CN110771453A

CN110771453A - Method for promoting early differentiation of strawberry seedling flower buds in simplified manner

Info

Publication number: CN110771453A
Application number: CN201911216863.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 万春雁; 糜林; 霍恒志; 陈雪平; 李金凤; 狄华涛; 陈丙义
Original assignee: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Current assignee: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Priority date: 2019-12-02
Filing date: 2019-12-02
Publication date: 2020-02-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for simply promoting early differentiation of strawberry seedlings flower buds, which changes trench type seedling cultivation into stand type seedling cultivation, can realize the aims of early differentiation, early planting and early harvesting of strawberry seedlings flower buds, enables strawberries to come into the market in 11 ten days of the month, is about 40 days earlier than the conventional seedling cultivation, and has no obvious difference in yield and quality of strawberries of different batches compared with the conventional seedling cultivation mode. The strawberry seedlings bred by the method are strong, the flower buds are early and regular in differentiation, the quality and the yield of the fruits are equivalent to those of the conventional ground seedling culture mode, but the early fruit yield is high, and the net increase benefit per mu is 12500-15000 yuan.

Description

Method for promoting early differentiation of strawberry seedling flower buds in simplified manner

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry cultivation management, and particularly relates to a method for lightly simplifying and promoting early differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings.

Background

At present, facility strawberries in China are mainly planted by conventional open field bare-rooted seedlings, strawberry fruits begin to appear on the market in the late 12 th month, the early-stage fruit yield before the bottom of 12 months accounts for about 5% of the annual yield, the selling price is about 2 times (40 yuan/jin) of the annual price, the occupancy rate of the early-stage fruit yield in the late 12 th month is less than 0.5% of the annual yield, the selling price is about 3 times (60 yuan/jin) of the annual price, and the supply is insufficient, the planting benefit of greenhouse strawberries before the year is low under the existing seedling culture technical conditions, and the planting benefit of the year is further influenced.

At present, the seedling culture method for promoting early differentiation of strawberry flower buds at home and abroad mainly comprises the following 4 methods: 1) high-altitude cold land seedling (alpine seedling): promoting flower bud differentiation by using the condition that the air temperature in a high-altitude area is lower than that in the flat ground; 2) shading treatment: a method for shading light by using a shading net, inhibiting the temperature rise of seedling bodies in the daytime and promoting flower bud differentiation; 3) and (3) low-temperature dark treatment: continuously applying continuous low-temperature dark conditions for about 2 weeks in a cold storage with a set temperature of about 15 ℃ to promote flower bud differentiation; 4) night cold short-day treatment: a method for carrying out low-temperature treatment on strawberry seedlings at night by using a small-sized cold storage warehouse promotes flower bud differentiation.

In the above 4 methods, except for high mountain seedling raising, a large amount of labor and investment cost are required, energy and labor are consumed, and large-scale seedling treatment is difficult. The high mountain seedling raising is greatly limited by regions, and the seedlings raised by the method are easy to have powdery mildew in a large range in planting in our province and are not suitable for adoption.

In 2012, on the basis of summarizing the seedling culture experience of many years, the invention creates a special strawberry plug substrate rain-sheltering seedling culture facility (patent right No. ZL201220068628.1), and artificial water and fertilizer control can be realized under the condition of the facility, so that the cultured strawberry seedlings are robust and disease-free, the flower buds are differentiated early, and the early income is high. But the water management is complicated, especially in high-temperature seasons in summer, the water supply is carried out for 2-3 times every day, otherwise, strawberry seedlings are easy to dry and cause wilting and even death. In 2015, the invention creates a ground groove type strawberry safe seedling raising method capable of regulating water level (patent application No. ZL201510424623.6), which has the advantage of low construction cost but has the defect of labor saving in practical application.

The method is more labor-saving and labor-saving, and the method for realizing early differentiation of the flower buds of the strawberry seedlings is simplified.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for lightly simplifying and promoting early differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings, which is further improved on the basis of the technology, and groove-type strawberry seedling culture is changed into stand seedling culture, so that the method is more time-saving and labor-saving, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a simplified method for promoting early differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

(1) building a horizontal seedling culture stand: building a horizontal seedling culture stand 1.3m away from the ground in the rain shelter;

(2) building a seedling culture groove: laying a screen which is 0.15m wider and 0.15m longer than the seedling stand on the seedling stand, and uniformly folding the part which is more than the seedling stand upwards to form a seedling groove with the height of 0.075 m;

(3) laying a gardening ground fabric: covering the whole seedling raising tank with black gardening ground fabric in the seedling raising tank, and reserving edges around the seedling raising tank; then covering the black gardening ground cloth with a polyethylene dripping anti-aging shed film to ensure no damage and reserving edges around; then laying black gardening ground fabric to cover the whole seedling culture groove, and reserving edges around; then, the water is drained by a water dragging pipe to 5cm of height, and the local leveling is carried out;

(4) laying a root controller sheet: laying root control device pieces in the seedling culture groove with water, wherein the convex surfaces are upward, so as to prevent the mulching film from being scratched;

(5) placing a seedling culture hole tray: placing the plug tray filled with the matrix on a root control device, and longitudinally and sequentially placing flowerpots transplanted with mother seedlings in single row at the central part of the plug tray in the middle of 4 months;

(6) supply of moisture: the two ends of the seedling raising tank are respectively and uniformly provided with 10 water supply pipelines, the two ends are supplied with water simultaneously, the seedling raising tank is closed immediately after the water level exceeds 5cm, redundant water is discharged from the periphery of the stand after the matrix seeps water from the bottom of the seedling raising tank for 30 minutes, the edge of a screen of the seedling raising tank is slightly pulled outwards to form a slope during water discharge, and the water is recovered after the water discharge; the moisture content of the matrix in the seedling stage is controlled within the range of 20% +/-3%.

Preferably, the seedling stand is constructed by galvanized screen iron wires and cement columns, the length of the seedling stand is determined according to the length of the shed, the width of the seedling stand is 1.35m, and the walkways between stands are 50 cm-60 cm, so that the seedling stand is convenient to operate and walk.

Preferably, the root control device sheet is made of PVC, and the specification of the root control device sheet is as follows: length × width × height ═ 125cm × 40cm × 1.7 cm.

Preferably, the plug is 15 holes, and the specification is 52cm × 25cm × 6 cm. Further, the method also comprises the following steps of seedling-stage fertilizer and seedling management: slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage, the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is uniformly stirred in the matrix once when the hole tray is filled in the early 4 months, and P, K fertilizer and trace elements are supplied through a drip tape; cutting the young seedling with fibrous root and mother seedling at the beginning of 6 months, and planting in each hole. And (5) stopping fertilizer supply at the beginning of 8 months. Starting in the middle ten days of 8 months, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the inverted trilobate petiole of the seedling is kept between 564mg/L and 724mg/L, and the content is in a trend of high before low after low and gradual decline.

The seedlings are planted at the end of 8 months, and narrow-bed high-ridge double-row planting is adopted, wherein the plant and row spacing is 20 cm; laying a black mulching film in the last 10 months, covering a plastic film in the greenhouse in the last 11 months, additionally arranging a heat preservation facility in the greenhouse after 12 months, and performing unified conventional management.

The invention has the following advantages:

in the invention, the seedling is cultured in the rack surface groove for the first time, so that the aim of early curing of strawberry seedlings is fulfilled in a simplified way, and the method has important significance in strawberry production, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) compared with the traditional precocity seedling raising mode (low temperature, short sunlight and the like), the precocity degree is equivalent, the labor and the force are saved, and the investment cost is low; (2) compared with the traditional ground rain sheltering seedling raising mode, the mode has remarkable early maturing benefit, creates a new shortcut for increasing income of berry farmers, and is beneficial to industrial operation. (3) Compared with a facility special for strawberry matrix rain sheltering seedling culture, the moisture management mode under the seedling culture mode is convenient, uniform in moisture, less in water consumption times, labor-saving and labor-saving, and greatly improves the working efficiency. (4) Compared with a ground groove type safe seedling raising mode, the seedling management mode in the seedling raising mode does not need to bend over and hump back, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. (5) In the later stage of seedling culture, the nitrate nitrogen level in the strawberry bodies is regulated and controlled by timely controlling the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrate content of the inverted trilobate petioles of the seedlings is rapidly detected, and fertilizer and water regulation and control are scientifically developed.

The method can realize the aims of early differentiation, early planting and early harvesting of strawberry seedlings, the strawberries are on the market in 11 th ten days earlier than the conventional seedling culture by about 40 days, and compared with the conventional seedling culture mode, the yield and the quality of the strawberries in different batches have no obvious difference. The strawberry seedlings bred by the technology are strong, the flower buds are early and regular in differentiation, the quality and the yield of the fruits are equivalent to those of the traditional ground seedling culture mode, but the early fruit yield is high, and the net increase benefit per mu is 12500-15000 yuan.

In addition, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved by 200% compared with the shelf type seedling raising technology before improvement, the labor-saving degree is improved by 200% compared with the trench type seedling raising technology before improvement, the method is suitable for the standardized production of the production line, and the method is beneficial to the specialized and industrialized development of the strawberry seedling raising industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an upper perspective view of a horizontal stand for holding seedlings;

FIG. 2 is a lower perspective view of a horizontal stand for holding seedlings;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a pre-fix seedling of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a picture of strawberry colonization in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Examples

1. A rain sheltering seedling raising greenhouse is built and comprises a steel greenhouse frame structure and a plastic film greenhouse frame outer covering structure. The steel canopy frame structure comprises a plurality of bridge-shaped arch rods which are longitudinally arranged, longitudinal rods which are longitudinally connected with all the arch rods, gable trusses which are positioned at the north and south ends of the special facility and provided with door frames, and doors which are matched with the gable trusses and provided with the door frames. The outer covering structure of plastic film shed frame is designed with transparent plastic top film covering the arch bar and the longitudinal bar connected to the arch bar, transparent plastic wall film covering the outer side of the mountain wall truss except the door frame, transparent plastic skirt film covering the outer side of the arch bar near the ground, and outer covering layer fastening device comprising pressing rope with two ends fixed to the ground, pressing the top film and the skirt film and ground piles matched with the pressing rope.

2. The construction of the seedling raising groove builds a horizontal seedling raising stand 1.3m away from the ground in the rain shelter, and the stand is built by a galvanized screen iron wire and a cement column. The length of the stand is determined by the length of the shed, the width of the stand is 1.35m, and the walkways between stands are 50-60 cm, so that the operation and the walking are convenient. A screen mesh with the width of 1.5m (0.15 m wider than the stand) and the length of 0.15m longer than the stand is laid on the stand, and the part which is more than the stand is uniformly folded upwards to form a seedling culture groove with the height of 0.075 m.

Covering the whole seedling raising tank with black gardening ground fabric in the seedling raising tank, and reserving edges around the seedling raising tank; then, covering the black mulching film with a polyethylene dripping anti-aging shed film to ensure that the mulching film is not damaged and edges are reserved around the mulching film; then, a black gardening ground fabric is paved to cover the whole seedling culture groove, and edges are reserved on the periphery. The water pipe is dragged to drain water to 5cm height, and the local leveling is carried out. A PVC root control device sheet (the specification is that the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by the height is 125cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 1.7cm), the convex surface (the reverse surface) is upward, and the mulching film is prevented from being scratched. And (3) placing the plug tray filled with the matrix on a root control device, wherein the plug tray is 15 holes and has the specification of length, width and height which are 52cm, 25cm and 6cm, and flowerpots transplanted with the mother seedlings are longitudinally and sequentially placed in a single row at the central part of the plug tray in the middle ten (4) months.

3. The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the seedling management in the seedling stage, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is uniformly stirred in the matrix once when the plug tray is filled in the early 4 months, and P, K fertilizer and trace elements are supplied through a drip tape. Cutting the young seedling with fibrous root and mother seedling at the beginning of 6 months, and planting in each hole. And (5) stopping fertilizer supply at the beginning of 8 months. Starting in the middle ten days of 8 months, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the inverted trilobate petiole of the seedling is kept between 564mg/L and 724mg/L, and the content is in a trend of high before low after low and gradual decline.

4. The two ends of the seedling stage water management seedling raising groove are respectively and uniformly provided with 10 water supply pipelines, the two ends are supplied with water simultaneously, the seedling raising groove is closed immediately after the water level exceeds 5cm, redundant water is discharged from the periphery of the stand after the matrix seeps water from the bottom of the seedling raising groove for 30 minutes, the edge of the screen of the seedling raising groove is slightly pulled outwards to form a slope during water discharging, and the seedling raising groove is restored after water discharging. And the water content of the matrix is kept within the range of 20% +/-3% in the strawberry seedling raising period.

5. And (4) planting the seedlings and managing the seedlings to be planted at the end of 8 months, and planting the seedlings in two rows with narrow ridges and high ridges, wherein the plant and row spacing is 20 cm. Laying a black mulching film in the last ten days of 10 months, covering a plastic film on the greenhouse in the last ten days of 11 months, additionally arranging heat preservation facilities such as a middle-canopy small arched shed and the like in the greenhouse after 12 months, and carrying out unified conventional management.

The implementation effect is as follows:

1. comparison of different moisture management methods

And (3) treatment: the water content of the seedling-stage matrix is controlled to be 20% +/-3% (treatment A), the water content of the seedling-stage matrix is controlled to be 30% +/-3% (treatment B), the water content of the seedling-stage matrix is controlled to be 10% +/-3% (treatment C), and the rest management is the same.

The effect of different water treatments on nitrate content (see table 1) and flower bud differentiation (see table 2) in strawberry plants was investigated.

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the nitrate content (mg/L) of strawberry petioles

Different treatment	8 month and 7 days	8 month and 14 days	8 month and 21 days	8 month and 28 days
					Treatment A	786	724	643	564
Treatment B	1420	1590	1550	1575
					Treatment C	546	214	120	65

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on strawberry flower bud differentiation rate and early ripening fruits

Different treatment	Flower bud differentiation Rate (%)	Initial ripening stage of fruit	11 yield of fruit before the end of the month (g)
				Treatment A	90	11-7	100
Treatment B	15	12-25	0
				Treatment C	50	12-03	0

As can be seen from Table 1, the nitrate content of treatment A gradually decreased from 786mg/L at 8 months and 7 days to 564mg/L, while the petiole nitrate content of treatment B was substantially between 1420mg/L and 1590mg/L, which is 1.81-2.82 times higher than that of treatment A, while the petiole nitrate content of treatment C was lower and in a continuously decreasing trend, which was only 65mg/L at the lowest. In Table 2, the flower bud differentiation rate of the treatment A is higher and reaches 90%, the initial maturity of the fruit is earlier, the yield of the fruit is highest in the early stage before the bottom of 11 months, and no fruit is found in the other two treatments before the bottom of 11 months. The comprehensive results show that the moisture content of the substrate in the seedling stage is preferably controlled to be 20% +/-3%, and the content of petiole nitrate is preferably 564-786 mg/L.

2. Different treatments were compared

The different processes include: the results of comparison between the method (treatment 1) and the uncontrolled fertilizer (continuous nitrogen fertilizer supply, treatment 2) in 8 months and the 'land-groove type strawberry safe seedling culture method with adjustable water level' (patent right No. ZL201510424623.6, treatment 3) are shown in the table 3, and the results show that the nitrate content of the leaf stalk of the inverted three leaves is 564-786 mg/L, is lower than that of the treatment 2 and the treatment 3, and is in a descending trend along with the prolongation of the planting time. Treatment 2 was on a continuous rising trend up to 1575 mg/L. The nitrate content of the treated product 3 is relatively stable and is 831-877 mg/L.

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on strawberry petiole nitrate content (mg/L)

Different treatment	8 month and 7 days	8 month and 14 days	8 month and 21 days	8 month and 28 days
					Process 1	786	724	643	564
Treatment 2	890	1290	1450	1575
					Treatment 3	877	846	840	831

The results of the effect of different treatments on the flower bud differentiation rate and early ripening fruits of strawberries are shown in table 4. As is clear from table 4, the method of the present invention (treatment 1) is advantageous for the flower bud differentiation of strawberries as compared with treatments 2 and 3, and also significantly improves the uniformity of flower bud differentiation of seedlings and yields good precocity.

TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on strawberry flower bud differentiation rate and early ripening fruits

Different treatment	Flower bud differentiation Rate (%)	Initial ripening stage of fruit	11 yield of fruit before the end of the month (g)
				Process 1	90	11 month and 7 days	100
Treatment 2	15	12 month and 21 days	0
				Treatment 3	75	11 month and 15 days	62

Compared with the conventional seedling culture method, the method of the invention has the advantages that the seedling culture is about 40 days earlier, and the net increase benefit per mu of the fruit grower is 12500-15000 yuan due to the higher price of strawberries appearing on the market in advance.

Compared with the ground groove type strawberry safe seedling raising method capable of regulating the water level (patent No. ZL201510424623.6), the method is more time-saving and labor-saving, convenient to operate, greatly higher in daily management efficiency, less in labor consumption and capable of saving labor cost.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A simplified method for promoting early differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(6) supply of moisture: the two ends of the seedling raising tank are respectively and uniformly provided with 10 water supply pipelines, the two ends of the seedling raising tank are supplied with water simultaneously, the seedling raising tank is closed immediately after the water level exceeds 5cm, redundant water is discharged from the periphery of the stand after the matrix seeps water from the bottom of the seedling raising tank for 30 minutes, the edge of the screen of the seedling raising tank is slightly pulled outwards to form a slope during water discharge, and the seedling raising tank is recovered after water discharge.

2. The simple and easy method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling cultivation stand is constructed by galvanized screen iron wires and cement columns, the length of the seedling cultivation stand depends on the length of the shed, the width of the seedling cultivation stand is 1.35m, and a walkway between stands is 50 cm-60 cm, so that the seedling cultivation stand is convenient to operate and walk.

3. The simplified method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the root control sheet is made of PVC.

4. The method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the root control sheet is in the specification of: length × width × height ═ 125cm × 40cm × 1.7 cm.

5. The simplified method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the aperture disk is 15 holes with a length x width x height of 52cm x 25cm x 6 cm.

6. The simplified method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the seedling-stage matrix is controlled within 20% ± 3%.

7. The method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, further comprising seedling fertilizer and seedling management: slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage, the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is uniformly stirred in the matrix once when the hole tray is filled in the early 4 months, and P, K fertilizer and trace elements are supplied through a drip tape; cutting off the seedlings with fibrous roots and the mother seedlings uniformly at the beginning of 6 months, planting the seedlings in each hole plate hole, stopping fertilizer supply at the beginning of 8 months, and keeping the petiole nitrate nitrogen content of the inverted trefoil of the seedlings between 564mg/L and 724mg/L from the middle ten days of 8 months.

8. The simplified method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the young strawberry seedlings are planted at the end of 8 months, and are planted in two rows with narrow ridges and high ridges, and the plant distance and the row distance are both 20 cm; laying a black mulching film in the last 10 months, covering a plastic film in the greenhouse in the last 11 months, additionally arranging a heat preservation facility in the greenhouse after 12 months, and performing unified conventional management.