CN111109024A - Method and management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of rice field by utilizing duckweeds - Google Patents
Method and management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of rice field by utilizing duckweeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN111109024A CN111109024A CN201911304361.4A CN201911304361A CN111109024A CN 111109024 A CN111109024 A CN 111109024A CN 201911304361 A CN201911304361 A CN 201911304361A CN 111109024 A CN111109024 A CN 111109024A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweeds, and belongs to the technical field of rice planting and fertilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting and fertilization, and particularly relates to a method for reducing ammonia volatilization in a rice field by utilizing duckweeds.
Background
The traditional rice planting process needs fertilization and flooding, and the prior rice planting and fertilization method has three problems, one is that decomposition of an ammonia-containing fertilizer can cause release of part of ammonia, so that the actual utilization rate of nitrogen is reduced. The other is that the temperature of the surface water of the rice growing season field is higher, which can increase the volatilization speed of ammonia. Finally, the pH of the field water body rises in the fertilizer decomposition process, and the release and volatilization of ammonia are accelerated. The prior art adopts independent methods to solve the problems, and lacks a comprehensive method capable of simultaneously solving the three problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweed, by planting and recovering the duckweed in water on the surface of the rice field,
the ammonia fertilizer can reduce the volatilization of ammonia in the rice field by reducing the temperature and the PH value of the water body, and can greatly increase the utilization efficiency of the ammonia fertilizer by adjusting the absorption and the release of inorganic nitrogen nutrients, thereby reducing the irrigation and fertilization costs.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for reducing ammonia volatilization in a rice field by utilizing duckweed, which comprises the following three steps:
step A, base fertilizer application: applying an amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field;
step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
c, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or regulating the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to the height H1.
The method provided by the invention is further provided that the method also comprises a step D of draining, namely lowering the water level of the field from the height H1 to H2 or draining.
The method provided by the invention is further set as follows, the method also comprises the following steps: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist.
The method provided by the invention is further set as follows, in the method, the relationship between the base fertilizer and the duckweed put amount is as follows:
the dosage of the base fertilizer is less than 90kgN/ha, and the adding amount of the duckweed is 200g fresh weight/m2；
The dosage of the base fertilizer is more than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 120kgN/ha, and the adding amount of duckweed is 300g fresh weight/m2，
Base fertilizer dosage>The feed amount of duckweed is within 120kgN/ha and is 400g fresh weight/m2。
The method provided by the invention is further set as follows in sequence:
step A, base fertilizer application: applying amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field.
Step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
c, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 5-80 mm.
Step D, draining, namely reducing the height of field surface water from H1 to H2 or draining,
step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist. Normally baking the field, and controlling the time when the relative humidity of the soil is 60-70% within 2 days to avoid the death of the duckweed.
The method provided by the invention is further set as follows in sequence:
c, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 80-150 mm.
Step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
step A, base fertilizer application: applying amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field.
Step D, draining:
firstly, reducing the height of the field water from H1 to H2, wherein the height range of H2 is 5-30mm, maintaining the water level of H2, keeping for N days, and draining;
step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist, and the soil wettability is as follows.
The method further comprises the step F of recycling the duckweed, arranging a filter screen at a water outlet of the rice field for recycling the duckweed, wherein the aperture of the filter screen is less than 2 mm.
The method provided by the invention is further set as the step F, the duckweed recovery also comprises the steps of quickly irrigating and raising the height of the surface water of the field, flushing the field, and quickly draining water and collecting and recovering the duckweed.
The method provided by the invention is further provided that the duckweed is duckweed (L.) (Lemna minor）。
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweeds, wherein the system is controlled by a controller and is electrically connected with a field surface water height sensor, a water inlet valve, a fertilizer feeding valve, a drainage gate, an illumination intensity sensor, a soil humidity sensor, an alarm and an administrator terminal; a field water height sensor for monitoring the field water height; the water inlet valve is controlled by the controller and is used for water inlet irrigation; the fertilizer throwing valve is controlled by the controller and controls the application of liquid fertilizer; a drain gate controlled by the controller and used for draining and discharging the duckweed; the illumination intensity sensor is used for monitoring illumination intensity data; the soil humidity sensor is used for monitoring the soil humidity; the alarm is provided with a 4G or 5G communication module, and the communication module sends alarm information of the controller to the administrator terminal; the alarm information comprises duckweed putting time or water inlet or drainage time information.
And the administrator terminal comprises a mobile phone and APP software arranged on the mobile phone and is used for receiving alarm information of the alarm and remotely controlling the water inlet valve, the drainage gate and the fertilizer throwing valve.
Compared with the prior art, the method for reducing ammonia volatilization of the rice field by utilizing the duckweeds has the following beneficial effects by adopting the symbiosis of the duckweeds in the rice field:
1. the problem that ammonia in the ammonia-containing fertilizer can partially volatilize in the existing rice fertilization process is solved, the actual utilization rate of the ammonia-containing fertilizer is improved, the use amount of the whole inorganic fertilizer is reduced, and the delay of the reduction of the soil quality is facilitated.
2. The problem of current rice planting growth in-process, field surface water temperature is higher, influences the rice and grows, distributes on field surface water through duckweed, can be through sheltering from directly shining of sunshine, through duckweed float the growth characteristic on the surface of water, reaches the purpose of physics cooling, makes the water cooling.
3. The problems of quick volatilization of water in the paddy field and high irrigation cost are solved, and the volatilization of the water can be reduced through the growth characteristic that duckweeds float on the water surface.
4. After fertilization, the duckweed can be used for supplementing and adjusting green manure and used as a fertilizer buffer, when the content of fertilizers such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the water body is high, the duckweed can be rapidly grown and stored in the body by utilizing the fertilizers, and when the content in the water body is reduced, the duckweed can release nutrients such as nitrogen nutrients and the like to ensure that the rice grows.
5. The redundant duckweeds can be drained through the water outlet and quickly collected, the collected duckweeds can be recycled or sold to other breeding industries, and the economic value of the rice field is improved.
6. Under the mode of lean management, through management system, can convenient and fast carry out the management and control to fertilization and irrigation, duckweed input time in whole paddy field through administrator's terminal, greatly reduced manual management's the degree of difficulty for duckweed paddy field popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of this embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the management system of this embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweed sequentially comprises the following steps:
step A, base fertilizer application: applying amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field.
Step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field; the relationship between the base fertilizer and the feed amount of duckweed is as follows: the dosage of the base fertilizer is less than 90kgN/ha, and the adding amount of the duckweed is 200g fresh weight/m2(ii) a The dosage of the base fertilizer is more than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 120kgN/ha, and the adding amount of duckweed is 300g fresh weight/m2Amount of base fertilizer>The feed amount of duckweed is within 120kgN/ha and is 400g fresh weight/m2。
C, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 5-80 mm. The height is matched and adjusted according to the actual rice growth period and the height.
And D, draining, namely reducing the height of field surface water from H1 to H2 or draining, in the embodiment, directly draining and recovering duckweed. Whether or not duckweed is recovered may be selected according to the actual use, and if only duckweed is to be used as a green manure, duckweed may be left in the paddy field without being recovered, or if it is to be used for another use, duckweed may be recovered and used.
Step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist. The soil moisture is generally maintained to ensure that duckweed is not dried in the sun to death. Most preferably, a thin layer of water is maintained.
In the embodiment, the method preferably further comprises a step F of recovering the duckweed, arranging a filter screen at the water discharge port of the rice field and recovering the duckweed, wherein the pore diameter of the filter screen is less than 2 mm. The filter screen sets up in the pit of outlet for the duckweed can assemble in the pit, conveniently collects.
In this embodiment, preferably, the step F of duckweed recovery further comprises the steps of rapidly irrigating and raising the water level of the field, flushing the field, and rapidly draining water to collect and recover duckweed. The step can be used or not used as an auxiliary means, when the drainage speed is low, the step can be cancelled, a large amount of duckweeds are gathered and recovered, and when the drainage speed is high, the step is required.
In this embodiment, the duckweed is preferably Lemna minor (Lemna minor)Lemna minor）：
Example 2
Compared with example 1, which only differs in the sequence of steps and some parameters, in this example, a method of irrigating water, then feeding duckweed and then applying fertilizer is used, and the other steps are substantially the same, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:
c, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 80-150 mm.
Step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
step A, base fertilizer application: applying amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field.
Step D, draining:
firstly, reducing the height of the field water from H1 to H2, wherein the height range of H2 is 5-30mm, maintaining the water level of H2, keeping for N days, and draining;
step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist, and the soil wettability is as follows.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, a management system for reducing ammonia volatilization in a rice field by utilizing duckweeds, rice 7 is planted in the rice field, and the system is controlled by a controller 5 and is electrically connected with a field surface water height sensor (not shown), a water inlet valve 1, a fertilizer feeding valve 2, a drainage gate 3, a light intensity sensor (not shown), a soil humidity sensor (not shown), an alarm 4 and an administrator terminal 6; a field water height sensor for monitoring the field water height; the water inlet valve is controlled by the controller and is used for water inlet irrigation; the fertilizer throwing valve is controlled by the controller and controls the application of liquid fertilizer; a drain gate controlled by the controller and used for draining and discharging the duckweed; the illumination intensity sensor is used for monitoring illumination intensity data; the soil humidity sensor is used for monitoring the soil humidity; the alarm is provided with a 4G or 5G communication module, the existing commercially available communication technology and a sending receiver are used, and the communication module sends alarm information of the controller to the administrator terminal 6; the alarm information comprises duckweed putting time or water inlet or drainage time information. And the administrator terminal comprises a mobile phone and APP software arranged on the mobile phone and is used for receiving alarm information of the alarm and remotely controlling the water inlet valve, the drainage gate and the fertilizer throwing valve.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweed is characterized by comprising the following three steps:
step A, base fertilizer application: applying an amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field;
step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
c, paddy field irrigation: and (3) irrigating or regulating the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to the height H1.
2. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by using duckweed according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises step D of draining, lowering the field water from height H1 to H2 or draining.
3. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by utilizing duckweeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method further comprises the steps of E, field baking management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist.
4. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by utilizing duckweeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relationship between the base fertilizer and the amount of duckweeds put in the method is as follows:
the using amount of the base fertilizer is less than 90kgN/ha, and the adding amount of the duckweed is 20kg fresh weight per mu;
the dosage of the base fertilizer is more than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 120kgN/ha, the feeding amount of the duckweed is 30kg fresh weight per mu,
the base fertilizer dosage is more than 120kgN/ha, and the duckweed adding amount is 40kg fresh weight per mu.
5. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by utilizing duckweed according to claim 3, wherein the steps of the method are as follows in sequence:
step A, base fertilizer application: applying an amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field;
step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
c, paddy field irrigation: irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 5-80 mm;
d, draining, namely draining the water of the field surface at the later stage of tillering according to a conventional rice planting mode;
step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist.
6. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by utilizing duckweed according to claim 3, wherein the steps of the method are as follows in sequence:
c, paddy field irrigation: irrigating or adjusting the water depth of the field surface of the rice field to be H1, wherein the height of H1 is 80-150 mm;
step B, duckweed feeding: then duckweed is put into the field water of the rice field;
step A, base fertilizer application: applying an amino-containing fertilizer to the rice field;
step D, draining:
firstly, reducing the height of the field water from H1 to H2, wherein the height range of H2 is 5-30mm, maintaining the water level of H2, keeping for N days, and draining;
step E, roast field management: in the field baking period of the rice, the soil in the rice field is kept moist, and the relative humidity of the soil is 80-90%.
7. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in a rice field by using duckweed according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step F of recovering the duckweed, and arranging a filter screen at a water discharge outlet of the rice field for recovering the duckweed, wherein the pore size of the filter screen is less than 2 mm.
8. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice fields by utilizing duckweed according to claim 7, wherein the step F of recovering the duckweed further comprises the steps of rapidly irrigating the raised water level of the field, flushing the rice field, and rapidly draining and collecting the collected duckweed.
9. The method for reducing ammonia volatilization in rice field by utilizing duckweed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the step of using duckweed to reduce ammonia volatilization in rice fieldCharacterized in that the duckweed is duckweed (Duckweed: (A)Lemna minor）。
10. A management system for reducing ammonia volatilization of a rice field by utilizing duckweeds is characterized in that the system is controlled by a controller and is electrically connected with a field surface water height sensor, a water inlet valve, a fertilizer feeding valve, a drainage gate, an illumination intensity sensor, a soil humidity sensor, an alarm and an administrator terminal;
a field water height sensor for monitoring the field water height;
the water inlet valve is controlled by the controller and is used for water inlet irrigation;
the fertilizer throwing valve is controlled by the controller and controls the application of liquid fertilizer;
a drain gate controlled by the controller and used for draining and discharging the duckweed;
the illumination intensity sensor is used for monitoring illumination intensity data;
the soil humidity sensor is used for monitoring the soil humidity;
the alarm is provided with a 4G or 5G communication module, and the communication module sends alarm information of the controller to the administrator terminal; the alarm information comprises duckweed putting time or water inlet or drainage time information;
and the administrator terminal comprises a mobile phone and APP software arranged on the mobile phone and is used for receiving alarm information of the alarm and remotely controlling the water inlet valve, the drainage gate and the fertilizer throwing valve.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114711110A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 扬州大学 | Method for controlling pH value of rice field by utilizing duckweed and improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice field |
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