CN105165513B - A kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165513B CN105165513B CN201510418344.9A CN201510418344A CN105165513B CN 105165513 B CN105165513 B CN 105165513B CN 201510418344 A CN201510418344 A CN 201510418344A CN 105165513 B CN105165513 B CN 105165513B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, this method plants edible mushroom in orchard free space, can make full use of land resource.Culture medium of edible fungus material is done using branch under pruning fruit tree, realizes efficiently using for discarded fruit tree.Fruit tree in orchard provides wet environment, sufficient oxygen and suitable scattering light for the growth and development of mushroom.Bacteria residue after production is directly ploughed deeply in orchard soil as a kind of organic materials, can loam forest cultivation, improvement soil texture can solve the problems, such as that waste bacterial slag is reluctant again, reach resource circulation utilization, environmental-friendly, sustainable development effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, belong to the technical field of agricultural production.
Background technology
At present, our mankind gradually face the severe challenge of resource exhaustion and environmental degradation, how to make full use of photo-thermal to provide
Source and space resources, realize that energy and material reusable edible are an important research directions.
China's apple-planting area and yield occupy first place in the world, and very important ground is occupied in world's Apple Industry
Position.Apple Industry is as one of pillar industry of northern China production district rural economy.Apple is intolerant tree species, and illumination is sufficient
It could grow normal, improve the efficiency of light energy utilization in apple orchard, increase photosynthate, be the important technique measure of apple volume increase, institute
It is an important farming operations in apple production to improve the daylighting area of fruit tree by beta pruning.
The annual pruning rate of apple tree is very big, according to the measuring and calculating nearly 500kg of year beta pruning amount (weight of giving money as a gift) [reference per acre《Shaanxi apple
Fruit Pruning Away Branches are as biological renewable energy research on utilization》], to apple branch, trunk, traditional way is directly less efficiently
Burning stacks rotten be used as Fertilizer application all the year round；Both processing methods not only cause using energy source insufficient, cause branch
Potential a large amount of chemical energy lose in vain in bar, can also cause environmental pollution.China orchard land occupation condition is generally poor at the same time, adds
It is a large amount of for a long time apply chemical fertilizer, the input of exogenous organic matter matter is insufficient, and orchard productivity is gradually reduced, east apple orchard
Soil acidification degree increases, western salinization and alkalization increases, and causes fruit tree diseases and pests to aggravate, fruit quality decline, with plantation
The extension of the time limit, the trend of soil degradation is increasingly apparent, and orchard soil quality declines becomes current orchard production sustainable development
The important limiting factor of exhibition.
Edible mushroom is that grain, cotton, oil, the fifth-largest class product of fruit are only second in modern agriculture and forestry, with edible fungus culturing skill
The popularization of art, edible fungus culturing area and kind are continuously increased, and have become a pillar industry of China's planting industry.2011
National Edible Fungi total amount reaches 2571.7 ten thousand tons, and the output value accounts for the 70~80% of Gross World Product more than 140,000,000,000 yuan.With
The development of mushroom industry, take grainfield found the factory scaffolding area expand year by year, grainfield area is reduced year by year, mushroom, grain strive ground contradiction
It is more and more prominent.
The development of edible fungus culturing is increasing to the culture medium raw material demand used in culturing edible fungus, while harvests edible
The solid medium discarded after mushroom entity, the i.e. quantity of bacteria residue are also more and more.According to measuring and calculating, the annual yield in the whole nation is 700
More than ten thousand tons [refer to Zhao Xiaoli, efficient research on utilization progress [J] edible fungi of china of Chen Zhiyi, Liu Xue inscription mushroom brans, 2012
(2):1-3], containing abundant protein and other nutritional ingredients in bacteria residue, it is dealt with improperly, not only results in resource wave
Take, also result in the growth of mould and pest, increase the quantity that spore and pest are harmful in air, caused to agroecological environment
How pollution, handle substantial amounts of bacteria residue waste material and also seem more and more necessary.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, this method is in fruit
Garden free space plantation edible mushroom, can make full use of land resource.Culture medium of edible fungus is done using branch under pruning fruit tree
Material, realizes efficiently using for discarded fruit tree.Fruit tree in orchard provides wet environment, abundance for the growth and development of mushroom
Oxygen and suitable scattering light.Bacteria residue after production is directly ploughed deeply in orchard soil as a kind of organic materials, can
Loam is afforested, and improvement soil texture can solve the problems, such as that waste bacterial slag is reluctant again, reaches resource circulation utilization, environment friend
The good, effect of sustainable development.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, including step are as follows：
1) select the result garden of more than 3 years, fruit tree in the ranks carry out build canopy；Line-spacing 3-8m between fruit tree；The canopy is
Arched roof or triangle canopy；The height of the canopy is 2.3~2.5m；The outer surface of the canopy is disposed with plastics plating from the outside to the core
Aluminium light reflecting membrane, insulating layer and plastic film and fly net binder course.Fruit tree in orchard provides tide for the growth and development of mushroom
Wet environment, sufficient oxygen and suitable scattering light, aluminizing reflective thin increases reflection, promotion Photosynthesis of Fruit.
2) culture medium spice is prepared；The weight proportion of the culture medium spice is apple twig powder 60%-80%, cotton seed hulls
5-15%, wheat bran 10-20%, gypsum 0.5-1.5%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1.5%；The specific preparation method of the culture medium spice
For, apple twig powder and cotton seed hulls are prewetted and sprinkle pulverized limestone after building heap, mixes, build heap, adjust the weight proportion of water for 50%~
55%；Build heap and wheat bran and water are added after 3~4 days, stir again, and the weight proportion for adjusting water is 60%~65%, is trained
Support base spice.
3) pack, sterilize, inoculation；Build canopy and carry out the production of hybrid seeds, the training that step 2) is obtained in 4~9 months before fruit tree harvests
Support base spice and load charging bag, obtain cultivation material bag, sterilized, be inoculated with to cultivation material bag, bacterium bag is made, orchard cultivation is fragrant
Mushroom, should be according to working as ground temperature, and diverges to fruit tree harvesting and the fruit tree trimming phase is cultivated, the north with production of hybrid seeds mid-November,
The coming year, 4~September was cultivated, and mid-April, which starts fruiting, to be advisable；4~6 are taken from being seeded to harvest home under normal circumstances
Month.
4) bacterium germination；For the humid control of bacterium bag 50%~70%, temperature control carries out bacterium germinations at 20~25 DEG C；35 after inoculation
Mycelia is grown after~45 days；When mycelium has thorough grasp material completely, cutting bed of material culture medium has brown stain into brown color, loose
Sawdust becomes spongy, at this moment answers timely discharge of bacteria to handle.
5) discharge of bacteria；Discharge of bacteria is carried out after covering with mycelia, discharge of bacteria carries out management of producing mushroom after 20~30 days；Orcharding plants mushroom can profit
With the miniclimate in orchard, natural day and night temperature can promote mushroom is solid to budding, and timely carry out lower ground discharge of bacteria.
6) management of producing mushroom；
7) harvest：When cap edge inward curl is in bronze gong side shape, picked when mycoderm just ruptures；First batch of mushroom harvesting
After the completion of carry out the bacteria of 7~10 days, adjusting humidity in canopy, to 85%~90%, increases ventilation frequency, continues 3~5 days；
Second batch of mushroom is cultivated by the breeding condition of first batch of mushroom；When cap edge inward curl is in bronze gong side shape, demonstrate,proved when mycoderm just ruptures
Pine torch entity has reached ripe very likely, and ripe very likely is the fructification most suitable picking time, and picking can shadow late or too early excessively
Ring the yield and quality of mushroom；Harvesting is should to be carried out under the conditions of fine day.
8) processing of bacterium bag after harvesting：Bacterium bag after harvesting is dug out into crushing out of furrow, builds heap fermentation, adds chemical fertilizer stirring
Afterwards, uniformly spread and enter in orchard soil.Apply and buried sternly after mushroom bag is crushed, make topsoil fertile, soft.
Preferable according to the present invention, the standard in selection orchard is, orchard ground level and horizontal plane in the step 1)
Angle is 12 °~15 °；The canopy both sides, are provided with shaking type lifting shutter at 60~80cm of ground；Set in the canopy
It is equipped with automatic spraying device；The fly net is 60-80 mesh.
Preferable according to the present invention, in the step 1), the orchard is apple orchard, theatre, peach garden or vineyard, excellent
Choosing, the orchard is apple orchard.
Preferable according to the present invention, the specific method of pack is that the culture medium for obtaining step 2) is mixed in the step 3)
Material loads charging bag, pack length 40cm, and every bag of weight in wet base is 1.8~2.0kg or 3.6~4.0kg, the charging bag that will be installed
Cultivation material bag is obtained after tightening.
It is further preferred that the charging bag is the polypropylene charging bag that length × width is 55cm × 15cm or 55cm × 24cm
Or polyethylene charging bag.The advantages of polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bag is, it can be achieved that going out to bacterium bag progress autoclaving or normal pressure
Bacterium.
It is preferable according to the present invention, in the step 3) specific method of sterilizing be after the charging bag installed tightens at once
Into horizontal high voltage or normal-pressure sterilization.
Preferable according to the present invention, in the step 3), the strain of inoculation is 3 grades of high temperature kinds, the fruiting of strain
Temperature is 9~23 DEG C, and the high temperature kind is L26, mushroom 939 or mushroom 808, and the temperature of bacterium bag is 0~30 DEG C during inoculation,
Per 8~10g of bag cultivating bag inoculation strain.
For mushroom fruiting temperature at 7~21 DEG C, most suitable temperature is 15~25 DEG C, when fruiting phase should be arranged in 10~30 DEG C of temperature
Phase.Adaptation to local conditions is answered in strain selection, selects 2 kinds or two or more strain, can avoid error caused by climate difference.Strain includes 1
Level, 2 grades and 3 grades；1st, 2 grades of kinds are parent species and original seed, it is therefore an objective to which the expansion step by step for strain is numerous, even at present by large-scale popularization
The liquid spawn used, can directly connect fruiting bag from liquid, but still need to expand step by step numerous, be learnt by experiment for many years, expand
Numerous to 3 grades of strain is optimal selection.
Preferable according to the present invention, the specific method of the step 5) discharge of bacteria is, in built-in two furrow of canopy；Disappear to furrow
After poison, the bacterium bag after bacterium germination is handled is sloughed charging bag and is thrown into furrow, the covering film in bacterium bag.Covering film can prevent bacterium bag water
Shunting is lost too fast.
It is further preferred that the wide 60~80cm of furrow, the deep 8~10cm of furrow, distance is 30~40cm between furrow；Furrow are sterilized
Method to be that sprinkling bacterium stands go out solution or spread drystone ashes；Fill native or broken fungus block in gap between bacterium bag.Sky between bacterium bag
Gap, which fills native or broken fungus block, can reduce misshapen mushroom appearance.
It is further preferred that the specific method of management of producing mushroom is in the step 6), after discharge of bacteria, it is 20 to keep temperature in canopy
DEG C~25 DEG C, and the aqueous proportion 50%~60% of bacterium bag is kept, film ventilation is lifted daily, mulch is raised after 30 days, sooner or later each spray one
Secondary water, regulates and controls relative air humidity 85%~90%；Avoid sun light direct beam；Continue 3 days or more than 3 days, after mushroom flower bud is formed, increase
Add in canopy air humidity to 90%~95%, and keep divulging information, first batch of mushroom is harvested after 3~5 days；After discharge of bacteria, canopy temperature is kept
23 degree or so, mushroom former base can be promoted to be formed；The purpose for raising mulch is to carry out day and night temperature stimulation and dry and wet difference stimulation to make it
Form former base, mushroom flower bud；It should avoid daytime spraying water, in order to avoid influence the temperature difference.A small amount of scattering light should be provided during fruiting, prevented too
Direct sunlight causes former base and young flower bud withered.
Preferable according to the present invention, in the step 7), the specific method of harvesting is, light to revolve root mushroom handle intactly
Take.It is careful not to hurt other small mushroom buds during picking, mushroom handle is intactly taken off, can be polluted in order to avoid undesirable root rots.
Preferable according to the present invention, in the step 8), the specific processing method of the bacterium bag after harvesting is：
A, ground is uniformly spread on after mixing with chemical fertilizer after the bacterium bag after harvesting is crushed；Bacterium bag and chemical fertilizer after crushing
Dry weight mixing ratio be 2.5~10:1, chemical fertilizer is high nitrogen, high potassium, the composite fertilizer of middle phosphorus, and the proportioning of composite fertilizer is 18：9：18 or
14： 6：10；
B, ploughed deeply using the autumn or the method for ditching landfill in step A by what is obtained, the mixture of bacterium bag and chemical fertilizer ploughs under
In topsoil；
C, radial canal is dug；
The method for digging radial canal has two kinds, and first method is that 4~5 radiation are dug centered on the trunk of every plant of fruit tree
Ditch；
Second method is the annular groove that deep and width is 30~40 centimetres to be dug in top fruit sprayer outer rim, with every plant of fruit tree tree
Centered on dry, 4~5 radial canals to connect with annular groove are dug from different directions, and the radial canal to connect with annular groove is arranged on
Under tree crown drip, 40~50cm of ditch depth of the radial canal to connect with annular groove, the furrow width of the radial canal to connect with annular groove
20cm, the length of of length no more than tree crown drip of the radial canal to connect with annular groove.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the production method production cost of intercropping in garden mushroom of the present invention is low, Economization on land, and the quality of product is high, changes
Good soil quality, reduces environmental pollution, and can produce higher social and economic benefits；
2nd, the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom of the present invention, in orchard, free space plants edible mushroom, Ke Yichong
Point utilize land resource, from the contradiction for macroscopically alleviating mushroom grain and striving ground；
3rd, the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom of the present invention, builds the reflecting film material of mushroom shed use, can improve apple
The efficiency of light energy utilization in orchard, increases photosynthate；
4th, the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom of the present invention, culture medium of edible fungus can be done using branch under pruning fruit tree
Material, realizes efficiently using for discarded fruit tree；The growth and development of mushroom is wanted wet environment, sufficient oxygen and suitable is dissipated
Light is penetrated, is shaded in orchard, negative oxygen ion is high, and humus under forest floor enriches, and is adapted to the cultivation of mushroom；
5th, the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom of the present invention, the bacteria residue after production is direct as a kind of organic materials
Plough deeply in orchard soil, can loam forest cultivation, improve soil texture, promote the growth and development of fruit tree, but can solve discard bacterium
The reluctant problem of slag, realizes the good quality and high output of apple production, reaches resource circulation utilization, environmental-friendly, sustainable development
Effect.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to embodiment, but institute's protection domain of the present invention is not limited to
This.
Embodiment 1
A kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, including step are as follows：
1) the result garden of more than 3 years is selected to build arched roof, the height of arched roof is 2.5m；Orchard ground level and horizontal plane
Angle is 12 °~15 °, and line-spacing is more than 3m between fruit tree；Arched roof is disposed with plastics aluminum reflective film, insulation from the outside to the core
Layer and plastic film and fly net binder course；The fly net is 60 mesh；Arched roof both sides, hand is provided with the 80cm of ground
Shake formula lifting shutter；Automatic spraying device is provided with the canopy.Fruit tree in orchard provides tide for the growth and development of mushroom
Wet environment, sufficient oxygen and suitable scattering light, aluminizing reflective thin increases reflection, promotion Photosynthesis of Fruit.
2) culture medium spice is prepared；The weight proportion of the culture medium spice is apple twig powder 73%, cotton seed hulls 10%,
Wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%, calcium carbonate 1%；The specific preparation method of the culture medium spice is, by apple twig powder and cotton seed hulls
Prewet and sprinkle pulverized limestone after building heap, mix, build heap, the weight proportion for adjusting water is 50%~55%；Added after building heap 3~4 days
Wheat bran and water, are stirred again, and the weight proportion for adjusting water is 60%~65%, obtains culture medium spice.
3) pack, sterilize, inoculation；The specific method of pack is that the culture medium spice for obtaining step 2) loads charging bag
(filling band is polypropylene that length × width is 55cm × 15cm charging bag, and the advantages of polypropylene charging material bag is, it can be achieved that right
Bacterium bag carries out autoclaving or normal-pressure sterilization), pack length 40cm, every bag of weight in wet base is 3.6~4.0kg, the dress that will be installed
Material bag obtains bacterium bag after tightening.Autoclaving is carried out at once after the charging bag installed tightens；In 10~30 DEG C of temperature after sterilizing
When select 3 grades of strains of high temperature strain mushroom 939 and mushroom 808 to be filled into bacterium bag；Each bacterium bag includes 8~10g of strain,
Per acre with 1800~2000 bags of the bacterium bag of filling；The bacterium bag is the strain bag that length × width is 33cm × 17cm.Orchard cultivation is fragrant
Mushroom, should be according to working as ground temperature, and diverges to fruit tree harvesting and the fruit tree trimming phase is cultivated, the north with production of hybrid seeds mid-November,
The coming year, 4~September was cultivated, and mid-April, which starts fruiting, to be advisable；4~6 are taken from being seeded to harvest home under normal circumstances
Month.
For mushroom fruiting temperature at 7~21 DEG C, most suitable temperature is 15~25 DEG C, when fruiting phase should be arranged in 10~30 DEG C of temperature
Phase.Adaptation to local conditions is answered in strain selection, selects 2 kinds of strains, can avoid error caused by climate difference.Strain include 1 grade, 2 grades and
3 grades；1st, 2 grades of kinds are parent species and original seed, it is therefore an objective to which the expansion step by step for strain is numerous, even the liquid used at present by large-scale popularization
Body strain, can directly connect fruiting bag from liquid, but still need to expand step by step numerous, be learnt by experiment for many years, expand numerous to 3 grades
Strain be optimal selection.
4) bacterium germination；50%~70%, temperature is controlled at 20~25 DEG C the humid control of bacterium bag；35~45 after bacterium bag inoculation
After it, mycelium has thorough grasp material completely, and cutting bed of material culture medium has brown stain to become spongy into brown color, loose sawdust,
At this moment timely discharge of bacteria is answered to handle.
5) discharge of bacteria；After covering with mycelia, in built-in two furrow of canopy, (the wide 60~80cm of furrow, the deep 8~10cm of furrow, distance is between furrow
30~40cm)；Furrow are spread drystone ashes disinfection after, the bacterium bag after bacterium germination is handled slough charging bag be thrown into furrow, bacterium bag it
Between gap filling is native or broken fungus block (the gap filling between bacterium bag is native or broken fungus block can reduce misshapen mushroom appearance) is in bacterium bag
Covering film (covering film can prevent that bacterium bag water loss is too fast) carries out discharge of bacteria, and discharge of bacteria carries out management of producing mushroom after 20~30 days；Orchard
Ground, which plants mushroom, can utilize the miniclimate in orchard, and natural day and night temperature can promote mushroom is solid to budding, timely carry out lowerly
Discharge of bacteria.
6) management of producing mushroom；After discharge of bacteria, keep canopy in temperature be 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, and keep the aqueous proportion 50% of bacterium bag~
60%, film ventilation is lifted daily, and mulch is raised after 30 days, respectively sprays a water sooner or later, regulates and controls relative air humidity 85%~90%；Keep away
Exempt from sun light direct beam；Continue 3 days or more than 3 days, after mushroom flower bud is formed, air humidity is to 90%~95% in increase canopy, and keeps
Ventilation, harvests first batch of mushroom after 3~5 days；After discharge of bacteria, 23 degree or so of canopy temperature is kept, mushroom former base can be promoted to be formed；Raise ground
The purpose of film is to carry out day and night temperature stimulation and dry and wet difference to stimulate and form it into former base, mushroom flower bud；It should avoid daytime spraying water, Yi Mianying
Ring the temperature difference.A small amount of scattering light should be provided during fruiting, prevent sun light direct beam from causing former base and young flower bud withered.
7) harvest：When cap edge inward curl is in bronze gong side shape, picked when mycoderm just ruptures, when picking gently revolves root
Portion intactly takes mushroom handle, is careful not to hurt other small mushroom buds, mushroom handle is intactly taken off, can in order to avoid undesirable root rots,
Pollute.When cap edge inward curl is in bronze gong side shape, proof fructification has reached ripe very likely when mycoderm just ruptures, and seven
Medium well is the fructification most suitable picking time, and excessively slow or picking too early can influence the yield and quality of mushroom；Harvesting is
It should be carried out under the conditions of fine day.Carries out the bacteria of 7~10 days after the completion of the harvesting of first batch of mushroom, in adjustment canopy humidity to 85%~
90%, increase ventilation frequency, continue 3~5 days；Second batch of mushroom is cultivated by the breeding condition of first batch of mushroom.
8) processing of bacterium bag after harvesting：
A, the bacterium bag after harvesting crushed, be uniformly mixed after fermentation with chemical fertilizer and be uniformly spread on ground；Bacterium bag after crushing
Dry weight mixing ratio with chemical fertilizer is 2.5:1, chemical fertilizer is high nitrogen, high potassium, the composite fertilizer of middle phosphorus, and the proportioning of composite fertilizer is 18：9：18；
B, using the method that the autumn ploughs deeply by what is obtained in step A, the mixture of bacterium bag and chemical fertilizer is ploughed under in topsoil；
C, radial canal is dug；
4~5 radial canals are dug centered on the trunk of every plant of fruit tree；
Embodiment 2
The production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as described in Example 1, difference lies in dig radial canal in the step 8)
Method is the annular groove that deep and width is 30~40 centimetres to be dug in top fruit sprayer outer rim, centered on every plant of trunks of fruit trees, from difference
Direction dig 4~5 radial canals to connect with annular groove, the radial canal to connect with annular groove is arranged under tree crown drip, with
40~the 50cm of ditch depth for the radial canal that annular groove connects, the furrow width 20cm of the radial canal to connect with annular groove, connects with annular groove
Radial canal of length no more than tree crown drip length.
Comparative example：
The method of greenhouse cultivation mushroom, including step are as follows：
First, bacterium bag makes
(1) it is formulated：1. poplar bits 79%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, carbendazim 0.1% (50% wettable powder)；2.
Corncob (being ground into broad bean grain size) 45%, poplar saw foam 40%, maize flour 13%, gypsum 1%, pulverized limestone 1%, carbendazim
0.1%.
(2) spice：By above-mentioned raw material scale it is good after mix together, stir 4~5 times, then carbendazim and lime are put into water
In, after stirring evenly, sprayed into respectively in siccative with watering can.Material is mixed uniformly while pouring waterside, compost moisture is adjusted to water content
For 60% or so.
(3) pack：Using 25 × 55 centimetres of low-pressure polyethylene film, bag specification.Polybag one end is sealed before charging, is prevented
Leak-stopping gas.The compost stirred evenly is loaded in bag, it is elastic appropriate.
2nd, sterilize
Carry out native steamer sterilizing；Cooling chamber is moved into after steam sterilizing rapidly, is inoculated after temperature in material bag declines.
3rd, it is inoculated with
(1) clean room：The instrument of discharging is put into using first 4 days after being lighted after indoor sealed doors and windows with sulphur and smoked
Steam room.
(2) inoculation time：Start to be inoculated with when material bag temperature drops to 30 DEG C, inoculation time is preferably arranged in carry out sooner or later.
(3) vaccine program：It is advisable with 4 people, carries out the division of labor, operated, lights alcolhol burner, strain punching, takes bacterium
Kind, a bag tying point strain is mixed, is sealed.Bacterium bag " well " font connect is stacked, per 5 layers of heap.
4th, bacterium germination culture
(1) indoor half-light is kept, room temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C or so.
(2) it is inoculated with 16~20 days, pricks the hole of 10~20 0.5~1.0 centimetre of depths on inoculation cave with toothpick.Second
With knitting needle, for the third time with chopsticks, it is gradually increased intensification every 10 days thorns once.
5th, fruiting period management
(1) mushroom shed is built, greenhouse film mulching straw curtain or cover from sun.
(2) bacterium bag is discharged；It is horizontally-arranged on bedstead, 4 centimetres or so of pocket position.Every layer can be discharged into 42~44 bacterium bags of sack.
(3) alternating temperature urges mushroom：Control the formation of thermal stimulation mushroom flower bud.Keep the humidity 85% in canopy.
6th, harvest
(1) roguing, it is excellent to stay：If young mushroom growth is overstocked suitably to pluck, more uniform distance is kept.
(2) early spring or late fall can be heated with stove fire, done sth. in advance or delayed fruiting.Can be by bacterium bag heap during winter weather cold
Product is together overwintering.Fruiting again when temperature of waiting for the coming year raises.
First, mushroom growth environmental Comparison
The test site area of greenhouse cultivation mushroom and intercropping in garden mushroom is one mu, measures the air in greenhouse and orchard
Humidity, carbon dioxide content, intensity of illumination；Comparing result is as shown in table 1 below：
(table 1) orchard planting place and common planting site strengths and weaknesses contrast table：
The comparing result of table 1 shows that the ambient humidity high carbon dioxide content of intercropping in garden mushroom is low, meets mushroom happiness
Wet, aerobic habit, it was demonstrated that the mode of intercropping in garden is more suitable for mushroom growth.In addition, mushroom growth needs light to stimulate,
In Facilities Construction, sun-shading is required to, but orchard can carry out shading using fruit tree, and fruit tree can stop most sunlight light
Line, sunshading facility input are relatively low.
2nd, mushroom production contrasts
The test site area of greenhouse cultivation mushroom and intercropping in garden mushroom is one mu, in addition, one mu of orchard experiment of increase
Place, the strain number of apple tree are identical with the test site strain number of intercropping in garden mushroom；Identical management is carried out to mushroom and fruit tree,
Fruiting three times is carried out, records the mushroom total output of fruiting three times, comparing result such as table 2：
The production method of (table 2) mushroom of the present invention and general production method yield comparison table：
| Project | Fruit tree, mushroom are separately cultivated | Fruit tree, mushroom interplanting |
| Fruits output (kg/ mus) | 2500-3000 | 2800-3500 |
| Mushroom production (kg/ mus) | 9000-13000 | 3200-4000 |
Comparing result shows：Fruit tree, the yield higher of mushroom interplanting, the reflectance coating of mushroom canopy can reflect sunlight, increase fruit
Photosynthesis is set, fruit tree can improve the humidity of mushroom growth environment, reduce gas concentration lwevel and intensity of illumination, fruit tree and mushroom
Mutually promote growth；And fruit tree, mushroom interplanting improve land utilization ratio.
3rd, bacteria stick pollution contrast
The bacteria stick obtained to one mu of general production method carries out common process, the bacteria stick obtained to one mu of intercropping in garden mushroom
Carry out the method for the invention to be handled, 5 insect traps are set at random respectively two disposal fields, caught by range estimation in three days
The quantity of pest, it is as shown in table 3 to obtain comparing result in worm device：
The processing method of (table 3) bacterium bag of the present invention is contrasted with harmful substance in normal treatment process air and pests
Table：
Comparing result is shown, using the bacteria stick after the processing method processing of bacterium bag of the present invention, pollution rate bottom, and then is produced
The quantity of raw pest is few.
4th, other advantages of intercropping in garden mushroom
。
Claims (8)
1. a kind of production method of intercropping in garden mushroom, it is characterised in that as follows including step：
1) select the result garden of more than 3 years, fruit tree in the ranks carry out build canopy；Line-spacing 3-8m between fruit tree；The canopy is arch
Canopy or triangle canopy；The height of the canopy is 2.3~2.5m；The outer surface of the canopy is disposed with plastics and aluminizes instead from the outside to the core
Optical thin film, insulating layer and plastic film and fly net binder course；
2) culture medium spice is prepared；The weight proportion of the culture medium spice is apple twig powder 60%-80%, cotton seed hulls 5-
15%, wheat bran 10-20%, gypsum 0.5-1.5%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1.5%；The specific preparation method of the culture medium spice
For, apple twig powder and cotton seed hulls are prewetted and sprinkle pulverized limestone after building heap, mixes, build heap, adjust the weight proportion of water for 50%~
55%；Build heap and wheat bran and water are added after 3~4 days, stir again, and the weight proportion for adjusting water is 60%~65%, is trained
Support base spice；
3) pack, sterilize, inoculation；Build canopy and carry out the production of hybrid seeds, the culture medium that step 2) is obtained in 4~9 months before fruit tree harvests
Spice loads charging bag, obtains cultivation material bag, is sterilized, be inoculated with to cultivation material bag, and bacterium bag is made；
4) bacterium germination；For the humid control of bacterium bag 50%~70%, temperature control carries out bacterium germinations at 20~25 DEG C；
5) discharge of bacteria；Discharge of bacteria is carried out after covering with mycelia, discharge of bacteria carries out management of producing mushroom after 20~30 days；
6) management of producing mushroom；The specific method of management of producing mushroom is, after discharge of bacteria, it is 20 DEG C~25 DEG C to keep temperature in canopy, and keeps bacterium
Comprising water proportion 50%~60%, film ventilation is lifted daily, mulch is raised after 30 days, and respectively water of spray, regulation and control air are opposite sooner or later
Humidity 85%~90%；Avoid sun light direct beam；Continue 3 days or more than 3 days, after mushroom flower bud is formed, increase canopy in air humidity extremely
90%~95%, and keep divulging information, first batch of mushroom is harvested after 3~5 days；
7) harvest：When cap edge inward curl is in bronze gong side shape, picked when mycoderm just ruptures；First batch of mushroom harvesting is completed
The bacteria of 7~10 days is carried out afterwards, and adjusting humidity in canopy, to 85%~90%, increases ventilation frequency, continue 3~5 days；By
The breeding condition of one batch of mushroom cultivates second batch of mushroom；The specific method of harvesting is that light root of revolving intactly is taken mushroom handle；
8) processing of bacterium bag after harvesting：Bacterium bag after harvesting is dug out into crushing out of furrow, builds heap fermentation, after adding chemical fertilizer stirring,
Uniformly spread and enter in orchard soil；The specific processing method of bacterium bag after harvesting is：
A, ground is uniformly spread on after mixing with chemical fertilizer after the bacterium bag after harvesting is crushed；Bacterium bag and chemical fertilizer after crushing it is dry
Weight mixing ratio is 2.5~10:1, chemical fertilizer is high nitrogen, high potassium, the composite fertilizer of middle phosphorus, and the proportioning of composite fertilizer is 18：9：18 or 14：6：
10；
B, ploughed deeply using the autumn or the method for ditching landfill in step A by what is obtained, the mixture of bacterium bag and chemical fertilizer ploughs under topsoil
In；
C, radial canal is dug；
The method for digging radial canal has two kinds, and first method is that 4~5 radial canals are dug centered on the trunk of every plant of fruit tree；
Second method is, the annular groove that deep and width is 30~40 centimetres is dug in top fruit sprayer outer rim, using every plant of trunks of fruit trees as
Center, digs 4~5 radial canals to connect with annular groove from different directions, and the radial canal to connect with annular groove is arranged on tree crown
Under drip, 40~50cm of ditch depth of the radial canal to connect with annular groove, the furrow width 20cm of the radial canal to connect with annular groove, with
The length of the of length no more than tree crown drip for the radial canal that annular groove connects.
2. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that selection orchard in the step 1)
Standard be that the angle of orchard ground level and horizontal plane is 12 °~15 °；The canopy both sides, are set at 60~80cm of ground
There is shaking type lifting shutter；Automatic spraying device is provided with the canopy；The fly net is 60-80 mesh；The orchard is
Apple orchard, theatre, peach garden or vineyard.
3. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that pack is specific in the step 3)
Method is, the culture medium spice that step 2) is obtained loads charging bag, pack length 40cm, every bag of weight in wet base for 1.8~
2.0kg or 3.6~4.0kg, cultivation material bag is obtained after the charging bag installed is tightened.
4. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the charging bag is that length × width is
The polypropylene charging bag or polyethylene charging bag of 55cm × 15cm or 55cm × 24cm.
5. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that sterilizing is specific in the step 3)
Method is at once into horizontal high voltage or normal-pressure sterilization after the charging bag installed tightens.
6. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 3), inoculation
Strain is 3 grades of high temperature kinds, and the fruiting temperature of strain is 9~23 DEG C, and the high temperature kind is L26, mushroom 939 or mushroom
808, the temperature of bacterium bag is 0~30 DEG C during inoculation, per 8~10g of bag cultivating bag inoculation strain.
7. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the specific side of the step 5) discharge of bacteria
Method is, in built-in two furrow of canopy；After carrying out disinfection to furrow, the bacterium bag after bacterium germination is handled is sloughed charging bag and is thrown into furrow,
Covering film in bacterium bag.
8. the production method of intercropping in garden mushroom as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the wide 60~80cm of furrow, furrow deep 8
~10cm, distance is 30~40cm between furrow；Method to furrow disinfection, which is that sprinkling bacterium stands, goes out solution or spreads drystone ashes；Bacterium bag it
Between gap filling is native or broken fungus block.
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| CN106172359A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 广西大学 | A kind of edible fungi mosquito, the physical control method of fly type pests |
| CN106631273A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 广西金神农生态农业科技开发有限公司 | Inter-planting method of haw and straw mushroom |
| CN107347455B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-12 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | Large-bed planting method for mushrooms |
| CN107347568A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-17 | 马鞍山市绿营林业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving pear nutrient composition content |
| CN107873357A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-04-06 | 铜仁市万山区吊井文祺生态养殖有限公司 | A kind of method of theatre interplanting Hericium erinaceus |
| CN109729916A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-05-10 | 贵州好菇粮农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of underwood planting mushroom |
| CN110402751A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-05 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | A kind of facility peach garden " peach-bacterium-fertilizer " ecological circulation cropping pattern |
| CN113367025A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Mushroom culture medium and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104335819A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 苗继峰 | Method for interplanting oyster mushrooms and grapes |
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