CN102613000A - Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms at bottoms of tea-oil trees by taking tea-oil tree nutshells as major raw materials - Google Patents
Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms at bottoms of tea-oil trees by taking tea-oil tree nutshells as major raw materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms at the bottoms of tea-oil trees by taking tea-oil tree nutshells as major raw materials. The method particularly comprises the following steps: preparing culture medium by taking the tea-oil tree nutshells as the major raw materials, building cultivation beds at the bottoms of all tea-oil trees in the forest ground of the tea-oil trees for cultivating the oyster mushrooms, and planning to seed at the beginnings of February and October every year, when the temperature is appropriate and rainy seasons are avoided; and the fruiting begins at the ends of March and November; and the method further comprises a building method of the cultivation beds, a seeding method, management methods for the mycelium culture process and fruiting, and the like. By implementing the method, the soil yield rate, the resource utilization rate and the agricultural labor productivity can be increased; the soil conditions can be improved, and the growth of fruit trees and the protection of the ecological environment can be facilitated; with the adoption of the cultivation mode, farmers can realize a stereoscopic agriculture production mode without increasing any investment or reducing the output of other crops, and the fruits and the mushrooms are rich in harvest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fungus growing technique field, being specifically related to a kind of is the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks.
Technical background
Oil tea really is made up of shell and tea seed, and the tea seed after drying and the weight ratio of shell are 1: 2, so the oil-tea camellia husks resource is very abundant.At present; Have the relevant report except in industry, being used for refining and producing industry and chemical industry agricultural chemicals etc. as important source material about the comprehensive utilization of oil-tea camellia husks, orchard worker's major part all is it to be used as fuel burn or let alone in the forest land, to rot to be used as fertilizer in the oil tea place of production.Be used as fuel and burn, it is very low that its value just seems, but also environment is polluted; Its fertilizer that in the forest land, rots to be used as because of the oil-tea camellia husks quality is hard, lets it rot fertilizer to need very full long process, and availability is also low relatively.
Utilizing oil-tea camellia husks to replace culturing edible fungus such as wood chip is the good gateway that a discarded object utilizes again.Shoulder " test of oil-tea camellia husks culturing edible fungus " that province Wenzhou little silk floss of Teng of agricultural school is delivered by Zhejiang in the 4th phase the 16th of " edible mushroom " magazine in 1994 volume, utilized oil-tea camellia husks to come cultivating white mushroom, Asparagus and mushroom exactly for raw material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just provide brand-new a kind of be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks.Specifically comprise: be that primary raw material prepares medium with the oil-tea camellia husks; Select under every tea oil tree on camellia oleifera lam tree ground, to make up the cultivation bed and be used for cultivating white mushroom; Be arranged in suitable early Febuary and the blanking sowing of two stages of early October of avoiding rainy season again of annual temperature, begin fruiting in late March and late November; The construction method of cultivation bed and blanking sowing way, cultural hypha process and management of producing mushroom method etc.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
1, with the oil-tea camellia husks is the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree; Comprise in the technical scheme: the medium its preparation method that with the oil-tea camellia husks is primary raw material; The oil tea forest land at place, mushroom cultivation place is selected and cultivation bed construction method; Suitable cultivation is arranged season, toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding, cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method.
2, being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, in the technical scheme is that the medium its preparation method of primary raw material is following with the oil-tea camellia husks:
(1) oil-tea camellia husks material choice and processing: selecting for use the solids water content to be 15～18%, not having the oil-tea camellia husks that goes mouldy is raw material, and be crushed to can mistake 30～40 orders;
(2) raw material and the proportioning formed: oil-tea camellia husks 82%, wheat bran 8%, rice bran 5%, quicklime 3%, gypsum 2%, water is an amount of;
(3) raw material is mixed: oil-tea camellia husks, wheat bran, rice bran, quicklime, gypsum are mixed and be stirred into compound, more an amount of water and compound are stirred, the while is adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of compound;
(4) fermentation: compound is piled the bar stack that wide about 2 meters, high about 1 meter, length are not limit, and with the tight anaerobic fermentation that carries out of plastic foil cloth covering; When temperature in the compound is higher than 60 ℃, keeping such 3～4 days laggard windrows of temperature fermentation turns over; Hide tight continuation with Polypropylence Sheet again after heap climbs over and ferment to mixed material overstrike or pitchy, free from extraneous odour, softness of holding be flexible both to have been accomplished and ferments and must produce and use medium.
3, be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, the oil tea forest land selection at place, mushroom cultivation place and cultivation bed construction method are following in the technical scheme:
(1) the cultivation place is selected: selecting the height of tree the chances are 1.5～2 meters, the hat width of cloth is that 1～1.5 meter oil tea forest land is as the cultivation place;
(2) cultivation bed construction method: at the bottom of every strain tea oil tree, make up the cultivation bed respectively; It is clean at first will to cultivate site preparation; Sentence the periphery by 30～40cm then and prolonging the cultivation bed that dark 10～12cm, wide 60～80cm are dug in the tea oil tree strain apart from the tea oil tree strain, last in the cultivation bed and spray 2% limewash around the edge of bed and 800 times chlorophos dilution carries out sterilization and the anti-ant of desinsection.
4, with the oil-tea camellia husks be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree; Suitable cultivation is arranged in the early Febuary and the blanking sowing of two stages of early October in every year season in the technical scheme; Late March and late November begin fruiting, and these two phase temperature are suitable, and avoid rainy season; Sow to the fruiting harvest home from blanking under the normal condition and need 3～4 months.
5, with the oil-tea camellia husks method of primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree, following toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding in the technical scheme:
(1) bacterial classification is handled: subsequent use the bacterium piece of cultivating by routine, free of contamination flat mushroom strain is broken into the iblet size off with the fingers and thumb;
(2) blanking and sowing: arrange the blanking sowing in sooner or later shady and cool period and cloudy whole day; To cultivate the water of bed drenching before the blanking sowing earlier; Apply the thick production culture medium of the about 3～4cm of one deck then; And then evenly on the culture matrix charge level, broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification; Then apply the thick production of the about 3～4cm of one deck again and broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification again after with culture medium; Execute three layers of culture matrix so altogether and broadcast three layers of flat mushroom strain, the bacterial classification consumption is about to be produced with 8～10% of culture medium; The blanking sowing is accomplished to cover immediately and is gone up clean plastic sheeting; And be the pore membrane of air-vent, hole and the about 5～7cm of pitch of holes of chopsticks head size with the plastic sheeting thorn that covers all over becoming the whole body with a sterile sharp batten; On pore membrane, cover the earth that the thick thickness of 2～3cm all has again; All being that the fine earth gas permeability is poor, all is that thick soil can not the assorted bacterium of filtered air.
6, be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method are following in the technical scheme:
(1) cultural hypha: the humidity about 50～55% that will keep the ridge-up bed earthing behind the cultivation bed earthing; The discovery soil layer is done partially and should in time gently be sprayed water branch to keep the humidity of earthing with sprayer; Check the mycelial growth situation through pushing the ridge-up bed earthing aside; Find that the discovery of ridge-up bed endoporus face has the yellow globule, at this moment should carry out management of producing mushroom timely;
(2) management of producing mushroom: have the ridge-up bed face overburden layer of the yellow globule to push aside with finding, to take away pore membrane, to cover toward the medium charge level directly again that humidity is about 50～55%, the soil layer of thick about 2cm, then whole bed surface to be covered pore membrane again; When finding that the ridge-up bed face has the small particles button; Should in time take away pore membrane, by conventional method management, mushroom piece is covered with bed surface very soon after several days; Along with mushroom growing up piece day by day; As when finding that a recess in the middle of the mushroom piece sheet has mushroom piece of white a bit, both proved that this mushroom was ripe, the list marketing of at this moment should in time gathering;
(3) middle and later periods management: when bright mushroom is gathered, adopt stay greatly little till whole ridge-up bed face mushroom piece has been gathered; Should carry out the management of second and third damp mushroom by routine more timely after the first damp mushroom is gathered and accomplishes and even manage fruiting and cross whole the end.
The existing following advantage of the present invention:
1, method technology proposed by the invention is simple, easy to be implemented.
2, the used primary raw material of embodiment of the present invention---oil-tea camellia husks, its raw material sources are extensive in the oil tea place of production, are prone to tissue, and are cheap.
3, place---the tea oil tree forest land at embodiment of the present invention place is idle in the oil tea place of production always, and area is wide and need not pay expense such as land rent when using.
4, through embodiment of the present invention, various weeds, foreign material are eliminated fully at the bottom of the tea oil tree, and it is dressing furrow that constructed cultivation bed also can be regarded, and are more convenient to later fertilising; The culture matrix left over behind the mushroom of having gathered need not done any cleaning and just can because it is a kind of good organic manure, can effectively improve the soil directly also in ground, reaches comprehensive cyclic utilization.
5, through embodiment of the present invention, help improving soil output capacity, resource utilization and farm labor efficiency; Can improve soil condition, help the growth of fruit tree and preserve the ecological environment; Utilize such cultivation mode, how many investments the peasant is neither increasing, and does not reduce again under the prerequisite of other crop yield and realizes the multi-storied agriculture production model, makes fruit, bacterium all obtain good harvest.
6, pass through embodiment of the present invention; Formed the mutually beneficial group relation of helping each other between biology; The metabolite of secreting in the promptly edible bacteria growing growth course can increase soil fertility, promotes crop growth, and edible mushroom breathes the carbonic acid gas that is discharged; The photosynthetic raw material of crops can promote that increasing crop yield increases income just.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment method of the present invention is further specified.
With the oil-tea camellia husks is the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree, and embodiment is following:
1, with the oil-tea camellia husks is the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree; Comprise in the technical scheme: the medium its preparation method that with the oil-tea camellia husks is primary raw material; The oil tea forest land at place, mushroom cultivation place is selected and cultivation bed construction method; Suitable cultivation is arranged season, toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding, cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method.
2, being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, in the technical scheme is that the medium its preparation method of primary raw material is following with the oil-tea camellia husks:
(1) oil-tea camellia husks material choice and processing: selecting for use the solids water content to be 15～18%, not having the oil-tea camellia husks that goes mouldy is raw material, and be crushed to can mistake 30～40 orders;
(2) raw material and the proportioning formed: oil-tea camellia husks 82%, wheat bran 8%, rice bran 5%, quicklime 3%, gypsum 2%, water is an amount of;
(3) raw material is mixed: oil-tea camellia husks, wheat bran, rice bran, quicklime, gypsum are mixed and be stirred into compound, more an amount of water and compound are stirred, the while is adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of compound;
(4) fermentation: compound is piled the bar stack that wide about 2 meters, high about 1 meter, length are not limit, and with the tight anaerobic fermentation that carries out of plastic foil cloth covering; When temperature in the compound is higher than 60 ℃, keeping such 3～4 days laggard windrows of temperature fermentation turns over; Hide tight continuation with Polypropylence Sheet again after heap climbs over and ferment to mixed material overstrike or pitchy, free from extraneous odour, softness of holding be flexible both to have been accomplished and ferments and must produce and use medium.
3, be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, the oil tea forest land selection at place, mushroom cultivation place and cultivation bed construction method are following in the technical scheme:
(1) the cultivation place is selected: selecting the height of tree the chances are 1.5～2 meters, the hat width of cloth is that 1～1.5 meter oil tea forest land is as the cultivation place;
(2) cultivation bed construction method: at the bottom of every strain tea oil tree, make up the cultivation bed respectively; It is clean at first will to cultivate site preparation; Sentence the periphery by 30～40cm then and prolonging the cultivation bed that dark 10～12cm, wide 60～80cm are dug in the tea oil tree strain apart from the tea oil tree strain, last in the cultivation bed and spray 2% limewash around the edge of bed and 800 times chlorophos dilution carries out sterilization and the anti-ant of desinsection.
4, with the oil-tea camellia husks be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree; Suitable cultivation is arranged in the early Febuary and the blanking sowing of two stages of early October in every year season in the technical scheme; Late March and late November begin fruiting, and these two phase temperature are suitable, and avoid rainy season; Sow to the fruiting harvest home from blanking under the normal condition and need 3～4 months.
5, with the oil-tea camellia husks method of primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree, following toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding in the technical scheme:
(1) bacterial classification is handled: subsequent use the bacterium piece of cultivating by routine, free of contamination flat mushroom strain is broken into the iblet size off with the fingers and thumb;
(2) blanking and sowing: arrange the blanking sowing in sooner or later shady and cool period and cloudy whole day; To cultivate the water of bed drenching before the blanking sowing earlier; Apply the thick production culture medium of the about 3～4cm of one deck then; And then evenly on the culture matrix charge level, broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification; Then apply the thick production of the about 3～4cm of one deck again and broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification again after with culture medium; Execute three layers of culture matrix so altogether and broadcast three layers of flat mushroom strain, the bacterial classification consumption is about to be produced with 8～10% of culture medium; The blanking sowing is accomplished to cover immediately and is gone up clean plastic sheeting; And be the pore membrane of air-vent, hole and the about 5～7cm of pitch of holes of chopsticks head size with the plastic sheeting thorn that covers all over becoming the whole body with a sterile sharp batten; On pore membrane, cover the earth that the thick thickness of 2～3cm all has again; All being that the fine earth gas permeability is poor, all is that thick soil can not the assorted bacterium of filtered air.
6, be the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks, cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method are following in the technical scheme:
(1) cultural hypha: the humidity about 50～55% that will keep the ridge-up bed earthing behind the cultivation bed earthing; The discovery soil layer is done partially and should in time gently be sprayed water branch to keep the humidity of earthing with sprayer; Check the mycelial growth situation through pushing the ridge-up bed earthing aside; Find that the discovery of ridge-up bed endoporus face has the yellow globule, at this moment should carry out management of producing mushroom timely;
(2) management of producing mushroom: have the ridge-up bed face overburden layer of the yellow globule to push aside with finding, to take away pore membrane, to cover toward the medium charge level directly again that humidity is about 50～55%, the soil layer of thick about 2cm, then whole bed surface to be covered pore membrane again; When finding that the ridge-up bed face has the small particles button; Should in time take away pore membrane, by conventional method management, mushroom piece is covered with bed surface very soon after several days; Along with mushroom growing up piece day by day; As when finding that a recess in the middle of the mushroom piece sheet has mushroom piece of white a bit, both proved that this mushroom was ripe, the list marketing of at this moment should in time gathering;
(3) middle and later periods management: when bright mushroom is gathered, adopt stay greatly little till whole ridge-up bed face mushroom piece has been gathered; Should carry out the management of second and third damp mushroom by routine more timely after the first damp mushroom is gathered and accomplishes and even manage fruiting and cross whole the end.
Claims (6)
1. with the oil-tea camellia husks method of primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree; Its characteristic comprises: the medium its preparation method that with the oil-tea camellia husks is primary raw material; The oil tea forest land at place, mushroom cultivation place is selected and cultivation bed construction method; Suitable cultivation is arranged season, toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding, cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method.
2. according to being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that with the oil-tea camellia husks being that the medium its preparation method of primary raw material is following:
(1) oil-tea camellia husks material choice and processing: selecting for use the solids water content to be 15～18%, not having the oil-tea camellia husks that goes mouldy is raw material, and be crushed to can mistake 30～40 orders;
(2) raw material and the proportioning formed: oil-tea camellia husks 82%, wheat bran 8%, rice bran 5%, quicklime 3%, gypsum 2%, water is an amount of;
(3) raw material is mixed: oil-tea camellia husks, wheat bran, rice bran, quicklime, gypsum are mixed and be stirred into compound, more an amount of water and compound are stirred, the while is adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of compound;
(4) fermentation: compound is piled the bar stack that wide about 2 meters, high about 1 meter, length are not limit, and with the tight anaerobic fermentation that carries out of plastic foil cloth covering; When temperature in the compound is higher than 60 ℃, keeping such 3～4 days laggard windrows of temperature fermentation turns over; Hide tight continuation with Polypropylence Sheet again after heap climbs over and ferment to mixed material overstrike or pitchy, free from extraneous odour, softness of holding be flexible both to have been accomplished and ferments and must produce and use medium.
3. according to being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks described in the claim 1, the oil tea forest land that it is characterized in that place, mushroom cultivation place select and cultivation bed construction method following:
(1) the cultivation place is selected: selecting the height of tree the chances are 1.5～2 meters, the hat width of cloth is that 1～1.5 meter oil tea forest land is as the cultivation place;
(2) cultivation bed construction method: at the bottom of every strain tea oil tree, make up the cultivation bed respectively; It is clean at first will to cultivate site preparation; Sentence the periphery by 30～40cm then and prolonging the cultivation bed that dark 10～12cm, wide 60～80cm are dug in the tea oil tree strain apart from the tea oil tree strain, last in the cultivation bed and spray 2% limewash around the edge of bed and 800 times chlorophos dilution carries out sterilization and the anti-ant of desinsection.
4. according to being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks described in the claim 1; It is characterized in that suitable cultivation is arranged in the early Febuary and the blanking sowing of two stages of early October in every year season; Late March and late November begin fruiting; These two phase temperature are suitable, and avoid rainy season.
5. according to being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that toward cultivation bed blanking and type of seeding following:
(1) bacterial classification is handled: subsequent use the bacterium piece of cultivating by routine, free of contamination flat mushroom strain is broken into the iblet size off with the fingers and thumb;
(2) blanking and sowing: arrange the blanking sowing in sooner or later shady and cool period and cloudy whole day; To cultivate the water of bed drenching before the blanking sowing earlier; Apply the thick production culture medium of the about 3～4cm of one deck then; And then evenly on the culture matrix charge level, broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification; Then apply the thick production of the about 3～4cm of one deck again and broadcast sowing one deck bacterial classification again after with culture medium; Execute three layers of culture matrix so altogether and broadcast three layers of flat mushroom strain, the bacterial classification consumption is about to be produced with 8～10% of culture medium; The blanking sowing is accomplished to cover immediately and is gone up clean plastic sheeting; And be the pore membrane of air-vent, hole and the about 5～7cm of pitch of holes of chopsticks head size with the plastic sheeting thorn that covers all over becoming the whole body with a sterile sharp batten; On pore membrane, cover the earth that the thick thickness of 2～3cm all has again; All being that the fine earth gas permeability is poor, all is that thick soil can not the assorted bacterium of filtered air.
6. according to being the method for primary raw material cultivating white mushroom at the bottom of tea oil tree with the oil-tea camellia husks described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom method are following:
(1) cultural hypha: the humidity about 50～55% that will keep the ridge-up bed earthing behind the cultivation bed earthing; The discovery soil layer is done partially and should in time gently be sprayed water branch to keep the humidity of earthing with sprayer; Check the mycelial growth situation through pushing the ridge-up bed earthing aside; Find that the discovery of ridge-up bed endoporus face has the yellow globule, at this moment should carry out management of producing mushroom timely;
(2) management of producing mushroom: have the ridge-up bed face overburden layer of the yellow globule to push aside with finding, to take away pore membrane, to cover toward the medium charge level directly again that humidity is about 50～55%, the soil layer of thick about 2cm, then whole bed surface to be covered pore membrane again; When finding that the ridge-up bed face has the small particles button; Should in time take away pore membrane, by conventional method management, mushroom piece is covered with bed surface very soon after several days; Along with mushroom growing up piece day by day; As when finding that a recess in the middle of the mushroom piece sheet has mushroom piece of white a bit, both proved that this mushroom was ripe, the list marketing of at this moment should in time gathering;
(3) middle and later periods management: when bright mushroom is gathered, adopt stay greatly little till whole ridge-up bed face mushroom piece has been gathered; Should carry out the management of second and third damp mushroom by routine more timely after the first damp mushroom is gathered and accomplishes and even manage fruiting and cross whole the end.
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| CN103342610A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-09 | 邬金飞 | Formula of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material and preparation method of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material |
| CN103355097A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-10-23 | 安徽光明槐祥工贸集团有限公司 | Glutinous rice flour strain cultivation method |
| CN103387447A (en) * | 2013-07-07 | 2013-11-13 | 邬金飞 | Oyster mushroom cultivation material combination and production method thereof |
| CN103396237A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-20 | 邬金飞 | Nebrodensis cultivation material compatibility and manufacturing method of cultivation material |
| CN103420712A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-12-04 | 邬金飞 | Auricularia polytricha cultivation material compatibility and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103435419A (en) * | 2013-08-17 | 2013-12-11 | 邬金飞 | Abalone mushroom cultivation material formula and manufacturing method for cultivation material |
| CN103848699A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Pleurotus cornucopiae-planting cultivation medium containing camellia oleifera shells and preparation method thereof |
| CN103848700A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Coprinus comatus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108338054A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-31 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of method that oil-tea camellia husks prepare cultivation matrix |
| CN108383648A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-08-10 | 贵州益寿农业科技有限公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof of oil-containing tea seed episperm |
| CN111909975A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-10 | 南昌大学 | Method for preparing functional oligosaccharide by microwave pretreatment oil tea fruit shell fermentation method |
| CN114175965A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-03-15 | 林建伟 | Edible fungus hole-fixing rapid fruiting method |
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