CN103283472A - Method for controlling soil moisture and cultivating developed root systems of black skin sugar canes - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for controlling soil moisture and cultivating developed root systems of black skin sugar canes comprises the following steps: a. preparing and ploughing soil as deep as 40-70cm with a big-power tractor, plouging planting troughs as deep as 30-50cm, b. planting the black skin sugar canes in winter or in early spring, c. controlling the water content of the surface soil, 30-40cm away from the surface, to account for 50%-70% of the maximum water-holding field capacity after the canes enter early tillering stage, and maintaining normal water and fertilizer supply after 15 leaves come out. The method has the advantages that seedling roots come out from 12-17 dense sections of each crane beneath the soil surface, developed root systems form, the capacity of nutrition absorption of the cranes is improved greatly, the cranes grow exuberantly, the yield of per unit area increases by more than 15%, and the anti-falling resistance of the cranes is improved at the same time.

Description

A method for cultivating developed root system of black fruit cane by regulating soil moisture

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, and relates to a method for cultivating well-developed root systems of black fruit cane by regulating and controlling soil moisture.

Background technique

The root is the organ for sugarcane to absorb nutrients and water. The root system is relatively developed and mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-40 cm. After the sugarcane grows 2-3 true leaves, the roots of the underground nodes at the base of the seedlings germinate and grow roots, and until the beginning of tillering, the peak tillering and the elongation of joints, the roots of the sugarcane plant are more than the first stage, and the roots are more than the first stage. The first stage is developed, especially in the jointing stage, "big roots, large leaves, long stems, and large joints" appear. The growth is large, and the absorption intensity of fertilizer and water is high, requiring plants to have a strong absorption root system. If the seedlings are weak and leggy at the seedling stage, the stems of the cane plants will be small, with few root points, and the number of nodes in the soil will be small, and the root system will be underdeveloped.

At present, in production, deep soil plowing, deep loosening and fertilization are used to improve the growth conditions of sugarcane roots and promote the growth of roots. However, due to the small number of underground sugarcane nodes, generally only 6-8 nodes, more than 9-10 nodes, no strong root group has been formed. Therefore, its range and ability to absorb water and fertilizer are limited. Therefore, cultivating a strong root system is an important technical measure to increase yield per unit area.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating soil moisture to cultivate the developed root system of black-skinned fruit cane. After the sugarcane is greatly cultivated, each sugarcane has 12-17 dense nodes to grow seedling roots below the soil surface, thereby forming a well-developed root system. The root system of the plant can greatly improve the function of absorbing nutrients, the sugarcane grows vigorously, the yield per unit area can be increased by more than 15%, and its lodging resistance ability is improved at the same time.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above object: a method for regulating soil moisture to cultivate a well-developed root system of black fruit cane, comprising the following steps:

Use 120-180 power tractors for sugarcane field preparation and deep plowing of 40-70 cm, and planting furrows with a depth of 30-50 cm; plant sugar cane in winter or early spring; after sugarcane enters the early stage of tillering, control the water content in the soil surface within 30-40 cm 50%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, control the soil moisture content before the 15 true leaves of sugarcane, properly restrain the growth of sugarcane internodes, cultivate dense nodes with more sugarcane bases, and obtain a well-developed root system through cultivation management measures, 15 After the true leaves are formed, maintain normal water and fertilizer supply.

Described control soil moisture content divides two kinds of situations before 15 true leaves of sugarcane:

For dryland cultivation:

①Before the sugarcane grows 6 true leaves, the moisture content of the soil should be kept dry but not dry, and the sugarcane leaves can grow normally;

②When the sugarcane has 6-7 true leaves, conduct a water and fertilizer management, and then control the soil moisture to 15 true leaves. The leaves appear wilted and can be opened normally the next morning; if 50% of the sugarcane leaves have wilted leaves and some sugarcane leaves cannot be opened normally the next morning, proper irrigation is required;

For paddy field sugarcane cultivation:

① After the sugarcane seedlings are fully planted to before the 6 true leaves, the soil moisture content is to keep the topsoil dry but not dry, and the sugarcane leaves grow normally, so that the sugarcane root system grows to the depth;

②When the sugarcane has 6-7 true leaves, perform permeable irrigation on the sugarcane field once, and apply a small amount of seedling fertilizer;

③Irrigate the sugarcane field with water and dry the water until the sugarcane has 15 true leaves. Control the soil moisture. During the period, the soil moisture content is to keep the topsoil dry. In the case of sufficient sunlight, 10-30% of the sugarcane leaves will wilt after 13:00. Yan, the next morning can be expanded normally; if 50% of the sugarcane leaves appear wilted and some sugarcane leaves cannot be normally expanded the next morning, proper irrigation is required.

The number of dense nodes at the base of the cultivated sugarcane is 12-17, more than 80% of the internode length is 1.0-2.5cm, and the longest internode length is no more than 4.0cm.

The cultivation management measures refer to large-scale soil cultivation in combination with fertilization, burying all dense sugarcane nodes underground to promote the growth of seedling roots; after large-scale soil cultivation, water and fertilizer management is normally implemented according to production targets.

Outstanding technical effects of the present invention:

By adjusting the soil moisture content before the 15 true leaves of sugarcane and properly controlling the internode length of sugarcane, more dense nodes will be formed at the base of sugarcane when the plant enters the early stage of large growth. Thereby developing a well-developed root system.

The black-skinned fruit cane cultivated has vigorous growth, tall plants and good appearance quality. Compared with the traditional method, under the same management conditions, the yield per unit area can be increased by 15%.

The method of the invention is for fruit cane cultivation, and is also suitable for sugar cane cultivation.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through specific examples.

Example 1

The present embodiment is an example of dry land cultivation.

The method for cultivating the developed root system of black fruit cane by regulating and controlling soil moisture of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1. land preparation

Use 120-180 power tractors to plow the deep pine cane field deeply, and plow 40-70 cm deep to achieve finely crushed soil and flat ground. Planting trenches with a depth of 30-50 cm are opened according to the customary row spacing.

2. to plant

In Guangxi, it is planted from the beginning of October to the beginning of spring in order to prolong the growth period of sugarcane. The application of base fertilizer, the amount of planting, and the way of placing seeds are carried out according to local customs.

3. Lay micro-spray belts and cover with mulch

After covering the soil and covering the seeds, lay a micro-spray belt on the surface of the stem and cover the weeding film. If the soil moisture is lower than 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, use the micro-spray belt for irrigation to make the soil moisture meet the sugarcane germination and growth needs.

4. Moisture management

(1) Before the sugarcane germinates, keep the soil moisture at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field;

(2) When the sugarcane seedlings reach 15 true leaves, keep the soil moisture at 50-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field:

①Before the sugarcane grows 6 true leaves, the moisture content of the soil should be kept dry but not dry, and the sugarcane leaves can grow normally;

②When the sugarcane has 6-7 true leaves, conduct a water and fertilizer management, and then control the soil moisture to 15 true leaves. The leaves appear wilted and can be opened normally the next morning; if 50% of the sugarcane leaves have wilted leaves and some sugarcane leaves cannot be opened normally the next morning, proper irrigation is required;

③After 15 true leaves of sugarcane, start to maintain normal water, fertilizer supply and field management to promote the vigorous growth of sugarcane.

5. Implementation Effect

Example 2

This embodiment is paddy field sugarcane field cultivation.

The method for cultivating the developed root system of black fruit cane by regulating and controlling soil moisture of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1. land preparation

Digging furrows or digging planting holes according to local planting habits.

2. to plant

In Guangxi, it is planted from the beginning of October to the beginning of spring in order to prolong the growth period of sugarcane. The application of base fertilizer, the amount of planting, and the way of placing seeds are carried out according to local customs.

3. Cover with mulch

(1) If the sugarcane is planted with mud, the sugarcane shall be covered with weeding film after planting;

(2) If it is planted in moist soil, if the soil moisture is insufficient, the sugarcane is planted and covered with soil and then covered with weeding film.

4. Moisture management

① After the sugarcane seedlings are fully planted to before the 6 true leaves, the soil moisture content is to keep the topsoil dry but not dry, and the sugarcane leaves grow normally, so that the sugarcane root system grows to the depth;

②When the sugarcane has 6-7 true leaves, perform permeable irrigation on the sugarcane field once, and apply a small amount of seedling fertilizer.

③Irrigate the sugarcane field with water and dry the water until the sugarcane has 15 true leaves. Control the soil moisture. During the period, the soil moisture content is to keep the topsoil dry. In the case of sufficient sunlight, 10-30% of the sugarcane leaves will wilt after 13:00. Yan, the next morning can be opened normally; if 50% of the sugarcane leaves are wilted and some sugarcane leaves cannot be opened normally the next morning, proper irrigation is required;

④ After the sugarcane has 15 true leaves, start to maintain normal water, fertilizer supply and field management to promote the vigorous growth of sugarcane.

5. Implementation Effect

Claims (3)

1. regulate and control the method that soil moisture is cultivated the flourishing root system of casting skin fruit sugarcane for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

Deep ploughing 40-70 centimetre with 120-180 power tractor in sugarcane ground with putting in order, opens 30-50 centimetre of plantation ditch depth; Winter is planted sugarcane or the sugarcane of spring planting early; After sugarcane enters the early tillering stage, water content control is at the 50%-70% of maxmun field capacity in the upper soll layer 30-40cm scope, controlled soil water content in the past at 15 true leaves of sugarcane, suitably suppress sugarcane intercalary growth amount, cultivate the more intensive joint of sugarcane base portion, obtain flourishing root system by the cultivation management measure, after 15 true leaves, keep normal liquid manure supply;

Describedly controlled soil water content in the past in two kinds of situation at 15 true leaves of sugarcane:

For dry-land cultivation:

1. before 6 true leaves of sugarcane production, soil water content is dried and not dry with maintenance table soil, sugarcane leaf normal growth is advisable;

2. during sugarcane 6-7 sheet true leaf, carry out water and fertilizer management one time, control soil moisture to 15 true leaf then, during soil water content keeping table soil dry, under sun-drenched situation 13 have later on that the 10-30% sugarcane leaf occurs that leaf withers, the next morning normal degree of expanding into; If have 50% sugarcane leaf to occur that leaf withers and part sugarcane leaf early can not normally launch then need suitably pour water in second day;

Cultivate for sugarcane ground, paddy field:

1. behind the neat seedling of sugarcane to 6 true leaves, not dry, sugarcane leaf normal growth makes the sugarcane root system grow to the degree of depth to soil water content to keep table soil to do;

2. during sugarcane 6-7 sheet true leaf, sugarcane ground is carried out once permeable irrigation, and execute a small amount of seed manure;

3. the permeable irrigation in sugarcane ground falls behind the solid carbon dioxide to 15 true leaves of sugarcane, control soil moisture, soil water content to be keeping table soil dry during this time, under sun-drenched situation 13 have later on that the 10-30% sugarcane leaf occurs that leaf withers, the next morning normal degree of expanding into; If have 50% sugarcane leaf to occur that leaf withers and part sugarcane leaf early can not normally launch then need suitably pour water in second day.

2. regulation and control soil moisture according to claim 1 is cultivated the method for the flourishing root system of casting skin fruit sugarcane, it is characterized in that, the more intensive number successively of described cultivation sugarcane base portion is 12-17, and at 1.0-2.5cm, length is no more than 4.0cm to length of internode between meropodium more than 80%.

3. according to the described a kind of method that soil moisture is cultivated the flourishing root system of casting skin fruit sugarcane of regulating and control of claim 1, it is characterized in that described cultivation management measure refers to earth up greatly in conjunction with fertilising, all intensive joints of sugarcane are imbedded underground, promote its shoot root growth; Big ridging back water and fertilizer management is normally implemented by productive target.