemented, highland should be first filled, low-lying land is filled afterwards；
In breeding period administration, the hardened plot in local is referred to because 0-30cm soil penetration resistances (PSI) are up to 280-400 formation
Locally hardened cotton field, causes its permeability and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect poor, its in flakes Cotton Gossypii emergence rate less than 25%, including sporadicly emerging or
The plot do not emerged.Channel excavation is by power 45-60kw/rpm, bucket capacity 0.2-0.5m3Small-sized track-mounted excavator complete；
The salt-resistant plant for selecting plantation is Semen Maydiss, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, beet crop or Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., Herba Medicaginiss green manure or Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., blue and white
Dish, tomato vegetable.In these growing processes, according to its growth promoter needs, then should irrigate 2-3 time, the salt resistance of plantation
Plant, its management method is carried out by the plant Routine Management method；
Mixed with silt soil with the crop material or fertilizer crushed and fill and lead up groove, the silt soil that it is selected is from local canal
The a large amount of channel silts soil produced during road desilting, so as to reach the purpose for drawing sand to improve the soil；
At the scene during concrete operation, must prevent from damaging buried droping irrigating pipe facility；
Using the method for the invention, being only limitted to every 500-800 mus must build shelterbelt, forest belt width 8- around cotton field periphery
10 meters, so as to reduce wind erosion.Soil conditioner, the such as development in science and technology of Beijing eagle greenery patches are applied per 2-3 with water droplet with reference to Seedling flower bud phase
The standing grain health board soil conditioner of company limited's production, consumption is 2.0-2.5kg/ mus, it is possible to use Kang Dibao, Shi Dijia, Supreme Being's profit
The soil conditioner of other brands such as peace.
Other management in cotton field set up supporting filling row's canal system system by cotton field region conventional method, and using usual
South Sinkiang oasis fertilization compositions based on earth measurement drip irrigation Cotton Fields with High Yield implantation methods.
Specific embodiment
The method of the invention is in 2011 in 40 ° 25 ' 34.53 of north latitude N ", 80 ° 22 ' 25.21 of east longitude E ", Xinjiang Ah
The middle low yield cotton field of the safe branch of good harvest Mian Ye Co., Ltds eight in Wa Ti counties Shandong is carried out, and 4 examples is set altogether, each example area
135-145 mus, 550.2 mu of its gross area, before the present invention is implemented, the cotton field never carries out the ultra-deep of 55-70cm and turns over or 40-
60cm subsoilings, the cotton field is located at Tianshan Mountains southern foot, Takla Makan Desert the northern fringe, Tarim Basin northwest, Akesu River, Yarkant
It is typical South Sinkiang oasis natural ecological condition on the alluvial plain in river and Kashgar river, in addition the cotton field is continuous cropping 23 years
Middle low yield Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation, carried out from 2011 to 2016 Cotton Soil topsoil structure, concrete operations follow these steps to into
OK：
Embodiment 1
2011-2012：
Cotton field prepares：
Ultra-deep is turned over and fertilizers input：
After having picked up the normal blow-of-cottons unginned cotton in cotton field, incomplete film-recovering machine is utilized in the day 10-12 of in November, 2011, with reference to artificial,
Cleaning residual film on the field, loses in cotton field earth's surface, so as to realize crop straw after afterwards is crushed cotton stalk with straw chopping and returning machine
Stalk chopping and returning, farmers' stable breeding domestic animal fertilizer about 4.5m is put into again on November 12nd, 20113/ mu, while in earth's surface machinery
Spread fertilizer over the fields the humic acid phosphate fertilizer 80kg/ mus and potassium sulfate (K of the production of Xinjiang Lignum Pini Nodi building materials chemical industry (group) joint-stock company2SO4)10kg/
Mu, does not put into the chemical fertilizer with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, and in November 13-14 days then suspension type list is used
Ploughshare upset is ploughed deeply plough and ploughs deeply operation for cotton field, averagely ploughs deeply depth 68.5cm, so as to break the plough sole of permeable breathable difference；
Irrigation before seeding broadcasts front preparation with other：The smooth cotton field of laser flatting machine is used in the day 14-15 of in November, 2011,
Guarantee to be controlled in ± 8.5cm per hundred mu of area cotton field differences of height, after prepartion of land is complete, it is determined that winter irrigation has been implemented on periphery highland
Afterwards, the winter irrigation of the present embodiment cotton field is completed in the day 8-9 of in December, 2011, irrigation volume is 260m3/ mu；
It is native according to surveying also in the day 6-8 of in April, 2012 (after ultra-deep is turned over and before sowing) in addition to the fertilizer put into before ultra-deep is turned over
The high yield Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation Managed Solution requirement of rational application of fertilizers, determines that carbamide and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) base fertilizer consumption are respectively 18.5 Hes
25.0kg/ mus, after when raking the soil level is mixed thoroughly the fertilizer that need to be applied, are put into fertilizing box, realize the mechanical work that side drag rand applies fertilizer
Pattern completion chemical fertilizer puts into operation；
Selected kind and planting scheme：
The area in cotton field 30% is planted into Gossypium hirsutum L., other plantation sea island cotton, wherein Upland Cotton is selected 36 in new land
Number, sea island cotton Fruit variety Xinhai 21；
Breeding period administration：
Deep intertillage：Sowed in the day 10-12 of in April, 2012, deep intertillage was carried out in April 16, intertilled mean depth
17.6cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm；
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：In the day 3-5 of in June, 2012 to plot of the emergence rate less than 20% in flakes in cotton field, three are used
SY95C-9 small-sized track-mounted excavator (the rated power 53.8kw/rpm, bucket capacity 0.2- of one Group Co., Ltd production
0.45m3) carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up, carry out the channel excavation of zebra wire type layout and fill and lead up in the hardened plot in local, groove
Excavate trend and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 100cm, width 60cm, vertical dimension 200cm between groove, and with crushing
Corn stalk and Awat County have a good harvest the clear canal in trunk canal when the silt soil that produces mix and fill and lead up the groove, after to the local excavation and fill out
The hardened cotton field of flat groove individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be 120m3/ mu, treats that plough horizon water content reaches
When 15%, in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of plot plantation, later according to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth promoter needs, irrigate 2 times, other management methods are normal by oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
Rule management method is carried out；
In on June 8th, 2012 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
" standing grain health " the board soil conditioner produced with Beijing Feiying Lvdi Science And Technology Development Co., Ltd, consumption is 2.0kg/ mus；
In the investigation weed in cotton field situation on the 14th of September in 2012, it is found that at that time weed in cotton field cover degree is up to 70% or so, weeds master
Want species to be phragmites communiss and Herba seu Flos Convolvuli arvensves, in September in 2012 MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 70% glyphosate+30% is sprayed within 29th, consumption is 50ml/
Mu, water consumption 40l/ mu, during spray, sprinkler height average control mean daily temperature 19.7 in 10 days after 25cm or so, dispenser
DEG C, 15.2 DEG C of the lowest temperature in 5d before and after dispenser；
2013-2016 years, carry out ploughing deeply operation before every batch of cotton planting, the time is respectively that the day 7-8 of in April, 2013 is deep
Depth is turned over for 26cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 5-6 of in April, 2014 for 28cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 12-13 of in April, 2015 for 25cm, 2016
It is 30cm that year ploughs deeply depth day in April 12-13, is ploughed deeply within continuous 2 years to open ridge with back ridge alternately, and deep tillage machinery adopts Aksu
3 ploughshares of Jin Tiancheng mechanized equipments company limited production plough deeply plough；Also use within wherein 2015 German thunder before ploughing deeply to agree
(Labrador) subsoiler, supporting power is carried out using the wheeled tractors of JOHN DEERE 2204 of 220 horsepowers of model
Super Subsoiler, before super Subsoiler, by first crop crop material chopping and returning, also puts into farm manure 1.5m3/ mu, and apply
Double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 10kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 5kg/ mus, cotton field fertilizers input is completed for 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；The ultra-deep pine time
For the day 12-14 of in November, 2015, ultra-deep pine depth is 40cm, winter irrigation immediately after ultra-deep pine；2013rd, 2014 and 2016 do not enter every year
Row ultra-deep pine；
Irrigation before seeding：Time respectively at the day 12-13 of in December, 2013 irrigation volume be 200m3/ mu, the 16-18 of in November, 2014
Day irrigation volume is respectively 230m3/ mu, the day 28-30 of in November, 2015 irrigation volume be respectively 200m3/ mu, the day 12-13 of in November, 2016
Irrigation volume is 180m3/ mu；
Selected kind：No. 36 and Xinhai 21 in new land are selected between 2013-2016 years borders successively, No. 42 and new in new land
Sea 36, No. 56 and new sea 45 in new land, No. 68 and new sea 48 in new land, annual Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivated area accounts for the enforcement
The 20-30% of example, remaining plantation sea island cotton；
Deep intertillage：Time is respectively to intertill mean depth the day 21-22 of in April, 2013 for 16.7cm, the 20-21 of in April, 2014
Day intertillage mean depth is 15.4cm, intertills mean depth the day 26-27 of in April, 2015 for 16.2cm, the day 25-26 of in April, 2016
Intertillage mean depth is 17.8cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm；
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：During 2013-2016, in only 2014 cotton fields occur in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, carries out channel excavation and fills and leads up in June 4-5 days then to it, after to the local excavation and fill and lead up the hardened cotton field of groove
Individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be 120m3/ mu, when plough horizon water content is up to 13%, in the plot kind
Semen Maydiss are planted, later according to corn growth needs, has been irrigated 3 times, other management methods are entered by the Semen Maydiss Routine Management method
OK, other channel excavations are same 2012 with method of filling and leading up；Due to do not occur in other cotton fields in times in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, thus do not carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up；
In on June 20th, 2014 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
With BeiJing KangDiBao Biological Technology Co., Ltd " Kang Dibao " board soil conditioner, consumption is 2.3kg/ mus, 2013,2015 and
2016 do not use soil conditioner；
Shelterbelt, forest belt width 8-10 rice, so as to reduce embodiment cotton field wind are built by locality around cotton field periphery per 600 mu
Erosion；
Other management in cotton field set up supporting filling row's canal system system by cotton field region conventional method, and using usual
The drip irrigation Cotton Fields with High Yield of South Sinkiang oasis fertilization compositions based on earth measurement be managed.
Embodiment 2
2011-2012：
Cotton field prepares：
Ultra-deep is turned over and fertilizers input：
After having picked up the normal blow-of-cottons unginned cotton in cotton field, incomplete film-recovering machine is utilized in the day 13-14 of in November, 2011, with reference to artificial,
Cleaning residual film on the field, loses in cotton field earth's surface, so as to realize crop straw after afterwards is crushed cotton stalk with straw chopping and returning machine
Stalk chopping and returning, farmers' stable breeding domestic animal fertilizer about 4.0m is put into again on November 15th, 20113/ mu, while in earth's surface machinery
Spread fertilizer over the fields the humic acid phosphate fertilizer 70kg/ mus and potassium sulfate (K of the production of Xinjiang Lignum Pini Nodi building materials chemical industry (group) joint-stock company2SO4)12kg/
Mu, does not put into the chemical fertilizer with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, and in November 16-17 days then suspension type list is used
Ploughshare upset is ploughed deeply plough and ploughs deeply operation for cotton field, averagely ploughs deeply depth 63.5cm, so as to break the plough sole of permeable breathable difference；
Irrigation before seeding broadcasts front preparation with other：The smooth cotton field of laser flatting machine is used in the day 18-19 of in November, 2011,
Guarantee to be controlled in ± 8.5cm per hundred mu of area cotton field differences of height, after prepartion of land is complete, it is determined that winter irrigation has been implemented on periphery highland
Afterwards, the winter irrigation of the present embodiment cotton field is completed in the day 10-11 of in December, 2011, irrigation volume is 220m3/ mu；
It is native according to surveying also in the day 8-9 of in April, 2012 (after ultra-deep is turned over and before sowing) in addition to the fertilizer put into before ultra-deep is turned over
The high yield Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation Managed Solution requirement of rational application of fertilizers, determines that carbamide and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) base fertilizer consumption are respectively 18.5 Hes
25.0kg/ mus, after when raking the soil level is mixed thoroughly the fertilizer that need to be applied, are put into fertilizing box, realize the mechanical work that side drag rand applies fertilizer
Pattern completion chemical fertilizer puts into operation；
Selected kind and planting scheme：
The area in cotton field 30% is planted into Gossypium hirsutum L., other plantation sea island cotton, wherein Upland Cotton is selected 42 in new land
Number, the new sea 36 of sea island cotton Fruit variety；
Breeding period administration：
Deep intertillage：Sowed in the day 13-14 of in April, 2012, deep intertillage was carried out in April 19, intertilled mean depth
16.7cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm；
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：In the day 6-7 of in June, 2012 to plot of the emergence rate less than 20% in flakes in cotton field, three are used
SY95C-9 small-sized track-mounted excavator (the rated power 53.8kw/rpm, bucket capacity 0.2- of one Group Co., Ltd production
0.45m3) carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up：Carry out the channel excavation of zebra wire type layout and fill and lead up in the hardened plot in local, groove
Excavate trend and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 130cm, width 70cm, vertical dimension 250cm between groove, and with crushing
Corn stalk and Awat County have a good harvest the clear canal in trunk canal when the silt soil that produces mix and fill and lead up the groove, after to the local excavation and fill out
The hardened cotton field of flat groove individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be 135m3/ mu, treats that plough horizon water content reaches
When 14.2%, in the plot planting beet, later according to beet growth and development needs, irrigate 2 times, other management methods press Radix Betae
Routine Management method is carried out；
In on June 12nd, 2012 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
" standing grain health " the board soil conditioner produced with Beijing Feiying Lvdi Science And Technology Development Co., Ltd, consumption is 2.2kg/ mus；
In the investigation weed in cotton field situation on the 16th of September in 2012, it is found that at that time weed in cotton field cover degree is up to 70% or so, weeds master
Want species to be phragmites communiss and Herba seu Flos Convolvuli arvensves, in September in 2012 MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 70% glyphosate+30% is sprayed within 19th, consumption is 40ml/
Mu, water consumption 40l/ mu, during spray, sprinkler height average control mean daily temperature 18.7 in 10 days after 30cm or so, dispenser
DEG C, 13.2 DEG C of the lowest temperature in 5d before and after dispenser；
2013-2016 years, carry out ploughing deeply operation before every batch of cotton planting, the time is respectively that the day 8-9 of in April, 2013 is deep
Depth is turned over for 25cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 6-7 of in April, 2014 for 27cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 13-14 of in April, 2015 for 28cm, 2016
It is 29cm that year ploughs deeply depth day in April 13-14, is ploughed deeply within continuous 2 years to open ridge with back ridge alternately, and deep tillage machinery adopts Aksu
3 ploughshares of Jin Tiancheng mechanized equipments company limited production plough deeply plough；Also use within wherein 2014 German thunder before ploughing deeply to agree
(Labrador) subsoiler, supporting power is carried out using the wheeled tractors of JOHN DEERE 2204 of 220 horsepowers of model
Super Subsoiler, before super Subsoiler, by first crop crop material chopping and returning, also puts into farm manure 2.1m3/ mu, and apply
Double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 12kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 8kg/ mus, do not apply the change with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate
Fertilizer, above-mentioned cotton field fertilizers input is completed for 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；The ultra-deep pine time is the day 14-15 of in November, 2014, and ultra-deep pine is deep
Spend for 50cm, winter irrigation immediately after ultra-deep pine；2013rd, 2015 and 2016 ultra-deep pine is not carried out every year；
Irrigation before seeding：Time respectively at the day 11-12 of in December, 2013 irrigation volume be 205m3/ mu, the 14-15 of in November, 2014
Day irrigation volume is 210m3/ mu, the day 26-27 of in November, 2015 irrigation volume be 225m3/ mu, the day 14-15 of in November, 2016 irrigation volume be
220m3/ mu；
Selected kind：No. 36 and Xinhai 21 in new land are selected between 2013-2016 years borders successively, No. 42 and new in new land
Sea 36, No. 47 and new sea 45 in new land, No. 68 and new sea 48 in new land, annual Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivated area accounts for the enforcement
The 20-30% of example, remaining plantation sea island cotton；
Deep intertillage：Time is respectively to intertill mean depth the day 20-21 of in April, 2013 for 16.6cm, the 18-19 of in April, 2014
Day intertillage mean depth is 15.4cm, intertills mean depth the day 25-26 of in April, 2015 for 16.5cm, the day 26-27 of in April, 2016
Intertillage mean depth is 17.6cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm,
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：During 2013-2016, in only 2014 cotton fields occur in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, carries out channel excavation and fills and leads up in June 5-6 days then to it, after to the local excavation and fill and lead up the hardened cotton field of groove
Individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be by 135m3/ mu, when plough horizon water content is up to 13%, in the plot
Plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, later according to Development of Tomato needs, has irrigated 3 times, and other management methods are entered by Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Routine Management method
OK, other channel excavations are same 2012 with method of filling and leading up；Due to do not occur in other cotton fields in times in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, thus do not carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up；
In on June 14th, 2014 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
With BeiJing KangDiBao Biological Technology Co., Ltd " Kang Dibao " board soil conditioner, consumption is 2.2kg/ mus；
Shelterbelt, forest belt width 8-10 rice, so as to reduce embodiment cotton field wind are built by locality around cotton field periphery per 600 mu
Erosion；
Other management in cotton field set up supporting filling row's canal system system by cotton field region conventional method, and using usual
The drip irrigation Cotton Fields with High Yield of South Sinkiang oasis fertilization compositions based on earth measurement be managed.
Embodiment 3
2011-2012
Cotton field prepares：
Ultra-deep is turned over and fertilizers input：
After having picked up the normal blow-of-cottons unginned cotton in cotton field, incomplete film-recovering machine is utilized in the day 6-7 of in November, 2011, with reference to artificial, clearly
Reason residual film on the field, loses in cotton field earth's surface, so as to realize crop material after afterwards is crushed cotton stalk with straw chopping and returning machine
Chopping and returning, farmers' stable breeding domestic animal fertilizer about 3.5m is put into again on November 7th, 20113/ mu, while spreading fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface machinery
The humic acid phosphate fertilizer 60kg/ mus and potassium sulfate (K of Xinjiang Lignum Pini Nodi building materials chemical industry (group) joint-stock company production2SO4) 15kg/ mus, not
The chemical fertilizer with chloride ion or sodium ion such as input potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, it is deep using the upset of suspension type list ploughshare in November 7-8 days then
Turn over plough and plough deeply operation for cotton field, averagely plough deeply depth 57.5cm, so as to break the plough sole of permeable breathable difference；
Irrigation before seeding broadcasts front preparation with other：The smooth cotton field of laser flatting machine is used in the day 8-9 of in November, 2011, really
Protect and controlled in ± 8.5cm per hundred mu of area cotton field differences of height, after prepartion of land is complete, after it is determined that winter irrigation is implemented in periphery highland,
The winter irrigation of the present embodiment cotton field is completed in the day 9-10 of in November, 2011, irrigation volume is 180m3/ mu；
It is native according to surveying also in the day 5-6 of in April, 2012 (after ultra-deep is turned over and before sowing) in addition to the fertilizer put into before ultra-deep is turned over
The high yield Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation Managed Solution requirement of rational application of fertilizers, determines that carbamide and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) base fertilizer consumption are respectively 18.5 Hes
25kg/ mus, after when raking the soil level is mixed thoroughly the fertilizer that need to be applied, are put into fertilizing box, realize the mechanical work mould that side drag rand applies fertilizer
Formula completes chemical fertilizer input operation；
Selected kind：
The area in cotton field 30% is planted into Gossypium hirsutum L., other plantation sea island cotton, wherein Upland Cotton is selected 56 in new land
Number, the new sea 45 of sea island cotton Fruit variety；
Breeding period administration：
Deep intertillage：Sowed in the day 14-15 of in April, 2012, deep intertillage was carried out in April 20, intertilled mean depth
15.2cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm；
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：In the day 29-30 of in May, 2012 to plot of the emergence rate less than 20% in flakes in cotton field, use
SY95C-9 small-sized track-mounted excavator (the rated power 53.8kw/rpm, bucket capacity 0.2- of KM Group Co., Ltd.'s production
0.45m3) carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up：Carry out the channel excavation of zebra wire type layout and fill and lead up in the hardened plot in local, groove
Excavate trend and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 100cm, width 60cm, vertical dimension 200cm between groove, and with crushing
Corn stalk and Awat County have a good harvest the clear canal in trunk canal when the silt soil that produces mix and fill and lead up the groove, after to the local excavation and fill out
The hardened cotton field of flat groove individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be 120m3/ mu, treats that plough horizon water content reaches
When 15%, in the plot Planting Medicago sativa, later needs are developed according to alfalfa growing, irrigated 3 times, other management methods are normal by Herba Medicaginiss
Rule management method is carried out；
In on June 12nd, 2012 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
" standing grain health " the board soil conditioner produced with Beijing Feiying Lvdi Science And Technology Development Co., Ltd, consumption is 2.0kg/ mus；
In the investigation weed in cotton field situation on the 14th of September in 2012, it is found that at that time weed in cotton field cover degree is up to 70% or so, weeds master
Want species to be phragmites communiss and Herba seu Flos Convolvuli arvensves, in September in 2012 MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 70% glyphosate+30% is sprayed within 20th, consumption is 40ml/
Mu, water consumption 40l/ mu, during spray, sprinkler height average control mean daily temperature 20.2 in 10 days after 25cm or so, dispenser
DEG C, 15.8 DEG C of the lowest temperature in 5d before and after dispenser；
2013-2016 years, operation is ploughed deeply before every batch of cotton planting, the time is respectively the day 6-7 of in April, 2013 to plough deeply depth
Spend for 27cm, plough deeply depth the day 6-7 of in April, 2014 for 28cm, plough deeply depth the day 14-15 of in April, 2015 for 26cm, 2016 4
It is 28cm that the moon ploughs deeply depth 12-13 days, is ploughed deeply within continuous 2 years to open ridge with back ridge alternately, and deep tillage machinery is using Aksu gold
3 ploughshares of Tian Cheng mechanized equipments company limited production plough deeply plough；Also use within wherein 2014 German thunder before ploughing deeply to agree
(Labrador) subsoiler, supporting power is carried out using the wheeled tractors of JOHN DEERE 2204 of 220 horsepowers of model
Super Subsoiler, before super Subsoiler, by first crop crop material chopping and returning, also puts into farm manure 1.5m3/ mu, and apply
Double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 10kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 5kg/ mus, do not apply the change with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate
Fertilizer, above-mentioned cotton field fertilizers input is completed for 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；The ultra-deep pine time is the day 25-26 of in October, 2014, and ultra-deep pine is deep
Spend for 40cm, winter irrigation immediately after ultra-deep pine；2013rd, 2015 and 2016 ultra-deep pine is not carried out every year；
Irrigation before seeding：Time respectively at the day 12-13 of in December, 2013 irrigation volume be 190m3/ mu, the 16-18 of in November, 2014
Day irrigation volume is respectively 220m3/ mu, the day 28-30 of in November, 2015 irrigation volume be respectively 240m3/ mu, the day 12-13 of in November, 2016
Irrigation volume is 180m3/ mu；
Selected kind and planting scheme：Select No. 42 and new sea 36, new land in new land between 2013-2016 years borders successively
In No. 42 and new sea 36, No. 56 and new sea 45 in new land, No. 68 and new sea 48, annual Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivated areas in new land
20-30% is accounted for, remaining plantation sea island cotton；
Deep intertillage：Time is respectively to intertill mean depth the day 20-21 of in April, 2013 for 16.9cm, the 20-21 of in April, 2014
Day intertillage mean depth is 15.8cm, the day 25-26 of in April, 2015 intertills mean depth and is followed successively by 16.4cm, the 23- of in April, 2016
Intertillage mean depth was 17.9cm on 24th, intertilled row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm,
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：During 2013-2016, in only 2014 cotton fields occur in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, carries out channel excavation and fills and leads up in May 28-29 days then to it, after to the local excavation and fill and lead up the hardened cotton of groove
Field individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be by 120m3/ mu, when plough horizon water content is up to 13%, on the ground
Block plants Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., later according to Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. growth promoter needs, has irrigated 3 times, and other management methods press the Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. routine
Management method is carried out, and other channel excavations are with method of filling and leading up with 2012；Due to not occurring to emerge in flakes in other cotton fields in times
Plot of the rate less than 20%, thus do not carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up；
When first time drip irrigation in 2015, the concrete time is had on June 5th, 2015 using Beijing eagle greenery patches development in science and technology
" standing grain health " board soil conditioner of limit company production, consumption is 2.0kg/ mus, and 2013,2015 and 2016 do not use soil conditioning
Agent；
Shelterbelt, forest belt width 8-10 rice, so as to reduce embodiment cotton field wind are built by locality around cotton field periphery per 600 mu
Erosion；
Other management in cotton field set up supporting filling row's canal system system by cotton field region conventional method, and using usual
The drip irrigation Cotton Fields with High Yield of South Sinkiang oasis fertilization compositions based on earth measurement be managed.
Embodiment 4
2011-2012
Cotton field prepares：
Ultra-deep is turned over and fertilizers input：
After having picked up the normal blow-of-cottons unginned cotton in cotton field, incomplete film-recovering machine is utilized in the day 5-6 of in November, 2011, with reference to artificial, clearly
Reason residual film on the field, loses in cotton field earth's surface, so as to realize crop material after afterwards is crushed cotton stalk with straw chopping and returning machine
Chopping and returning, the day 10-11 of in November, 2011, using German thunder (Labrador) subsoiler is agreed, and supporting power uses model 220
The wheeled tractors of JOHN DEERE 2204 of horsepower, have carried out super Subsoiler, and ultra-deep pine depth is 52cm, so as to break
The plough sole of water poor air permeability；Before super Subsoiler, by first crop crop material chopping and returning, farm manure 2.1m is also put into3/
Mu, and double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 13kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 7kg/ mus are applied, do not apply the band chloride ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate or sodium
The chemical fertilizer of ion, above-mentioned cotton field fertilizers input is completed for 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；Winter irrigation immediately after ultra-deep pine
Irrigation before seeding broadcasts front preparation with other：After it is determined that winter irrigation is implemented in periphery highland, in the 2-3 of in December, 2011
Day completes the winter irrigation of the present embodiment cotton field, and irrigation volume is 220m3/ mu；
Selected kind and planting scheme：
The area in cotton field 30% is planted into Gossypium hirsutum L., other plantation sea island cotton, wherein Upland Cotton is selected 68 in new land
Number, the new sea 48 of sea island cotton Fruit variety；
Breeding period administration：
Deep intertillage：Sowed in the day 14-15 of in April, 2012, deep intertillage was carried out in April 19, intertilled mean depth
16.2cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm；
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：In the day 5-6 of in June, 2012 to plot of the emergence rate less than 20% in flakes in cotton field, three are used
SY95C-9 small-sized track-mounted excavator (the rated power 53.8kw/rpm, bucket capacity 0.2- of one Group Co., Ltd production
0.45m3) carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up：Carry out the channel excavation of zebra wire type layout and fill and lead up in the hardened plot in local, groove
Excavate trend and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 132cm, width 72cm, vertical dimension 250cm between groove, and with crushing
Corn stalk and Awat County have a good harvest the clear canal in trunk canal when the silt soil that produces mix and fill and lead up the groove, after to the local excavation and fill out
The hardened cotton field of flat groove individually enclosed stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be 125m3/ mu, treats that plough horizon water content reaches
When 15%, in the plot plantation Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., later according to Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. growth promoter needs, irrigate 2 times, other management methods are by grass
Wooden slippers Routine Management method is carried out；
In on June 8th, 2012 cotton field carry out first time drip irrigation, now apply soil conditioner with water droplet, soil conditioner makes
" Shi Dijia " the board soil conditioner produced with Chengdu Hua Hong ecological agricultures Science and Technology Ltd., consumption is 2.2kg/ mus；
In the investigation weed in cotton field situation on the 12nd of September in 2012, it is found that at that time weed in cotton field cover degree is up to 70% or so, weeds master
Want species to be phragmites communiss and Herba seu Flos Convolvuli arvensves, in September in 2012 MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 70% glyphosate+30% is sprayed within 23rd, consumption is 45ml/
Mu, water consumption 40l/ mu, during spray, sprinkler height average control mean daily temperature 19.4 in 10 days after 28cm or so, dispenser
DEG C, 13.5 DEG C of the lowest temperature in 5d before and after dispenser；
2013-2016 years, carry out ploughing deeply operation before every batch of cotton planting, the time is respectively that the day 7-8 of in April, 2013 is deep
Depth is turned over for 30cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 5-6 of in April, 2014 for 26cm, depth is ploughed deeply the day 12-13 of in April, 2015 for 28cm, 2015
It is 25cm that year ploughs deeply depth day in April 12-13, is ploughed deeply within continuous 2 years to open ridge with back ridge alternately, and deep tillage machinery adopts Aksu
3 ploughshares of Jin Tiancheng mechanized equipments company limited production plough deeply plough；Also use within wherein 2014 German thunder before ploughing deeply to agree
(Labrador) subsoiler, supporting power is carried out using the wheeled tractors of JOHN DEERE 2204 of 220 horsepowers of model
Super Subsoiler, before super Subsoiler, by first crop crop material chopping and returning, also puts into farm manure 2.0m3/ mu, and apply
Double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 12kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 7kg/ mus, do not apply the change with chloride ion or sodium ion such as potassium chloride, sodium nitrate
Fertilizer, above-mentioned cotton field fertilizers input is completed for 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；The ultra-deep pine time is the day 10-11 of in November, 2014, and ultra-deep pine is deep
Spend for 50cm, winter irrigation immediately after ultra-deep pine；2013rd, 2015 and 2016 ultra-deep pine is not carried out every year；
Irrigation before seeding：Time respectively at the day 13-14 of in December, 2013 irrigation volume be 180m3/ mu, the 14-15 of in November, 2014
Day irrigation volume is 250m3/ mu, the day 2-3 of in December, 2015 irrigation volume be respectively 200m3/ mu, the day 12-13 of in November, 2016 irrigation volume
For 240m3/ mu；
Selected kind：No. 36 and new sea 56 are selected in new land between 2013-2016 years borders successively, No. 42 and new in new land
Sea 36, No. 56 and new sea 45 in new land, No. 68 and new sea 48 in new land, annual Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivated area accounts for 20-
30%, remaining plantation sea island cotton；
Deep intertillage：Time is respectively to intertill mean depth the day 19-20 of in April, 2013 for 16.3cm, the 17-18 of in April, 2014
Day intertillage mean depth is 15.6cm, intertills mean depth the day 24-25 of in April, 2015 for 16.7cm, the day 24-25 of in April, 2016
Intertillage mean depth is 17.5cm, intertills row distance cotton planting row 10-12cm,
Channel excavation with fill and lead up：During 2013-2016, in only 2014 cotton fields occur in flakes emergence rate less than 20%
Plot, carries out channel excavation and fills and leads up in June 4-5 then to it, after to the local excavation and fill and lead up the hardened cotton field of groove and enter
Row individually enclose stalk irrigate, its first irrigation volume be by 135m3/ mu, when plough horizon water content is up to 13%, in the plot kind
Broccoli is planted, later according to broccoli growth promoter needs, has been irrigated 3 times, other management methods press the broccoli Routine Management
Method is carried out, and other channel excavations are with method of filling and leading up with 2012；Due to not occurring in other cotton fields in flakes, emergence rate is not or not times
The plot of foot 20%, thus do not carry out channel excavation and fill and lead up；
When first time drip irrigation in 2014, the concrete time is had on June 5th, 2014 using the big oasis ecology science and technology of Xinjiang stone
" Supreme Being's profit peace " board soil conditioner of limit public company production, consumption is 2.3kg/ mus, and 2013,2015 and 2016 do not use soil
Conditioner；
Other management in cotton field set up supporting filling row's canal system system by cotton field region conventional method, and using usual
The drip irrigation Cotton Fields with High Yield of South Sinkiang oasis fertilization compositions based on earth measurement be managed.
Implementation result
To test and investigating checking the method for the invention to embodiment arable layer water, fertilizer, temperature and soil physico-chemical characteristic, with
And the impact to cotton field disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds and yield traits, Jing year-by-years investigate cotton field before and after the method for the invention use
5cm temperature, thickness, salinity, hole under arable layer seedling stage soil moisture, the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, film
Porosity, soil penetration resistance (PSI), unit weight, pH value, residual film content, unit area weeds quantity, pesticide cost, cotton field diseased plant
Rate, growing way, emergence rate, survival rate of seedlings, single-strain bell-forming number, Single boll weight and seed cotton yield.It is annual individual per investigation index random searching 5-8
Point, the corresponding index before the present invention is not used, is defined by the average data of 2009-2011, is made using the pesticide after the present invention
With cost, cotton field diseased plant rate, emergence rate, strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings, single-strain bell-forming number, Single boll weight, seed cotton yield corresponding index, with 2013-
Demonstration example average is defined within 3 years 2015, and other indexs are defined by the annual averages of 2014-2016 tri-, are analyzed by table 1-2, bright
Really using effect of the present invention is as follows：
Table 1：Impact of the present invention to arable layer water, fertilizer, temperature and soil other physicochemical properties
As seen from Table 1：Seedling stage soil moisture increases by 0.5 percentage point, thus has water retention；Plough horizon is organic
Matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus contents decline respectively 0.3g/kg, 1.9mg/kg, 1.1mg/kg, fall is respectively 2.7%,
4.0%th, 9.0%, fall is less, but arable layer available potassium increasing degree is larger, and up to 35.2%；5cm is native under seedling stage film
Earth temperature increases by 0.6 DEG C, thus insulation effect is obvious；Arable layer thickness increases 7.1cm, and increasing degree is higher, up to 30.0%；Seedling
Phase topsoil salinity declines 2.1g/kg, and fall is higher, up to 39.6%, thus suppresses salt damage effect to project；Seedling stage
Topsoil porosity (%) increases by 8.5 percentage points, increases by 18.8%, and soil penetration resistance (PSI) is dropped to by 340
210, decline 130, fall is up to 38.2%, due to soil porosity substantially increase with soil penetration resistance significantly under
Drop, thus be conducive to the growth of soil aeration, soil microorganism and cotton root system, seedling stage topsoil unit weight declines 0.11g/
cm3, it is ensured that soil has preferable unit weight index；Soil pH value reduces by 0.4, reduces by 5.1%, is conducive to alleviating long-term continuous cropping cotton field
The trend for causing soil pH value to increase, topsoil residual film content declines 11.3kg/ mus, declines by a big margin, up to 72.9%,
The change of these indexs shows substantially improve topsoil using the inventive method.
Table 2：Impact of the invention to disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds and yield traits
As seen from Table 2：Unit area weeds quantity declines 6.0 plants/m2, fall is higher, up to 58.8%, it is clear that have
Beneficial to resistance Weed infestation；Pesticide cost declines 27.6 yuan/mu, and fall is higher, up to 43.9%, it is clear that be conducive to abridged edition to increase
The pollution of effect and reduction pesticide to soil, environmental protection；Cotton field diseased plant rate declines 5.9 percentage points, and fall is higher, reaches
65.6%, it is clear that advantageously reduce disease generation；Cotton field is without senilism phenomenon；Emergence rate increases by 6.4 percentage points, increases by 7.9%,
Unit area keep a full stand of seedings strain number increase by 1100.0 plants/acre, increase by 8.1%, it is clear that because Cotton Soil of the present invention is improved, favorably
Full stand is broadcast in one；Single-strain bell-forming number 0.9/plant of increase, increase by 17.0%, Single boll weight increase 0.25g, increase by 10.6%, thus
Be conducive to improving cotton field yielding ability；Seed cotton yield increases 57.5kg/ mus, volume increase 20.3%, further analysis shows：Due to using
Arable layer trace element of the present invention substantially increases, and the following soil organism of arable layer, available nitrogen, available phosphorus contents are substantially big
In the present invention is not used, supplemented by the following soil organism of arable layer, available nitrogen and rapid available phosphorus, along with present invention fertilising plan
The adjustment slightly gone up, from the analysis of cotton field growing way, economic characters and yielding ability, the optimization of Cotton Soil physicochemical property, it is clear that can carry
High soil supplying nutrient capability and soil and fertilizer utilization rate.
Claims (1)
1. low yield Cotton Soil topsoil construction method in a kind of South Sinkiang oasis drip irrigation continuous cropping, it is characterised in that follow these steps to into
OK：
Cotton field prepares：
A, plough deeply：Before last year winter irrigation or then 5-10 days before sowing cotton seed, every batch of Cotton Gossypii carries out prior to seeding 1 time ploughing deeply,
Never carry out that 55-70 cm ultra-deep is turned over or the cotton field of 40-60 cm subsoilings carries out the ultra-deep of 1 time and turns over, it is equal that other time ploughs deeply depth
For 25-30 cm, plough deeply within continuous 2 years and should be out ridge with back ridge alternately, in the cotton region that water resource is enriched, ultra-deep turns over Ying Dong
Complete before filling, 25-30 cm's ploughs deeply operation and must complete in 4-8 days prior to seeding, wherein, before ultra-deep is turned over, by first crop crop straw
Stalk chopping and returning, puts into farm manure 3.5-4.5 m3/ mu, and apply calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 20-30 kg/ mus
With potassium sulfate 10-15 kg/ mus, or 60-80kg/ mus humic acid phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate 10-15 kg/ mus, during the fertilizers input of cotton field
Between complete within 1-3 days before the ploughing deeply of 55-70 cm；
B, ultra-deep pine：Ultra-deep pine is carried out the cotton field 3-4 after ultra-deep is turned over is carried out, each ultra-deep pine does not enter in irrigation before seeding
Complete before row, the time, the depth of ultra-deep pine was 40-60 cm, to not carrying out to complete before late October last year-mid-November
Ultra-deep turns over cotton field, carries out ultra-deep pine before site preparation then, later loose 1 time every 3-5 ultra-deep, before ultra-deep pine, by first crop crop
Straw chopping and returning, puts into farm manure 1.5-2.5 m3/ mu, and apply calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate chemical fertilizer 10-15 kg/
Mu and potassium sulfate 5-10kg/ mus, or 30-40kg/ mus humic acid phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate 5-10 kg/ mus, cotton field fertilizers input exists
Complete within 1-3 days before ultra-deep pine；
C, irrigation before seeding：Irrigation before seeding is carried out in 10 days-December 15 November last year, its irrigation volume is 180-260 m3/ mu；
D, selected kind：Biological yield is selected to be Gossypium hirsutum L. up to the relatively strong cotton variety of the growth potential of 1100-1300 kg/ mus
36,42,47,56 or No. 68 in the new land of kind, new extra large 21,36,45 or No. 48 of island cotton variety；
Breeding period administration：
E, deep intertillage：Cotton Gossypii finishes in 1 week after planting and carries out deep intertillage, intertills depth 15-18 cm, intertills row distance Cotton Gossypii kind
Plant row 10-12cm；
F, cotton field channel excavation with fill and lead up：The ditch of zebra wire type layout is carried out in the hardened plot in local in the May 28-6 months 7 then
Groove is excavated and filled and led up, and the groove of excavation is moved towards and plough deeply direction throughout the year vertical, ditch groove depth 100-160cm, width 60-80cm, groove
Between vertical dimension 200-300 cm, have a groove to digging, and the hardened plot in local filled and led up individually is enclosed stalk and irrigated, it is filled first
The amount of irrigating is by 120-150 m3/ mu meter, is jade in the plot plantation salt-resistant plant when plough horizon water content reaches 13-16%
Rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Radix Betae, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., Herba Medicaginiss, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., broccoli or Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, other management methods press the plant Routine Management method
Carry out.
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