CN103387448B - Golden needle mushroom cultivation material combination and production method thereof - Google Patents
Golden needle mushroom cultivation material combination and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103387448B CN103387448B CN201310297682.2A CN201310297682A CN103387448B CN 103387448 B CN103387448 B CN 103387448B CN 201310297682 A CN201310297682 A CN 201310297682A CN 103387448 B CN103387448 B CN 103387448B
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Abstract
The invention provides a golden needle mushroom cultivation material, which is characterized by comprising seed shells and fruit shells of Camellia oleifera as main raw materials as well as corncobs, bran, tea seed meal, soybean powder and the like as excipients, and having a water content between 63% and 65%. The invention also provides a production method of the cultivation material. Compared with cultivation materials made of wood flour, the provided cultivation material has the following advantages: firstly, the cultivation material is a scientific combination of coarse and fine materials, so that the permeability is good for mushrooms, and thus golden needle mushroom mycelium grows fast and fills a bottle in a shorter period of time; secondly, through natural heap fermentation, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other substances in the Camellia oleifera seed shells and fruit shells are decomposed into simple substances easier for absorption by the golden needle mushroom mycelium, so that formation of fruiting body primordia of golden needle mushrooms is promoted, and the yield is improved by 35% to 40%; and thirdly, there are wider sources of raw materials for cultivation, so that production costs are reduced substantially.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Enoki mushroom cultivation material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Needle mushroom has another name called dried mushroom, because its stem shape and color and luster pole resemble Flos Hemerocallis, therefore claims needle mushroom.Needle mushroom is sliding tender delicious, nutritious, and containing 18 seed amino acids, total amino acid content is up to 20.9%, and wherein, 44.5% is again necessary 8 seed amino acids of human body, apparently higher than general mushroom class; Because Methionin and arginine content are also higher, therefore, often edible needle mushroom is also very favourable to the growth of children brain cell.
The weak wooden saprophytic microorganism of genus flammulina, has and decomposes xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Oil tea is China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, with Fructus oleae europaeae, oil palm, coconut be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four.China is the country that tea-oil tree yield is the highest, distribution is the widest, kind is maximum in the world.The oil tea cultivated area of China and tea seed output account for the whole world about 95%, and all the other 5% are distributed in minority Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Camellia oleifera fruit is spherical in shape, oblate, olive shape, diameter 3cm-4cm, and the thick and lignifying of fruit lobe, include seed (1-4 grain) i.e. tea seed, tea seed is dark brown or black, triangular shape, glossy.After testing, in camellia oleifera fruit, tea Pu (shell) accounts for 60%, and tea seed accounts for 40%; In tea seed, tea seed episperm (kind shell) accounts for 1/3, and tea seed kernel accounts for 2/3.The existing oil tea cultivated area in the whole nation reaches 4,000,000 hm
2produce camellia oleifera fruit per year and reach more than 560 ten thousand t, this will bring oil-tea camellia husks, the tea seed episperm of more than 70 ten thousand t, the 50000 t leached tea oil slags of more than 300 ten thousand t, so huge quantity, also little for the ratio of processing, most tea Pu, tea seed episperm are used as fuel and are burnt, or be dropped, leached tea oil slag bitter all goes out of use substantially, and the shell that these abandon, kind shell, dregs of rice cake are after degradation, can pollute air, water source and ecotope.
Tea Pu, its moiety complexity of tea seed episperm, containing materials such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, crude protein and tannin (polyphenol) classes.After heap fermentation process, not only can eliminate the objectionable impurities (tannin etc.) affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, be also softened because of wooden after fermenting, quality becomes loose, therefore the growth of very suitable Flammulina velutipes mycelium.
Utilize tea Pu, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating flammulina velutipes of tea seed episperm, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Enoki mushroom cultivation material compatibility that is raw material with tea Pu, tea seed episperm.
2, the making method of planting material.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Enoki mushroom cultivation material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 28%-32%, tea Pu bits 18%-22%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 5%, soyflour 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits: tea seed episperm dries, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm; Tea Pu is dried, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm; Tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits (are piled high 2m through natural packing fermentation, keep windrow moistening, turning in every two months once, more than 8 months composting time), with the material that the tannin, grease etc. eliminated wherein are harmful to hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting terminates, tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are dried, for subsequent use.In tea seed episperm, xylogen accounts for 52.10%, and carbohydrate accounts for 30.60%; In tea Pu, xylogen accounts for 43.35%, and carbohydrate accounts for 28.36%.
Corn cob: through drying, being ground into the particle of corn grain size, for subsequent use.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Leached tea oil slag: the slag that tea seed is remaining after squeezing tea oil.In leached tea oil slag, robust fibre amount accounts for 9.4%, and crude protein quantity accounts for 25.8%.
Soyflour: as available nutrient, promotes that mycelia grows fast, can be again Growth of Flammulina Velutipes and provide vitamin H etc.
Lime powder, light calcium carbonate: be commercially available product.Regulate, stablize planting material potential of hydrogen.
Sucrose: supplementing as needle mushroom Initial stage of culture carbon source, also can induce the generation of extracellular enzyme simultaneously, accelerate the utilization to raw materials such as robust fibre.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. prewet: tea seed episperm is considered to be worth doing, tea Pu bits, corn cob siccative mixes thoroughly, to prewet 2h with liming (lime powder is dissolved in water), make the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: first wheat bran, leached tea oil slag, soyflour, light calcium carbonate siccative are mixed thoroughly, then join in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add aqueous sucrose solution, limit edged is mixed, and stirs, makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 78mmPP Plastic Bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
4. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, and culture temperature controls at 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, and humid control is at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, leached tea oil slag, soyflour with tea seed episperm, tea Pu, makes Enoki mushroom cultivation material.Compared with wood dust culture material, its advantage is: one is that the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, Flammulina velutipes mycelium fast growth, full bottle time shorten; Two is fermented by natural packing, the material decomposition such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin substance in tea seed episperm, tea Pu is the simple material being conducive to Flammulina velutipes mycelium absorption, facilitate the formation of needle mushroom fruit body primordium, output increased 35%-40%; Three is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Enoki mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 28%, tea Pu bits 22%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 5%, soyflour 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. prewet: tea seed episperm is considered to be worth doing, tea Pu bits, corn cob siccative mixes thoroughly, to prewet 2h with liming (lime powder is dissolved in water), make the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: first wheat bran, leached tea oil slag, soyflour, light calcium carbonate siccative are mixed thoroughly, then join in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add aqueous sucrose solution, limit edged is mixed, and stirs, makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 78mmPP Plastic Bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
4. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing;
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, and culture temperature controls at 20 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Enoki mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 30%, tea Pu bits 20%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 5%, soyflour 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Enoki mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 32%, tea Pu bits 18%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 5%, soyflour 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.
From following table, tea seed episperm bits, the full bottle number of days of tea Pu bits planting material mycelia of mode used shorten 5d-6d than control group, and its biological efficiency all exceedes control level, output increased 35%-40%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of yield of flammulina velutipes
Claims (5)
1. an Enoki mushroom cultivation material, is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: tea seed episperm bits 28%-32%, tea Pu bits 18%-22%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 5%, soyflour 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
(2) tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits: tea seed episperm bits dry, are ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm for tea seed episperm, tea Pu is considered to be worth doing as the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm is dried, is ground into tea Pu; Tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits have to pass through natural packing fermentation, pile high 2m, keep windrow moistening, once, more than 8 months composting time, to eliminate tannin wherein, material that grease is harmful to hypha of edible fungus growth in turning in every two months, after composting terminates, tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are dried;
(3) making method of planting material:
1. prewet: first tea seed episperm is considered to be worth doing, tea Pu is considered to be worth doing, corn cob siccative is mixed thoroughly, then is dissolved in water by lime powder, then admix in material the 2h that prewets, make the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: first wheat bran, leached tea oil slag, soyflour, light calcium carbonate siccative are mixed thoroughly, then join in the compound of having prewetted, then slowly add aqueous sucrose solution, limit edged is mixed, and stirs, makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 78mmPP Plastic Bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, planting aperture, bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
4. sterilizing, cooling: planting material is carried out autoclaving, first sterilizing 1h at 100 DEG C, then rises to 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h, naturally cools to less than 25 DEG C after sterilizing.
2. Enoki mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is through drying, being ground into the particle of corn grain size.
3. Enoki mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
4. Enoki mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described leached tea oil slag is slag remaining after tea seed squeezes tea oil.
5. Enoki mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, culture temperature controls at 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104072286A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-10-01 | 上海百茸食用菌有限公司 | Culture medium used for liquefying needle mushroom culture |
| CN103739361B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-03-16 | 凤台县千秋食用菌有限公司 | A kind of Enoki mushroom cultivation material containing tea seed episperm and preparation method thereof |
| CN105016853A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-04 | 何金霞 | Needle mushroom medium and method using medium to cultivate needle mushroom |
| CN105123258A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 古田县福泉鑫食用菌有限责任公司 | Inoculation method for hypsizygus marmoreus |
| CN105198653A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2015-12-30 | 潘发全 | Cultivating material for oyster mushrooms and preparation method of cultivating material |
| CN106187376A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 赖卫华 | A kind of needle mushroom compost |
| CN106613345A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of needle mushroom |
| CN109422570A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-03-05 | 祁海杰 | A kind of production method of Enoki mushroom cultivation material compatibility and this culture material |
| CN107459399A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-12 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | A kind of asparagus high moisturizing cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107500874A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | A kind of golden mushroom plantation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721482A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | Culture medium of edible fungus containing tea seed episperm and preparation method thereof |
| CN107980478A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-05-04 | 沈月停 | A kind of needle mushroom compost of high biological transformation ratio and preparation method thereof |
| CN109275493A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-01-29 | 扶风绿保农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of dried mushroom base-material production method |
| CN113455282A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-01 | 韶关市玉蕈菌业有限公司 | Industrial culture medium with tea seed shells as main raw materials and method for cultivating white beech mushroom, hypsizygus marmoreus and flammulina velutipes |
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