CN103342610A - Formula of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material and preparation method of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material - Google Patents
Formula of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material and preparation method of pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103342610A CN103342610A CN2013103000475A CN201310300047A CN103342610A CN 103342610 A CN103342610 A CN 103342610A CN 2013103000475 A CN2013103000475 A CN 2013103000475A CN 201310300047 A CN201310300047 A CN 201310300047A CN 103342610 A CN103342610 A CN 103342610A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material which is characterized by taking tea seed shells, tea cattail and mushroom dregs as main raw materials as well as rice bran, tea seed dregs and the like as auxiliary materials, wherein the water content of the cultivation material is within 63% to 65%. The invention further relates to a preparation method of the pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material. Compared with a sawdust cultivation material, the pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material has the advantages that 1) the cultivation material is reasonable in thickness matching, so that the permeability of the geesteranus material is good; pleurotus geesteranus mycelia are rapid to grow and short in bag-filling time; 2) all the raw materials are fermented in a natural stacking manner, namely, lignins, celluloses, hemicelluloses, pectin substances and the like in the tea seed shells and the tea cattail are decomposed into simple substances favorable for being absorbed by the pleurotus geesteranus mycelia, so that the formation of pleurotus geesteranus entity primordiums is promoted and the yield is increased by 20% to 30%; and 3) the range of the raw cultivation materials is broadened and the production cost is lowered greatly.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material compatibility, and the making method of this cultivation material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus geesteranus, the sporophore individuality is petite, and profile is beautiful, and size is more even, and quality is fine and close soft, and the stem fibrosis is low, and mouthfeel is more smooth, and unique flavor, and storage tolerance is good, is to develop rare edible mushrooms rapidly on the domestic and international market.
Pleurotus geesteranus is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, the mushroom farming all is as culturing raw material aborning with wood chip and cotton seed hulls.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction becomes increasingly conspicuous, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, and the cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Oil tea is the distinctive woody edible oil materials seeds of China, with Fructus oleae europaeae, oil palm, coconut and be called the world four big woody oleiferous plants plants.China is the country that oil tea output is the highest in the world, distribution is the widest, kind is maximum.The oil tea cultivated area of China and tea seed output account for the whole world about 95%, and all the other 5% are distributed in minority Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Spherical in shape, oblate, the olive shape of oil tea fruit, diameter 3cm-4cm, the thick and lignifying of lobe really, including seed (1-4 grain) is tea seed, and tea seed is dark brown or black, and triangular shape is glossy.After testing, tea Pu (shell) accounts for 60% in the oil tea fruit, and tea seed accounts for 40%; In the tea seed, tea seed shell (kind shell) accounts for 1/3, and tea seed kernel accounts for 2/3.The existing oil tea cultivated area in the whole nation reaches 4,000,000 hm
2Produce oil tea per year and really reach more than 560 ten thousand t, this will bring oil-tea camellia husks, the tea seed shell of more than 70 ten thousand t, the 50000 t leached tea oil slags of more than 300 ten thousand t, so huge quantity is used for the ratio of processing also not quite, and most tea Pu, tea seed shell are used as fuel and are burnt, or be dropped, the leached tea oil slag bitter all goes out of use basically, and the shell that these abandon, plants shell, dregs of rice cake after degraded, can pollute atmosphere, water source and ecotope.
Tea Pu, its moiety complexity of tea seed shell contain materials such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, crude protein and tannin (polyphenol) class.After handling through heap fermentation, owing to removed the objectionable impurities that influence the hypha of edible fungus growth, so suit the very much growth of oyster mushroom pieces of tea Pu, tea seed shell.
The bacterium slag is tankage remaining behind the edible mushroom.At present, Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom mostly are batch production production, the damp mushroom of the 1-2 that generally only gathers in the production, thereby still contain a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses, hemicellulose, xylogen, fat, amino acid, mineral substance and mycelium (including the residual body protein of abundant mycelia) and mycelial meta-bolites in the bacterium slag, on Edible Fungi, still have higher utility value.
Utilize tea Pu, tea seed shell, these tankage of bacterium slag to substitute woods material cultivation Pleurotus geesteranus, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspect contents:
1, a kind of is the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material compatibility of main raw material with tea Pu, tea seed shell, bacterium slag.
2, the making method of cultivation material.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material compatibility has following component and quality proportioning: tea seed shell bits 30%-35%, and tea Pu bits 20%-25%, bacterium slag 20%, rice bran 15%, leached tea oil slag 8%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1% all is the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits: tea seed shell dries, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm; The particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm is dried, is ground into to the tea Pu; (pile high 2m, keep windrow moistening, turning in per two months once to consider tea seed shell bits, tea Pu to be worth doing the nature heap fermentation, the composting time is more than 8 months), to eliminate wherein tannin, grease etc. to the harmful material of hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting finishes, tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits are dried, standby.Xylogen accounts for 52.10% in the tea seed shell, and carbohydrate accounts for 30.60%; Xylogen accounts for 43.35% in the tea Pu, and carbohydrate accounts for 28.36%.
The bacterium slag is tankage remaining behind Pleurotus eryngii, the needle mushroom fruiting.Crush, dry bacterium slag (removing living contaminants bacterium slag) standby.
Rice bran: be the entry material that is attached to after the rice hulling on the brown rice.Contain 12.5% crude protein and a large amount of somatomedins in the rice bran.
Leached tea oil slag: tea seed squeezes the slag that is left behind the tea oil.The robust fibre amount accounts for 9.4% in the leached tea oil slag, and crude protein quantity accounts for 25.8%.
Lime powder, terra alba: be commercially available product.Regulate, stablize cultivation material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of cultivation material comprises the steps:
1. prewet: tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits, bacterium slag siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: earlier rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, joined then in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and the water content that cultivation is expected remains on 63%-65%;
3. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, naturally cools to then below 25 ℃.
The cultivation material changes into tampon with the plastics stopper after inserting bacterial classification, then cultivating bag is emitted in the dark bacteria room, temperature control is at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention is main raw material with tea seed shell, tea Pu, bacterium slag, is aided with auxiliary materials such as rice bran, leached tea oil slag, makes Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material.Compare with the cultivation on sawdust material, its advantage is: the one, and the collocation of cultivation material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, the oyster mushroom pieces fast growth, the purseful time shortens; The 2nd, by natural heap fermentation, material decomposition such as the xylogen in tea seed shell, the tea Pu, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin substance are to be conducive to the simple material that oyster mushroom pieces absorbs, promoted the formation of Pleurotus geesteranus fruit body primordium, output improves 20%-30%; The 3rd, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material package is drawn together following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea seed shell bits 30%, and tea Pu bits 25%, bacterium slag 20%, rice bran 15%, leached tea oil slag 8%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1% all is the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. prewet: tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits, bacterium slag siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: earlier rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, joined then in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and the water content that cultivation is expected remains on 63%-65%;
3. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, naturally cools to then below 25 ℃.
The cultivation material changes into tampon with the plastics stopper after inserting bacterial classification, then cultivating bag is emitted in the dark bacteria room, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled 65%, and through the cultivation of 22d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material package is drawn together following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea seed shell bits 32%, and tea Pu bits 23%, bacterium slag 20%, rice bran 15%, leached tea oil slag 8%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1% all is the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material package is drawn together following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea seed shell bits 35%, and tea Pu bits 20%, bacterium slag 20%, rice bran 15%, leached tea oil slag 8%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1% all is the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%.
By following table as can be known: the tea seed shell bits cultivation material mycelia purseful fate of all modes shortens 6d-8d than control group, and its biology efficient is all above control level, and output improves 20%-30%.
The cultivation material of table different modes is to the influence of Pleurotus geesteranus output
Claims (9)
1. a Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: tea seed shell bits 30%-35%, tea Pu bits 20%-25%, bacterium slag 20%, rice bran 15%, leached tea oil slag 8%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1% all is the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described tea seed shell bits dry, are ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm for tea seed shell.
3. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described tea Pu bits dry, are ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm for the tea Pu.
4. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation according to claim 1 is expected, it is characterized in that described tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits, must (pile high 2m through the nature heap fermentation, keep windrow moistening, turning in per two months once, the composting time is more than 8 months), to eliminate wherein tannin, grease etc. to the harmful material of hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting finishes, tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits are dried.
5. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described bacterium slag is that needle mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii fruiting finish the remaining tankage in back.
6. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rice bran is the entry material that is attached to after the rice hulling on the brown rice.
7. Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described leached tea oil slag is that tea seed squeezes the slag that is left behind the tea oil.
8. the making method of the cultivation of the Pleurotus geesteranus described in claim 1-7 material is characterized in that:
1. prewet: tea seed shell bits, tea Pu bits, bacterium slag siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: earlier rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, joined then in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and the water content that cultivation is expected remains on 63%-65%;
3. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, naturally cools to then below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material described in the claim 1-8, after it is characterized in that inserting bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in the dark bacteria room, temperature control is at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN103497023A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste |
| CN105724056A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-06 | 河北中沃农业科技开发有限公司 | Planting technologies for pleurotus eryngii and pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN107721482A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | Culture medium of edible fungus containing tea seed episperm and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107721482A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | Culture medium of edible fungus containing tea seed episperm and preparation method thereof |
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