CN109479833A - Times aphid kind worm migrates the method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield naturally - Google Patents
Times aphid kind worm migrates the method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield naturally Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479833A CN109479833A CN201811537616.7A CN201811537616A CN109479833A CN 109479833 A CN109479833 A CN 109479833A CN 201811537616 A CN201811537616 A CN 201811537616A CN 109479833 A CN109479833 A CN 109479833A
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- moss
- aphid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
It migrates naturally the present invention relates to a kind of times aphid kind worm and dissipates the method for increasing Gallnut yield, belong to economic forest Cultivating techniques field.This method includes the cultivation and monitoring, the movement of aphid moss, the big step of recycling four migrated with moss block for planting worm of kind of worm.The present invention is migrated the biological characteristics of upper tree naturally according to Chinese gall kind worm, migrate naturally upper tree and the knot times of times aphid are realized by there is the movement of aphid moss block in conjunction with the kind worm breeding method for planting moss without soil, production link and labor intensity are effectively reduced, Gallnut yield is increased.The present invention has the characteristics that scientific and reasonable, method is easy, labor intensity is low, obvious effect of increasing production and high efficiency, can science, efficiently improve Chinese gall kind worm and dissipate efficiency, promote Chinese gall volume increase, be suitble to producing upper large-scale promotion application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to economic forest Cultivating techniques fields, and in particular to one kind times aphid kind worm migrates to dissipate naturally increases by five times
The method of suboutput.
Background technique
Chinese gall is Gallnut Aphid feeding on the leaf of Chinese sumac etc., and stimulation leaf texture's hyperplasia is expanded and formed
Insect gall, be the important woods specialty product in China and foreign exchange earning commodity.Chinese gall is rich in tannic acid, is traditional Chinese medicine,
It is the important source material for producing tannic acid and gallic acid series of products, in medicine, chemical industry, mining and metallurgy, agricultural, food, light industry and electricity
It is widely used in the industries such as son.Chinese Gallnuts yield accounts for about 95% of Gross World Product or more, high, of fine quality with tannin acid content,
Amount is big famous, is referred to as " Chinese Gallnuts " in the international market.
Gallic formation must have a times aphid, summer host tree, winter host moss " three elements " and suitable environmental condition,
Since wild Chinese gall per unit area yield is low and yield is unstable, it is therefore desirable to increase yield by artificial culture, realize gallic
Stable high yield.Chinese gall artificial culture includes kind of 3 aspects of the cultivation of worm cultivation, the cultivation of tree and moss, wherein kind worm is cultivated most
For key, gallic yield is directly influenced.Kind worm cultivation includes planting moss to support aphid, plant worm collection and dissipate 3 key links,
The method mostly used greatly in production at present is: kind worm grows on moss garden is formed with aphid moss block, before kind of a worm migrates, will there is aphid moss
Block is transferred in greenhouse, is collected the spring to fly out and is moved in aphid loading paper bag, is allowed the spring to move aphid and is bred sexuale in worm bag and mate, when
When the sexuale of post-coitum generates fundatrix, worm bag is hung up in host tree, allows fundatrix to creep upper tree, forms Chinese gall.This life
The advantages of production mode is will to plant worm Migrating to be transferred in greenhouse, it is possible to reduce rasputitsa variation, mercury dropped etc. are bad
The influence that weather migrates to kind of worm;The disadvantage is that aphid nature Migrating is become human intervention, it is strong to considerably increase labour
Degree, production cost and production link, the masses are difficult to grasp completely, constrain being widely applied for production technology.Therefore how gram
Taking the deficiencies in the prior art is the problem of current coating economic forest cultivates field urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
It migrates to dissipate naturally It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of times aphid kind worm and increase
The method of Gallnut yield, this method by the mobile moss block for having times aphid kind worm, realize transfer of kind of the worm in Gallnut forest,
Naturally it migrates and upper tree is tied again, improve gallic yield.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of times of aphid kind worm migrate naturally dissipate increase Gallnut yield method, include the following steps:
Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: using non-woven fabrics as supporter, planting moss on supporter surface, covers shading rate above
For the sunshade net of 68-72%, moss is allowed to grow naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss block;Five times of autumn acquisition maturation
Son is placed near moss block, is allowed on studies of migration of aphids to moss block and is bred and parasitic, forms band aphid moss block;
The developmental state of aphid on routine observation moss block, before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months next years, the sample investigation on moss block counts moss
Aphed population on block is qualified moss block when aphid par is greater than 10,000 every square metre;
The movement of aphid moss: moss block with aphid before the studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, is transferred to five times by step (2)
Subtree hayashishita is cultivated;Gallnut forest averagely puts qualified 30-40 square metres of moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed;
Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, allow the aphid on moss to migrate naturally upper tree;Such as continuous wet weather, in moss block
Surface suspension plastic film is taken shelter from rain, to help studies of migration of aphids;
Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, after the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April,
Moss block is withdrawn and is recycled.
It is further preferred that in rapid (2), will be transferred to the moss block of kind of worm cultivated under the Chinese gall woods it is specific
Method are as follows: monolith is removed together by the moss block and non-woven fabrics that have aphid, is laid flat or is rolled into tubular, be transferred to the Chinese gall woods
Under;Shady wetland block is selected, weeds are removed and is loosened the soil, moss block is tiled, moss block is allowed to come into full contact with soil, is watered to keep moss block
The relative humidity of surrounding is 70%-80%;Meanwhile shading rate is covered as the screening of 68-72% in a manner of oblique canopy or flat canopy above moss block
Screened postive reaches sun-shading rainproof, keeps the smooth purpose of studies of migration of aphids channel.
It is further preferred that after withdrawing moss block, the method for repeating step (1) ~ step (3) is carried out in step (4)
It recycles.
It is further preferred that as follows for the application method of unqualified moss block: averagely putting conjunction according to Gallnut forest per acre
The amount that 30-40 square metres of block of lattice moss, the dosage of the unqualified moss block needed for being calculated in proportion with aphid;In 2 months next years
Before studies of migration of aphids on ten days moss, the unqualified moss block with aphid is transferred under the Chinese gall woods and is cultivated, later according to step
(3) method of ~ step (4) carry out using.
The present invention according to the biological characteristics of Gallnut Aphid, sufficiently with production at present it is upper without soil plant moss aphid it is newest at
Fruit, on the basis of a large number of experiments, having invented has aphid moss block by mobile, realizes that kind of a worm migrates upper tree and knot times naturally, simplifies
Complicated greenhouse receives the production links such as worm, packing pack, preservation, hanging bag, and with labor intensity, low, high-efficient, effect of increasing production is shown
The features such as work, can scientific, efficiently realize the bulk storage of kind of worm, promote Chinese gall volume increase, be suitble in the upper large-scale promotion of production
Using.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention has the moss block of times aphid kind worm by transfer, realize the upper tree of times aphid kind worm migrating in woods again naturally and
Knot times is set more uniformly on aphid, effectively improves Gallnut yield and quality;
(2) present invention eliminates manually receiving worm and putting the links such as worm, labor intensity can be greatly lowered, reduce production cost,
It increases economic efficiency;
(3) present invention is by effective monitoring to aphid cultivating process again, and the moss block of times aphid kind worm is cultivated in transfer in due course, realizes times aphid
Migrate naturally upper tree and the knot times of kind worm, effectively improve gallic yield.The present invention is suitable for five times of Chinese Gallnuts producing region
The artificial culture of son is suitble to large-scale promotion application.The present invention can also be used in combination with kind of a worm hanging bag method, further increase
Gallic yield.
(4) the application present invention carries out comparative experiments in Wufeng County, the results showed that is compared with the prior art, every 100
Square metre moss garden can reduce 1410 yuan of expenditure, account for the 47% of total expenditure.200.5 kgs/acre of Gallnut yield average out to simultaneously, with
The prior art is compared to output increased 10.2%.Main cause is that aphid migrates being evenly distributed on tree branches and leaves after upper tree naturally,
Improve the utilization rate of branches and leaves.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright range.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art
Or it is carried out according to product description.Production firm person is not specified in material therefor or equipment, is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
A kind of times of aphid kind worm migrate naturally dissipate increase Gallnut yield method, include the following steps:
Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: using non-woven fabrics as supporter, moss is planted on supporter surface, above in a manner of arched shed
The sunshade net that shading rate is 70% is covered, arched shed is 0.5 meter high, and moss is allowed to grow naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss
Block;The mature Chinese gall of autumn acquisition, is placed near moss block, allows on studies of migration of aphids to moss block and breeds and parasitic, forms band aphid moss
Block;
The developmental state of aphid on routine observation moss block, before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months next years, the sample investigation on moss block counts moss
Aphed population on block is qualified moss block when aphid par is greater than 10,000 every square metre;
The movement of aphid moss: moss block with aphid before the studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, is transferred to five times by step (2)
Subtree hayashishita is cultivated;Gallnut forest averagely puts 30 square metres of qualified moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed;
Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, allow the aphid on moss to migrate naturally upper tree;Such as continuous wet weather, in moss block
Surface suspension plastic film is taken shelter from rain, to help studies of migration of aphids;
Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, after the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April,
Moss block is withdrawn and is recycled.
Embodiment 2
A kind of times of aphid kind worm migrate naturally dissipate increase Gallnut yield method, include the following steps:
Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: using non-woven fabrics as supporter, moss is planted on supporter surface, above in a manner of arched shed
The sunshade net that shading rate is 68% is covered, arched shed is 0.5 meter high, and moss is allowed to grow naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss
Block;The mature Chinese gall of autumn acquisition, is placed near moss block, allows on studies of migration of aphids to moss block and breeds and parasitic, forms band aphid moss
Block;
The developmental state of aphid on routine observation moss block, before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months next years, the sample investigation on moss block counts moss
Aphed population on block is qualified moss block when aphid par is greater than 10,000 every square metre;
The movement of aphid moss: moss block with aphid before the studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, is transferred to five times by step (2)
Subtree hayashishita is cultivated;Gallnut forest averagely puts 40 square metres of qualified moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed;
Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, allow the aphid on moss to migrate naturally upper tree;Such as continuous wet weather, in moss block
Surface suspension plastic film is taken shelter from rain, to help studies of migration of aphids;
Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, after the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April,
Moss block is withdrawn and is recycled.
In step (2), the moss block with kind of worm is transferred to and is cultivated under the Chinese gall woods method particularly includes: aphid will be had
The moss block and non-woven fabrics of worm together remove by monolith, lays flat or be rolled into tubular, is transferred under the Chinese gall woods;Shady wetland block is selected,
It removes weeds and loosens the soil, moss block is tiled, moss block is allowed to come into full contact with soil, watering is to keep the relative humidity around moss block
70%-80%;Meanwhile the sunshade net that shading rate is 68% is covered in a manner of oblique canopy or flat canopy above moss block.
Embodiment 3
A kind of times of aphid kind worm migrate naturally dissipate increase Gallnut yield method, include the following steps:
Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: using non-woven fabrics as supporter, moss is planted on supporter surface, above in a manner of oblique canopy
The sunshade net that shading rate is 72% is covered, oblique canopy height is 1 meter, allows moss to grow naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss
Block;The mature Chinese gall of autumn acquisition, is placed near moss block, allows on studies of migration of aphids to moss block and breeds and parasitic, forms band aphid moss
Block;
The developmental state of aphid on routine observation moss block, before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months next years, the sample investigation on moss block counts moss
Aphed population on block is qualified moss block when aphid par is greater than 10,000 every square metre;
The movement of aphid moss: moss block with aphid before the studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, is transferred to five times by step (2)
Subtree hayashishita is cultivated;Gallnut forest averagely puts 35 square metres of qualified moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed;
Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, allow the aphid on moss to migrate naturally upper tree;Such as continuous wet weather, in moss block
Surface suspension plastic film is taken shelter from rain, to help studies of migration of aphids;
Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, after the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April,
Moss block is withdrawn the method for repeating step (1) ~ step (3) to recycle.
In step (2), the moss block with kind of worm is transferred to and is cultivated under the Chinese gall woods method particularly includes: aphid will be had
The moss block and non-woven fabrics of worm together remove by monolith, lays flat or be rolled into tubular, is transferred under the Chinese gall woods;Shady wetland block is selected,
It removes weeds and loosens the soil, moss block is tiled, moss block is allowed to come into full contact with soil, watering is to keep the relative humidity around moss block
70%-80%;Meanwhile the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% is covered in a manner of flat canopy above moss block.
It is as follows for the application method of unqualified moss block: averagely to put qualified 30-40 squares of moss block according to Gallnut forest per acre
The amount of rice is calculated, the dosage of the unqualified moss block needed for obtaining with aphid;Studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss
Before, the unqualified moss block with aphid is transferred under the Chinese gall woods and is cultivated, later according to step (3) ~ step (4) method
Carry out using.
Embodiment 4
A kind of times of aphid kind worm migrate naturally dissipate increase Gallnut yield method, include the following steps:
Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: being supporter in non-woven fabrics, plants moss on surface, cover sunshade net above, allow moss
It is grown naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss block.The mature Chinese gall of autumn acquisition, is placed near moss block, allows aphid
Worm migrates to breeding on moss garden and parasitic, formation band aphid moss block, Routine Management.The developmental state of worm is planted on routine observation moss, it is secondary
Before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months years, the sample investigation on moss block counts the Aphed population on moss block, when aphid par is greater than often
It is qualified moss block at square metres 10,000.
Step (2) movement of aphid moss: before the kind worm on mid-February next year moss migrates, will have the non-woven fabrics moss block of aphid
Monolith is removed, and tubular is laid flat or be rolled into, and is transferred under the Chinese gall woods.Shady wetland block is selected, weeds is removed, moderately loosens the soil, it will
The tiling of moss block adjusts position and moderately waters, allows moss block to come into full contact with soil, to keep the humidity of moss block.It is covered on moss block
Sunshade net, shading are kept off the rain fallen leaves.Gallnut forest averagely puts qualified 30-40 square metres of moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed.If
When Aphed population on moss is less than 10,000 every square metre, it need to be scaled to increase dosage.
Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, the aphid on moss reaches maturity, and forms alatae, natural from moss
Migrate upper tree, the progress of migrating of aphid in observation and monitoring moss.Such as continuous wet weather, plastic film can be hung on moss block and kept away
Rain.There is the kind worm of wing to migrate from moss onto trunk, give birth to sexuale, the female sexuale of post-coitum continues to develop at trunk bark seam
25-40 days, fundatrix is given birth to, feeding is set along trunk and forms Chinese gall.
Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, when the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April terminates
Afterwards, moss block is withdrawn, concentrates culture in moss garden again, worm and utilization can be put again.
In step (2), the moss block with kind of worm is transferred to and is cultivated under the Chinese gall woods method particularly includes: aphid will be had
The moss block and non-woven fabrics of worm together remove by monolith, lays flat or be rolled into tubular, is transferred under the Chinese gall woods;Shady wetland block is selected,
It removes weeds and loosens the soil, moss block is tiled, moss block is allowed to come into full contact with soil, watering is to keep the relative humidity around moss block
70%-80%;Meanwhile the sunshade net that shading rate is 72% is covered in a manner of oblique canopy above moss block.
It is as follows for the application method of unqualified moss block: averagely to put qualified 30-40 squares of moss block according to Gallnut forest per acre
The amount of rice is calculated, the dosage of the unqualified moss block needed for obtaining with aphid;Studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss
Before, the unqualified moss block with aphid is transferred under the Chinese gall woods and is cultivated, later according to step (3) ~ step (4) method
Carry out using.
Application example
The present invention is from 2015-2017, in the cultivation key lab's experimental study of Chinese forest-science academy's resource insect institute insect, and
The permanently happy level ground town demonstration pilot project of Wu Feng Yan Gaohong Chinese gall crop cultivation speciality cooperative society, Hubei Province, Yunnan Province Yanjin Chinese tannin profession are closed
Make the distant leaf dam township Mao Ba, the Chinese gall crop cultivation speciality cooperative society demonstration experimental tests of society's persimmon town demonstration pilot project, Chongqing City's tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches sun and application,
Show kind of a worm migrate upper tree and knot times effect it is good, can be effectively reduced labor intensity, reduce production link, improve Chinese gall and produce
Amount.
The present invention passes through the application and comparative experiments in Wufeng County Chinese gall cultivation base, the results showed that manages
100 square metres of moss gardens can reduce recruitment 10,600 yuan of expense of labour for receiving worm, filling worm, saving and put worm;Reduction, which is built, receives worm canopy
Bamboo and wood materials, sunshade net, plastic film and other material take 550 yuan;Reduce the fee of materials 260 such as material paper bag, the dress worm canopy of dress worm
Member;It is total to reduce 1410 yuan of expenditure, the 47% of 3000 yuan of total expenditure is accounted for, that is, reduces the 47% of total expenditure.Meanwhile using the present invention
Times woods, 200.5 kgs/acre of Gallnut yield average out to, and use the prior art control times woods, Gallnut yield average out to
182 kgs/acre, the two is compared it can be calculated that show that Gallnut yield improves 10.2% after applying the present invention, effect of increasing production
Significantly.
The reason of volume increase, mainly there are two aspects, cultivated and development progress monitoring side first is that using kind worm of the invention
Method can accurately grasp development progress of kind of the worm on moss, will be transferred in times woods with aphid moss block when suitable, realize again
Aphid kind worm migrates synchronous with leaf sprouting naturally, avoids the asynchronous of original artificial extension worm, plants and sets on worm too early or too late
Waste.Second is that migrating naturally is the natural selection based on aphid, being evenly distributed on trees and branches and leaves can be to greatest extent
Tie gall nut using leaf, avoid being unevenly distributed for artificial aphid when hanging worm, insufficient phenomenon utilized to leaf.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
- A kind of method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield 1. times aphid kind worm migrates naturally, which comprises the steps of:Step (1) plants the cultivation and monitoring of worm: using non-woven fabrics as supporter, planting moss on supporter surface, covers shading rate above For the sunshade net of 68-72%, moss is allowed to grow naturally under dark conditions, forms integrated moss block;Five times of autumn acquisition maturation Son is placed near moss block, is allowed on studies of migration of aphids to moss block and is bred and parasitic, forms band aphid moss block;The developmental state of aphid on routine observation moss block, before studies of migration of aphids at the beginning of 2 months next years, the sample investigation on moss block counts moss Aphed population on block is qualified moss block when aphid par is greater than 10,000 every square metre;The movement of aphid moss: moss block with aphid before the studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, is transferred to five times by step (2) Subtree hayashishita is cultivated;Gallnut forest averagely puts qualified 30-40 square metres of moss block per acre, and is evenly distributed;Step (3), plants migrating for worm: March early and middle ten days, allow the aphid on moss to migrate naturally upper tree;Such as continuous wet weather, in moss block Surface suspension plastic film is taken shelter from rain, to help studies of migration of aphids;Step (4), the recycling of moss block: the situation of migrating of aphid on observation moss, after the studies of migration of aphids on moss mid-April, Moss block is withdrawn and is recycled.
- The method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield 2. according to claim 1 times of aphid kind worm migrates naturally, which is characterized in that In step (2), the moss block with kind of worm is transferred to and is cultivated under the Chinese gall woods method particularly includes: will have a moss block of aphid And non-woven fabrics together remove by monolith, lays flat or be rolled into tubular, is transferred under the Chinese gall woods;Shady wetland block is selected, weeds are removed And loosen the soil, moss block is tiled, moss block is allowed to come into full contact with soil, is watered to keep the relative humidity around moss block as 70%-80%; Meanwhile shading rate is covered as the sunshade net of 68-72% in a manner of oblique canopy or flat canopy above moss block.
- The method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield 3. according to claim 1 times of aphid kind worm migrates naturally, which is characterized in that In step (4), after moss block is withdrawn, the method for repeating step (1) ~ step (3) is recycled.
- The method for dissipating and increasing Gallnut yield 4. according to claim 1 times of aphid kind worm migrates naturally, which is characterized in that It is as follows for the application method of unqualified moss block: averagely to put qualified 30-40 square metres of moss block of amount according to Gallnut forest per acre, press The dosage of unqualified moss block with aphid needed for ratio is calculated;Before studies of migration of aphids on mid-February next year moss, it will have The unqualified moss block of aphid, which is transferred under the Chinese gall woods, to be cultivated, later according to step (3) ~ step (4) method carry out using.
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CN110583349A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 怀化市九天界生态农业科技有限公司 | Chinese gall cultivation method |
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CN104904670A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-16 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing gallnut yield by cultivating moss and culturing aphids on non-woven fabric as matrix |
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CN104904670A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-16 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing gallnut yield by cultivating moss and culturing aphids on non-woven fabric as matrix |
Cited By (1)
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CN110583349A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 怀化市九天界生态农业科技有限公司 | Chinese gall cultivation method |
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