CN1122439C - Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course - Google Patents
Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course Download PDFInfo
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- CN1122439C CN1122439C CN99116668A CN99116668A CN1122439C CN 1122439 C CN1122439 C CN 1122439C CN 99116668 A CN99116668 A CN 99116668A CN 99116668 A CN99116668 A CN 99116668A CN 1122439 C CN1122439 C CN 1122439C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a ground film covering method for cultivating paddy rice and aquatic plants in a whole course, which belongs to the technical field of a cultivation technique. The present invention is characterized in that the present invention adopts a method of ground film covering in the whole course to cultivate the paddy rice and the aquatic plants. The method comprises the following procedures: a field is finely adjusted; the paddy rice and the aquatic plants are planted by means of belt division; basic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer needed in the whole course are sufficiently applied once; furrows and planting belts are matched, and the furrows are filled with water which moistens and irrigates the field; the water is discharged and exhausted before harvest. The present invention effectively solves two problems of low temperature and water shortage of low yield farmlands, such as cold waterlogged paddy fields, slush fields, cold fields, upland sloping fields, etc. The present invention has the prominent advantages of temperature raise, water retention, cost saving, synergy, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crop cultivating technology field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of the omnidistance plastic mulching of a kind of paddy rice.
Background technology
Before the present invention makes, many scholar experts carried out many arduous explorations for many years both at home and abroad, the measure in multiple improvement and transformation low yield paddy field has been proposed, its main method and measure comprise: land reclaimed from a lake, shore, China south, cold waterlogged paddy field, mud field, the cold field of high mountain are implemented to lift engineering measures such as field to dig trenches to drain the water away, to fill up soil, perhaps existing tillage method is improved, carried out such as paddy field ridge culture, agricultural measures such as increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer; For the sloping non-irrigated sloping field of height, implement to dig engineering measures such as pool retaining and well-digging irrigation in the water shortage in north china field.There is the water of popularization to change drought from the major measure of cropping system improvement.More than these measures for transforming the low yield paddy field, increase the yield per unit area, played positive effect.Because China's low yield paddy field area is big, the improvement difficulty is also big, adds all multifactor restrictions such as the fund of being subjected to, manpower and complete sets of Techniques, and these engineerings and agronomic measures still are difficult to apply rapidly in national large tracts of land at present.
On various crops, carry out plastic film mulching cultivation and be the revolution on the agricultural, become a crucial agrotechnical measures of external and China's dry crop increasing both production and income.Because plastic mulching cultivation technology has temperature raising and maintaining, energy-conservation water conservation, protect fertilely, reduce weeds harm, improve comprehensive benefit such as the output of crops and quality greatly and be subjected to peasant's welcome.Plastic mulching cultivation technology is only promoted the use of on dry crop both at home and abroad at present, and Shang Weijian is at the report of paddy rice and water plants application.
There are ten hundreds of lands reclaimed from a lake, shore, cold waterlogged paddy field, mud field, the cold field of high mountain, non-irrigated sloping field and lack of water field in China, owing to be subjected to the restriction of Special geography ecological environmental condition and the influence of conventional tillage mode, long-term existence " low temperature " and " lack of water " two big contradictions, especially early spring low temperature and drought in summer this contradiction of time more outstanding, make water plants such as paddy rice be in the low yield situation of pacing up and down for a long time.China is the poor relatively country of a water resource on the other hand, north drought and water shortage, south precipitation exists characteristics such as spatial and temporal distributions is inhomogeneous, paddy rice and other water plants are to need the more plant of water, adopt the irrigation method of broad irrigation to carry out farming for a long time, neither science has caused the waste of water resource again.Therefore how to improve that the output of paddy rice and other water plants is in the current production and a difficult problem to be solved in the above-mentioned low-yield land.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose the new method of the omnidistance plastic film mulching cultivation of a kind of paddy rice, to solve low-yield land rice high yield stable yields problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions;
1, a kind of method of rice-cultivating adopts omnidistance plastic mulching that described paddy rice is cultivated and moisture management, and concrete steps are:
1) divide the railway carriage or compartment plantation, the disposable base manure that uses sufficient is left the railway carriage or compartment, is enclosed ditch;
2) covering 0.005mm is thick on the face earth of described railway carriage or compartment, the plastic film (for example adopting the polyvinyl chloride or the polyethylene ultra micro plastic film of 170cm fabric width in an embodiment of the present invention) of suitable fabric width, go into the mud compacting around making it, by predetermined seeding row spacing punching, standby;
3) carry out paddy rice vernalization sowing by 10 ℃ in that daily mean temperature is stable, cultivated 30-35 days, breed band 1-2 tiller to strengthen rice shoot greatly standby;
4) paddy rice of planting on described fenestra, the temperature situation when looking shoot transplanting equipment are in time irritated shallow water after transplanting, keep in the ditch water being arranged, and the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, can irritate, can arrange, and gather in the crops and suitably control water, draining for the previous period;
5) look the seedling growth situation topdresses in good time;
2, the described amount of application that topdresses imposes the chemical fertilizer of 50 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms of potassium chloride by per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces.
3, described base manure applies the farmyard manure of 4000-5000 kilogram by per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces.
4, the railway carriage or compartment width of cloth of described railway carriage or compartment face is 165cm, the railway carriage or compartment, encloses ditch width and each 25cm of the degree of depth, makes the railway carriage or compartment face keep the 140cm breadth, and the railway carriage or compartment, to enclose ditch supporting mutually.
If the weather that is exposed to the sun occurs, timely one day pellicular water of light irrigation on face after transplanting seedlings then kept having in the ditch water later on when rice seedling was transplanted, and the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, carries out moistening irrigation.
By above cultivation step and technological innovation, the change paddy rice is grown under the overlay film guard mode under nature and grows, and changes under paddy rice or other water plants tradition waterflooding condition to spend whole process for finishing under the wet condition throughout one's life.Optimize paddy soil, fertilizer, water, light, heat, compression ring border thus.Demonstrating huge heating early sends out, resisting drought saving water, improves the soil and protect fertilizer, oxygen barrier weeding, saving of labor's abridged edition, alleviate the disease worm, reduce the comprehensive benefit of polluting and increasing production and improying productivity, fundamentally solve the low temperature and the arid two big obstruction factors of restriction paddy rice and water plants normal growth.Its technology is simplified, penetration and promotion easily.
According to technological thought of the present invention, it is similar to the paddy rice cultivating method mulched in whole course that technical scheme of the present invention also can be used for the cultivating method mulched in whole course of for example lotus rhizome, water chestnut, wild rice stem or taro.The concrete grammar that can take is, select the ultra micro film of 0.005mm, the breadth width is not limit (according to crop species different and seeding row spacing and decide), meticulous smooth good paddy field, disposable farmyard manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium chemical fertilizer of using sufficient, the row of horizontal field, hold the railway carriage or compartment ditch successfully, enclose ditch, railway carriage or compartment face width degree is decided according to crop species, selected mulch film is covered on the face of railway carriage or compartment and with earth tightly pastes mutually, face punches with card punch, use the mud compacting around the film, then with seedling replanting on it in hole, the water at ditch and the certain interface of ditch, railway carriage or compartment is enclosed in maintenance, drain water again to the plant growth later stage, in order to results.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1::
Rice varieties is selected hybridization semilate rice for use, selects long combination kind for use in Shiyan City, Hubei Province height above sea level mountain area below 800 meters, selects short combination kind for use in height above sea level 800-1000 rice mountain area.
Mulch film is selected thick 0.005mm ultra micro film (polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene) for use, fabric width 170cm, per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces film 3.3-3.5 kilogram.
When daily mean temperature is stablized by 10 ℃, paddy is carried out the vernalization sowing.The Pingchuan District late March sowing of low mountain, middle high mountain area was sowed at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is 30-45 days, cultivates the strong seedling of band 1-2 tiller, and is stand-by.
With the 4000-5000 kilogram the farmyard manure of mu apply Tanaka as base fertilizer, pour water and plough rake, the row of horizontal field, being made into the railway carriage or compartment face is the field, railway carriage or compartment of 165cm, supporting layout is dark, the railway carriage or compartment ditch of wide each 25cm and enclose ditch, and per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces are by 50 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, the chemical fertilizer of 5 kilograms of potassium chloride evenly imposes on the face of railway carriage or compartment, then according to aforesaid method overlay film, punching and transplanting seedlings.Other field management are all according to preceding method.
Later stage is taken off fertile field piece, and lighter, per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces spray 80 kilograms of the urea water of 3-4%, take off the water that film 4cm is flooded in fertile heavier filling, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5 kilograms in urea.
Because adopt plastic mulching insulation cultivation, the transplanting time of rice shoot generally can be done sth. in advance 8-11 days than open country traditional cultivation.Conclusion in the multiple spot test of the present invention shows that the transplanting time of semilate rice is mid-April in the mountains low-to-middle in height district of Shiyan City, Hubei Province, has inserted by the end of April; Inserted in the first tenday period of a month in May the alpine region.
Planting density is: each railway carriage or compartment face plant 6 the row.Every hole, low-relief terrain is by single this transplanting, and this transplanting of 1-2 of every hole is pressed in the alpine region, basic seedling 1.6 ten thousand strains of per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces, and the per 666 square metres of basic seedlings in cold, barren field are 20,000 strains.
The present invention has following good effect:
The present invention shows at the test of Shiyan City, Hubei Province multiple years, demonstration result, adopt the Hybrid Rice of film-covering cultivation, average yield per mu reaches the 489.8-552.3 kilogram, contrast volume increase 15.82-29.90%, especially in the year of early spring low temperature and great drought, the mulch film paddy rice more demonstrates huge yield potential. Be shown in Table 1:
Table 1 cultivating method mulched implementation result of paddy rice in 1996
Shiyan, Hubei, place (by 10 average statisticses)
| Effective fringe (10,000 square metres) | Total grain panicle (grain) | The real grain of fringe (grain) | Mass of 1000 kernel (gram) | Theoretical yield (666 square metres of kilograms) | Actual production (666 square metres of kilograms) | |
| Overlay film | 18.97 | 139.2 | 128.8 | 26.3 | 650.7 | 544.3 |
| Contrast | 16.20 | 124.6 | 114.4 | 25.9 | 489.0 | 409.1 |
| Value difference | 2.77 | 14.6 | 14.4 | 0.4 | 161.7 | 135.2 |
| ±％ | 17.1 | 11.7 | 12.6 | 1.5 | 33.1 | 33.0 |
Effect of the present invention also shows:
The one, it is remarkable to heat effect. According to observations record, the time of infertility underground 5 centimeters accumulated temperature, film covered rice cultivation contrast increases 113.9-360.2 ℃, average 225.2 ℃, per dayly heats 1.5 ℃. Behind the overlay film, front 70 days per day heats nearly 3 ℃, and high and low scenery with hills and waters rice is tillered about 10 days and 5 days ahead of time respectively phase beginning, built artificially send out a morning, send out soon, the strong condition of nourishing and growing of sending out, along with early sending out fast sending out, promoted early heading, maturation early.
The cultivation of table 2 film covered rice and basic, normal, high three levels above sea level of open country conventional cultivation
Underground 5 centimeters temperature variations in time of infertility mean values are observed table
(date: day/month)
| 1/4-30/6 | 1/7-31/7 | 1/8-31/8 | 1/9-30/9 | The time of infertility (the 4-9 month) | ||||||
| Day is warm | Total accumulated temperature | Day is warm | Total accumulated temperature | Day is warm | Total accumulated temperature | Day is warm | Total accumulated temperature | Day is warm | Total accumulated temperature | |
| Overlay film | 24.0 | 1700. 7 | 25.9 | 800.4 | 24.0 | 742.8 | 18. 1 | 363.0 | 23.5 | 3640.0 |
| Contrast | 21.1 | 1494. 5 | 25.2 | 779.4 | 23.7 | 735.7 | 18. 5 | 370.1 | 22.0 | 3414.8 |
| Value difference | 2.9 | 206.5 | 0.7 | 21.0 | 0.23 | 7.1 | -0. 4 | -7.0 | 1.5 | 225.5 |
The 2nd, water-saving function is huge. Calculate according to pipe water discharge, the whole field of pouring water is to the water-break overlay film, and film covered rice is cultivated 42.7 cubic metres of every mu of average water savings of contrast, and the middle and later periods is different because of height above sea level, every mu of decreased average moisture evaporation 30-40 cubic meter. The general whole process of this technology 60-80% that can economize on water. Touch covering with ground and stop soil water evaporation, thereby the humidity that reduces the field is example, is explained.
The covering with ground sheeting of table 3 paddy rice and the observed case that contrasts field relative temperature of lower middle and later periods of cultivation condition
| June | July | August | September | On average | |
| Overlay film | 94.0％ | 95.5％ | 95.1％ | 94.7％ | 94.9％ |
| Contrast | 95.9％ | 98.3％ | 96.4％ | 97.8％ | 97.1％ |
| Value difference | -1.9％ | -2.4％ | -1.3％ | -3.1％ | -2.2％ |
The 3rd, function of fertilizer retention is obvious. The water plant plastic-film-covered cultivations such as paddy rice disposablely use sufficient lowly fertile, and fertilizer concentrates and be applied on the railway carriage or compartment face that accounts for full field area 85%, change the flood string and fill with and be moistening furrow irrigation, can avoid nutrient loss. Because overlay film heats, moisture management has not only improved and has dropped into the utilization rate of fertilizer, and promoted the conversion of soil self potential nutrients to available nutrient. Be shown in Table 4:
The horizontal soil nutrient change list of table 4 Rice Cultivated by Plastic Film Mulching Different Fertilization
Unit: 666 square metre, kilograms, ppm
| Process | Mode | The base fertilizer consumption | Per unit area yield (kilogram/666 square metres) | |||||||
| Farm manure kg | The N kilogram | The P kilogram | The K kilogram | Alkaline hydrolysis N PPM | P 2O 5 PPM | K 2O PPM | Organic % | |||
| Special fertilizer | Overlay film | 3250 | 9.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 131.5 | 8.5 | 81.1 | 8.8 | 589 |
| Contrast | 3250 | 10.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 129.5 | 7.6 | 78.1 | 8.7 | 488 | |
| Value difference | -1 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 101 | ||||
| Without fertile | Overlay film | 3250 | 87 | 8.4 | 79.7 | 8.7 | 267 | |||
| Contrast | 3250 | 85 | 7.1 | 76.1 | 8.4 | 130 | ||||
| Value difference | 2.0 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 137 | |||||
The 4th, herbicidal performance is good. Because plastic film mulching mud face forms disconnected oxygen layer between the film mud, solar irradiation can suffocate and kill weeds children grass in addition, has reduced weeds in field and has won honour for, and strives fertilizer, strives water harm. According to investigations, weeding rate is up to 91.4%. See Table shown in 5:
Table 5 plastic film mulching cultivation paddy rice method and the investigation of contrast to the weed growth influence
Unit: 666 square metres, m
2, ten thousand strains, fresh weight kilogram
| June 30, the grass amount was/666 square metres | July 30, the grass amount was/666 square metres | August 20, the grass amount was/666 square metres | / 666 square metres of average grass amounts | |||||||
| Strain m 2 | Gram m 2 | Ten thousand strains | Kilogram | Ten thousand strains | Kilogram | Ten thousand strains | Kilogram | Ten thousand strains | Kilogram | |
| Overlay film | 15.1 | 19.6 | 1.01 | 13.1 | 1.13 | 13.3 | 1.21 | 12.8 | 1.12 | 13.1 |
| Contrast | 437 | 341 | 29.17 | 228 | 30.2 | 220 | 28.13 | 229.3 | 29.1 | 225.5 |
| Negative difference | 422.1 | 321.4 | 28.19 | 214.9 | 28.07 | 206.7 | 26.92 | 242.5 | 27.99 | 212.4 |
By above four big outstanding effects, brought three great changes:
1, the reform of cropping system.The film covered rice cultivation makes cold soaking mud Tagayasu Den make system by the ripe two crops a year that become of last year one, make non-irrigated hilllock fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water can only become water plants such as to plant paddy rice by planting grain by the past, and consequent series of effects, make cropping system that huge change take place.
2, the accommodation of kind enlarges.The present invention can make the long height above sea level that is combined in the plantation in mountain area of hybrid rice improve about 300 meters, and latitude can be passed the 2-3 degree northwards, and the planting range of rice varieties is wider.
3, the change of low-yield land governance way.The present invention makes low-yield land obtain improvement, has at one stroke solved indeterminable over a long period of time root problem, make water plants such as this season paddy rice and following season crop all can obtain high yield.Water plants such as plastic film mulching cultivation paddy rice had both been protected water and soil, had strengthened the ability that crop is withstood natural calamities, and provided important guarantee condition to the agricultural production sustainable development again.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of rice-cultivating is characterized in that, adopts omnidistance plastic mulching that described paddy rice is cultivated and moisture management, and concrete steps are:
1) divide the railway carriage or compartment plantation, the disposable base manure that uses sufficient is left the railway carriage or compartment, is enclosed ditch;
2) covering 0.005mm is thick on the face earth of described railway carriage or compartment, and suitably the plastic film of fabric width makes it go into the mud compacting all around, punches by predetermined seeding row spacing, and is standby;
3) carry out paddy rice vernalization sowing by 10 ℃ in that daily mean temperature is stable, cultivated 30-35 days, breed band 1-2 tiller to strengthen rice shoot greatly standby;
4) paddy rice of planting on described fenestra, the temperature situation when looking shoot transplanting equipment are in time irritated shallow water after transplanting, keep in the ditch water being arranged, and the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, can irritate, can arrange, and gather in the crops and suitably control water, draining for the previous period;
5) look the seedling growth situation topdresses in good time;
2, the method for rice-cultivating according to claim 1 is characterized in that, per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces impose the chemical fertilizer of 50 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms of potassium chloride.
3, want the method for 1 described rice-cultivating according to right, it is characterized in that, described base manure is farmyard manure, and per 666 square metres of railway carriage or compartment faces apply the 4000-5000 kilogram.
4, the method for rice-cultivating according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the railway carriage or compartment width of cloth of described railway carriage or compartment face is 165cm, the railway carriage or compartment, encloses ditch width and each 25cm of the degree of depth, makes the railway carriage or compartment face keep the 140cm breadth, and the railway carriage or compartment, to enclose ditch supporting mutually.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99116668A CN1122439C (en) | 1999-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99116668A CN1122439C (en) | 1999-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1288653A CN1288653A (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| CN1122439C true CN1122439C (en) | 2003-10-01 |
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| CN99116668A Expired - Fee Related CN1122439C (en) | 1999-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109845602A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-06-07 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of paddy rice planting method for making the ecosystem altogether for the rice frog |
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| CN102860195B (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2016-01-13 | 李晓莉 | The full film mulching plant method of a kind of castor-oil plant |
| CN102860240B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 常州大学 | Paddy field irrigation method for reducing lead content of paddy |
| CN104782353A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-22 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for activating soil organic matter of cold waterlogged paddy fields and improving productivity |
| CN106717773A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 邱逸奎 | Receive the shallow agricultural climate condition for corn method of root crop |
| CN107306713A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-03 | 枞阳县横埠庆平家庭农场 | A kind of paddy seedling culture method |
| CN107996331A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-05-08 | 哈尔滨良土农业科学技术研究所 | Program request cultural method in rice membrane |
| CN109452117B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2020-09-29 | 李丹两 | Method for planting and harvesting underground rhizome crops by adopting water pillow mulching film |
| CN110367072A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-25 | 杭州湾里塘莲藕专业合作社 | A kind of water chestnut cultural method |
| CN111109024A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method and management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of rice field by utilizing duckweeds |
| CN111758504A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Mulching method applied to aquatic plants |
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1999
- 1999-09-21 CN CN99116668A patent/CN1122439C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109845602A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-06-07 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of paddy rice planting method for making the ecosystem altogether for the rice frog |
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