CN105850674B - A kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system and method - Google Patents

A kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system and method Download PDF

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CN105850674B
CN105850674B CN201610235676.8A CN201610235676A CN105850674B CN 105850674 B CN105850674 B CN 105850674B CN 201610235676 A CN201610235676 A CN 201610235676A CN 105850674 B CN105850674 B CN 105850674B
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rice field
water
oxygenation
rice
controller
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CN105850674A (en
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张文萍
胡文武
肖卫华
姚帮松
曾鹏
黄蔚
陈家立
熊子维
张哲栋
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • A01G25/165Cyclic operations, timing systems, timing valves, impulse operations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • A01G25/167Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rice field oxygenation to fill row's analog control system and method, and system includes simulation rice field device, controller, reservoir, collecting-tank, water level sensor, humidity sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor and aerating pump;Simulate the container for the interior Sheng soil that rice field device is uncovered;Aerating pipeline is equipped in the soil of container;Aerating pipeline is connected with the aerating pump outside container;Aerating pump is controlled by controller;Reservoir is connected by water inlet pipe with simulation rice field device, and water inlet pipe is equipped with the first solenoid valve;Simulation rice field device is connected by drainpipe with collecting-tank, and drainpipe is equipped with second solenoid valve;Water level sensor, humidity sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor are connected with controller.Invention further includes drainage water reuse mechanism, is mainly pooled to collecting-tank by the return water that channel collects rice field, to reach the sustainable use of irrigation water, solves the problems, such as that mountain area water transfer is difficult when arid.System is succinctly efficient, has huge promotion potential.

Description

A kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, it is related to a kind of rice field oxygenation and fills row's analog control system and method.
Background technique
Rice is chronically at waterflooding or the moisture state close to saturation, so that root region soil many places can be led in reducing condition The enrichment of reducing substances is caused, although rice root, which has, secretes phenomena such as oxygen acts on, also will appear black root, to influence rice root System's growth.The improvement that rhizosphere gaseous environment can be achieved is irrigated in aerating, promotes plant growth, improves root activity, increases liquid manure benefit With rate, Crops production and quality is improved, achievees the purpose that efficient high yield, high-quality.Rice normal irrigation leads to root for hypoxgia The indices in portion decline, and become the target of microbial bacterial and pathogenic infection attack, cause pest and disease damage, and root system liquid manure utilizes Rate decline, causes Crops production and quality to decline.And Liu is been significantly enhanced in the photosynthetic rate of different bearing stage blade Outstanding person etc. has studied influence of the root zone aerating to peach in hothouse morphological index " yield " quality, the results showed that root zone aerating processing Heliogreenhouse small watermelon morphological index " yield " quality under the condition of drip irrigation of underground is produced and is significantly affected, aerating frequency uses 1 time/2d processing is handled better than other aeratings.In the prior art, it arranges and increases with the filling of Study On Rice without special simulator Influence of the oxygen to paddy growth.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of rice field oxygenation to fill row's analog control system and method, the rice Field oxygenation fills row's analog control system and uses focus control mode, compact-sized, easy to implement, and has good water-saving effect Fruit.
The technical solution of invention is as follows:
A kind of rice field oxygenation filling row's analog control system, including simulation rice field device, controller, reservoir, collecting-tank, water Level sensor, humidity sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor and aerating pump;
Simulate the container for the interior Sheng soil that rice field device is uncovered;Aerating pipeline is equipped in the soil of container;Aerating pipeline It is connected with the aerating pump outside container;Aerating pump is controlled by controller;
Reservoir is connected by water inlet pipe with simulation rice field device, and water inlet pipe is equipped with the first electromagnetism for being controlled by controller Valve;
Simulation rice field device is connected by drainpipe with collecting-tank, and drainpipe is equipped with the second electromagnetism for being controlled by controller Valve;
Water level sensor, humidity sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor are connected with controller.
Controller is single-chip microcontroller, DSP or arm processor.
Controller is placed in intelligent control box.
Remote communication module is equipped in intelligent control box.
Reservoir is connected by water supplying pipe with collecting-tank, and water supplying pipe is equipped with the water pump for being controlled by controller;In reservoir Equipped with ball-cock assembly.
A kind of rice field oxygenation filling row's analog control method fills row's analog control system simulation using rice field oxygenation above-mentioned Rice field oxygenation fills row.
During the tiller of rice, oxygenation 2-5 is pumped by aerating between morning 7-9 point and between the 4-6 point in afternoon Minute.It is preferred that 7 points of the morning, 5 thirty in afternoon.
The oxygenation time is 3 minutes.
At the period of seedling establishment of rice, tillering stage, grouting heading stage, using rice field water depth as control foundation, water depth Lower than 1CM, irrigation water, until water depth is 3CM, water depth is higher than 3CM and then drains;
Period of seedling establishment refers to after rice transplanting that tillering stage refers to after tiller 25-30 days 15-25 days;Jointing-booting stage refers to jointing The 18-25 days afterwards;Grouting heading stage refers to after grouting the 15-30 days;Stage of yellow ripeness fingering enters after yellow maturity 10-15 days.It is in the milk heading stage After enter the stage of yellow ripeness, the stage continue 10-15 days.
Period of seedling establishment and grouting heading stage in rice, 7 points of the morning and the 5:30 in afternoon be passed through gas 2-5 minutes, preferably 3 Minute.
The present invention passes through level sensor using the bound of rice field water depth and field moisture content as automatic irrigation standard Device stylus obtains field water level or field moisture content, and by it compared with the optimum value of setting, obtained difference is as controller Input variable, establishes control system, and driving, the unlatching of control electric valve realize the automatic row of filling, at the same time, utilize rice field table Face one day variation tendency of soil water dissolved oxygen content controls oxygenation irrigation time, reaches timely and appropriate discovery efficient water-saving irrigation purpose. The oxygenation irrigates row's control system and mainly the water level sensor monitored automatically is used to regulate and control water level to reach shallow wet It irrigates, develops high-efficiency agriculture purpose, using Clear Days Summer rice field surface soil water one day variation tendency of dissolved oxygen content, control increases Oxygen irrigation time;Control system takes the versatility of control signal in design, not only can control motor, but also can control electromagnetism Valve.
The utility model has the advantages that
There are following advantages by the present invention:
The present invention is filled using electromagnetism valve regulation and is arranged according to the water requirement and soil moisture content in rice field of different paddy growth periods Water.Water level, humidity sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor monitoring rice field water layer, rice field topsoil water dissolved oxygen is first passed through to contain The variation of amount, rice root layer soil moisture content is fed back to obtain the profit and loss aqueous condition and oxygenation irrigation time of paddy growth To central processing unit, and preprocessor adjusts the irrigation in rice field according to the water requirement of rice different growing stage and irrigation technique Water, to reach the optimization of irrigation.For example, then being arranged by adjusting the solenoid valve of raised path through fields outlet pipe when rice field water layer is excessively high Water, adjusting water level in paddy field to the state for being suitable for paddy growth;When paddy soil water content is too low, then opens solenoid valve and filled It irrigates, and determines daily oxygenation irrigation time.Invention further includes drainage water reuse, and the recurrence in rice field is mainly collected by channel Water is pooled to collecting-tank, to reach the sustainable use of irrigation water, solves the problems, such as that mountain area water transfer is difficult when arid.System is succinctly high Effect has huge promotion potential.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure block diagram that rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system;
Fig. 2 is rice field topsoil water dissolved oxygen content variable quantity tendency chart;
Fig. 3 is the automatic control main program block diagram of water-saving irrigation.
Label declaration: 1, water pump;2, aerating pumps;3, ball-cock assembly;4, aerating pipeline;5, dissolved oxygen sensor;6, temperature passes Sensor;7, filter screen;8, water level sensor;9, the first solenoid valve;10, second solenoid valve.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, invention herein is done below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment more complete Face meticulously describes, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to specific embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood meaning phase with those skilled in the art Together.Technical term used herein is intended merely to the purpose of description specific embodiment, and it is of the invention to be not intended to limitation Protection scope.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system, including simulation rice field device, controller, reservoir, Collecting-tank, water level sensor 8, humidity sensor 6, dissolved oxygen sensor 5 and aerating pump 2;
Simulate the container for the interior Sheng soil that rice field device is uncovered;Aerating pipeline 4 is equipped in the soil of container;Aerating pipeline It is connected with the aerating pump outside container;Aerating pump is controlled by controller;
Reservoir is connected by water inlet pipe with simulation rice field device, and water inlet pipe is equipped with the first electromagnetism for being controlled by controller Valve 9;
Simulation rice field device is connected by drainpipe with collecting-tank, and drainpipe is equipped with the second electromagnetism for being controlled by controller Valve 10;
Water level sensor, humidity sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor are connected with controller.
Controller is single-chip microcontroller, DSP or arm processor.
Controller is placed in intelligent control box.
Remote communication module is equipped in intelligent control box.
Reservoir is connected by water supplying pipe with collecting-tank, and water supplying pipe is equipped with the water pump 1 for being controlled by controller;In reservoir Equipped with ball-cock assembly 3;Filter screen 7 is equipped at water pipe and simulation rice field device connection.
A kind of rice field oxygenation filling row's analog control method, fills row's analog control system using rice field oxygenation above-mentioned and simulates rice Field oxygenation fills row.
During the tiller of rice, oxygenation 2-5 is pumped by aerating between morning 7-9 point and between the 4-6 point in afternoon Minute.It is preferred that 7 points of the morning, 5 thirty in afternoon.
The oxygenation time is 3 minutes.
At the period of seedling establishment of rice, tillering stage, grouting heading stage, using rice field water depth as control foundation, water depth Lower than 1CM, irrigation water, until water depth is 3CM, water depth is higher than 3CM and then drains;
Period of seedling establishment refers to after rice transplanting that tillering stage refers to after tiller 25-30 days 15-25 days;Jointing-booting stage refers to jointing The 18-25 days afterwards;Grouting heading stage refers to after grouting the 15-30 days;Stage of yellow ripeness fingering enters after yellow maturity 10-15 days.It is in the milk heading stage After enter the stage of yellow ripeness, the stage continue 10-15 days.
Period of seedling establishment and grouting heading stage in rice, 7 points of the morning and the 5:30 in afternoon be passed through gas 2-5 minutes, preferably 3 Minute.
This system selects central control mode, including intelligent control box, single-chip microcontroller, reservoir, collecting-tank, water level, humidity Sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor and its attachment.Reservoir is for simulating mountain area pool reservoir filling for irrigating;Simulate rice field Humidity is equipped in pond, height of water level and dissolved oxygen sensor acquire rice field information, and regulation fills row and oxygenation;Collecting-tank, for receiving Collect extra rainwater and irrigation water, in case the need of dry season water shortage;Long-distance intelligent control case, by display screen and the big portion of single-chip microcontroller two It is grouped as, peripheral hardware small signal tower is to communicate and transmit data.Height of water level, soil moisture, dissolution are shown on display screen The parameters such as growth period locating for oxygen amount and rice.
For many years, agricultural experts have been devoted to the research of rice water-saving irrigation technique, have also promoted various water-saving irrigation Mode, what this system was taken is single cropping rice " shallow, wet, dry " Water Saving Irrigation Mode." shallow " refers to that irrigating the water layer upper limit is 30mm; " wet " refers to that water layer is zero, soil moisture content 100%;" dry " refers to the lower limit value that each breeding time soil moisture content requires, and can pass through instrument Device test, or judge according to empirical values such as the corresponding interstices of soil width of different lower limit values, footprint depth.Typically less than soil contains Water lower limit value is not irrigated.When pour water according to depending on soil moisture content, arrived lower limit value and just filled, less than just etc..In addition to a large amount of Precipitation is more than that the defined storage rain upper limit and salt-soda soil row's alkali requirement are outer, is not drained generally.The technology can save 30.5% or so Water resource improves about 9% rice yield.After " control is irrigated " refers to the transplanting of rice seedling Honda, field face keeps 5~25mm thin water layer It turns green live seedling, in later each growing stage of turning green, irrigation water layer is not established in field face, using root layer soil moisture content as control Index, certain water layer can be kept by meeting rain, as shown in table 1.
1 Rice Growing stage of table rice field waterlayer control standard
Period of seedling establishment refers to after transplanting that tillering stage refers to after tiller 25-30 days 15-25 days;Jointing-booting stage refers to after jointing 18-25 days;Grouting heading stage refers to grouting the 15-30 days;The stage of yellow ripeness refers to yellow maturity the 10-15 days.
Period of seedling establishment, tillering stage, grouting heading stage water layer are field water depth, are controlled in 1-3Cm;The yellow maturity end of term no longer fills Water falls water consumpation naturally dry;Listed water content refers both to volume content in table, is that soil moisture content is flat in root layer Observational depth Mean value,
Jointing-booting stage and the stage of yellow ripeness refer to each stage saturation moisture content;Bound of pouring water water content is by saturation moisture content and respectively Control percentage (70%-100%) multiplication of growing stage setting obtains.
As can be known from Table 1, the irrigation of rice can control rice field water depth, and the control of different breeding times requires not Together.Rice irrigation controls irrigation volume by adjusting irrigation level from reservoir gravity irrigation, field irrigation amount number by water Rice grows water requirement to adjust.
Period of seedling establishment, tillering stage, grouting heading stage: water level in paddy field is acquired using water level sensor, and by they and setting value Compare, be greater than the set value 3CM and then drain, then irrigated close to setting value lower limit 1CM, adjusting water level is selected to (1CM-3CM) Input variable not only reflects soil regime, also reflects the upgrowth situation of field weather, crop.According to the water level in rice field, control Electromagnetic valve processed is intake, is drained.
Jointing-booting stage, the stage of yellow ripeness.Paddy soil water content is acquired using humidity sensor, and by they and setting value ratio Compared with being greater than the set value 70% and drain, close to the then spray irrigation of setting value lower limit 70%, according to paddy soil water content, control Electromagnetic valve water inlet, draining.
To carry out system control, this project group membership carries out pot rice on July 13rd, 2015 by taking tillering stage as an example Rice field topsoil water dissolves determination of oxygen content, and result is as follows:
Tillering stage rice field topsoil water dissolves determination of oxygen content value (mg/L)
This test adds 2-53 minutes gas with oxygenation respectively at 8 a.m. and at 5 points in afternoon in rice plant of tillering stage with aerating pump.Root According to rice field topsoil water dissolved oxygen content variation tendency, there is maximum value 10.03mg/L in the morning 10: 50 in CK group, and oxygenation There is maximum value 6.81mg/L 12: 40 in group, and this test adds 3 minutes gas with aerating pump respectively at 8 a.m. and at 5 points in afternoon With oxygenation, there is decreasing value 5.21mg/L and 4.72mg/L respectively in topsoil water dissolved oxygen content after finding oxygenation, and explanation can It uses topsoil water dissolved oxygen content minimum occur as the oxygenation time, close to the numerical value, then oxygen is added 2-5103 minutes.
Conclusion: period of seedling establishment, tillering stage, grouting heading stage: then using rice field water depth as calculation basis, it is less than 1CM, is filled Water is irrigate, until 3CM, is then drained more than 3CM, meanwhile, it is passed through gas 2-5 minutes in and the 5:30 in afternoon at 7 points of the morning respectively.
Jointing-booting stage, the stage of yellow ripeness: then using saturation moisture content as calculation basis, less than 70%, irrigation water, until 100%, saturation moisture content=78% does not need to ventilate
The yellow maturity end of term no longer pours water, and falls water consumpation naturally dry.
The flow chart that rice water-saving is irrigated drains as shown in figure 3, when field water layer is higher than maximum permissible value;Work as field When water layer is lower than minimum allowable value, irrigated.
1) sensor has high-precision and high accuracy, and performance is stablized, and can really reflect sensor proximity rice field water Divide, rice field topsoil water dissolved oxygen content situation.
2) system can prevent heavy irrigation, also improve irrigation efficiency, save water resource.The system is according to condenser type Water level sensor measures water level in paddy field numerical value, carries out automatic irrigation, and manpower and maintenance cost is greatly saved in Maintenance free.Root Irrigated according to rice different growing stage water requirement, substantially increase irrigation efficiency, it is therefore prevented that it is previous according to timer into The consumption of water and electricity is greatly saved in the waste of water resource caused by row is irrigated.The system is only just filled when crop needs to irrigate It irrigates, ability oxygenation when needing oxygenation, it can be automatic to adapt to be irrigated under any climatic environment according to the upper and lower bound of setting.
Monitor can check irrigation activity on computers, and carry out irrigation setting, make irrigation simpler, flexible.
Characteristic of the invention:
1) it is put forward for the first time and determines the oxygenation time using the rice field true variation tendency of topsoil water dissolved oxygen content;
2) it is pumped using aerating to soil aerating, does not utilize dropper system oxygenation, by being laid not in different soil Same gas-adding pipe, and stomata is arranged with plum blossom-shaped, this is more conducive to soil lower layer each point and is uniformly bullied;
3) ball-cock assembly is equipped in reservoir, when water storage is too low in reservoir or period of drought, can from collecting-tank extracting part Divide water mixing to irrigate, realizes the efficient utilization of water;
4) potted plant experiment proves good application effect of the invention, oxygenation irrigate to rice different bearing stage chlorophyll, can The mass fraction of soluble proteins and soluble sugar has different degrees of increase, and Photosynthetic Rate is been significantly enhanced, oxygenation It irrigates and especially acts on rice plant of tillering stage significant, tiller number, plant height, root activity, well developed root system degree, biomass accumulation and light It closes characteristic index and is all substantially better than normal irrigation control treatment, the enhancing of Rice Growing later period root function, blade superoxides discrimination Change enzymatic activity to improve, it is final to promote kernel grouting solid.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control system, which is characterized in that including simulation rice field device, controller, reservoir, Collecting-tank, water level sensor, humidity sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor and aerating pump;
Simulate the container for the interior Sheng soil that rice field device is uncovered;Aerating pipeline is equipped in the soil of container;Aerating pipeline and appearance Aerating pump outside device is connected;Aerating pump is controlled by controller;
Reservoir is connected by water inlet pipe with simulation rice field device, and water inlet pipe is equipped with the first solenoid valve for being controlled by controller;
Simulation rice field device is connected by drainpipe with collecting-tank, and drainpipe is equipped with the second solenoid valve for being controlled by controller;
Water level sensor, humidity sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor are connected with controller;
Reservoir is connected by water supplying pipe with collecting-tank, and water supplying pipe is equipped with the water pump for being controlled by controller;It is equipped in reservoir Ball-cock assembly.
2. rice field oxygenation according to claim 1 fills row's analog control system, which is characterized in that controller be single-chip microcontroller, DSP or arm processor.
3. rice field oxygenation according to claim 1 fills row's analog control system, which is characterized in that controller is placed in intelligent control In case processed.
4. rice field oxygenation according to claim 3 fills row's analog control system, which is characterized in that be equipped in intelligent control box Remote communication module.
5. a kind of rice field oxygenation fills row's analog control method, which is characterized in that use the described in any item rice fields claim 1-4 Oxygenation fills row's analog control system simulation rice field oxygenation and fills row.
6. rice field oxygenation according to claim 5 fills row's analog control method, which is characterized in that in the tillering stage of rice Between, it is pumped oxygenation 2-5 minutes between morning 7-9 point and between the 4-6 point in afternoon by aerating.
7. rice field oxygenation according to claim 6 fills row's analog control method, which is characterized in that the oxygenation time is 3 minutes.
8. rice field oxygenation according to claim 5 fills row's analog control method, which is characterized in that rice period of seedling establishment, Tillering stage, grouting heading stage, using rice field water depth as control foundation, water depth is lower than 1CM, irrigation water, until water layer Depth is 3CM, and water depth is higher than 3CM and then drains;
Period of seedling establishment refers to after rice transplanting that tillering stage refers to after tiller 25-30 days 15-25 days;Jointing-booting stage refers to after jointing 18-25 days;Grouting heading stage refers to after grouting the 15-30 days;Stage of yellow ripeness fingering enters after yellow maturity 10-15 days.
9. filling row's analog control method according to the described in any item rice field oxygenation of claim 6-8, which is characterized in that in rice Period of seedling establishment and grouting heading stage, 7 points of the morning and the 5:30 in afternoon are passed through gas 2-5 minutes.
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