CN103360179B - Formula and manufacturing method for pholiota nameko cultivation material - Google Patents
Formula and manufacturing method for pholiota nameko cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103360179B CN103360179B CN201310335932.7A CN201310335932A CN103360179B CN 103360179 B CN103360179 B CN 103360179B CN 201310335932 A CN201310335932 A CN 201310335932A CN 103360179 B CN103360179 B CN 103360179B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a formula for a pholiota nameko cultivation material. The cultivation material is characterized in that tea seed hull and tea fruit shuck are used as main raw materials, bagasse, rice bran, corn flour, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials, and water content in the cultivation material is 63 to 65%. The invention also provides a manufacturing method for the pholiota nameko cultivation material. Compared with a sawdust cultivation material, the pholiota nameko cultivation material provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1, coarse and fine raw materials of the cultivation material are reasonably collocated, so air permeability and water holding capacity of the cultivation material are improved, the mycelial growth speed of pholiota nameko is accelerated, and time for obtaining a pocketful of pholiota nameko is shortened; 2, through natural piling fermentation, substances like lignin, cellulose, semi-cellulose and pectin in the tea seed hull and the tea fruit shuck are decomposed into simple substances which can be easily absorbed by pholiota nameko, so formation of the sporocarp primordium of pholiota nameko is promoted, the quantity of effective pholiota nameko is increased, and the output of pholiota nameko is increased by 25 to 35%; and 3, the sources of the cultivation raw materials are broadened, production cost is reduced, and the formula and the manufacturing method are suitable for being popularized and applied in an oil tea producing area.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises pholiota nameko cultivation material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Sliding mushroom has another name called HUAZIGU, its matter is tender delicious, nutritious, according to analysis, the dry mushroom of every 100g is containing crude protein 33.76g, pure protein 15.13g, fatty 4.05g, total reducing sugar 38.89g, Mierocrystalline cellulose 14.23g, ash content 8.99g, the slime layer of its mushroom cap surface is rich in mucopolysaccharide, has Tumor suppression, constitutional effect, and sliding mushroom is all good edible mushrooms of a kind of inside and outside quality.
China is the main production and consumption big country of sliding mushroom, and output occupies first place in the world.The culturing raw material of sliding mushroom is based on hardwood wood chip and cotton seed hulls, but due to the shortage of hardwood wood chip and the continuous rise of cotton seed hulls price, cause the limited situation of extensive cultivation generally to occur, therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Oil tea is China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, with Fructus oleae europaeae, oil palm, coconut be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four.China is the country that tea-oil tree yield is the highest, distribution is the widest, kind is maximum in the world.The oil tea cultivated area of China and tea seed output account for the whole world about 95%, and all the other 5% are distributed in minority Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Camellia oleifera fruit is spherical in shape, oblate, olive shape, diameter 3cm-4cm, and the thick and lignifying of fruit lobe, include seed (1-4 grain) i.e. tea seed, tea seed is dark brown or black, triangular shape, glossy.After testing, in camellia oleifera fruit, tea Pu (shell) accounts for 60%, and tea seed accounts for 40%; In tea seed, tea seed episperm (kind shell) accounts for 1/3, and tea seed kernel accounts for 2/3.The existing oil tea cultivated area in the whole nation reaches 4,000,000 hm
2produce camellia oleifera fruit per year and reach more than 560 ten thousand t, this will bring oil-tea camellia husks, the tea seed episperm of more than 70 ten thousand t, the 50000 t leached tea oil slags of more than 300 ten thousand t, so huge quantity, also little for the ratio of processing, most tea Pu, tea seed episperm are used as fuel and are burnt, or be dropped, leached tea oil slag bitter all goes out of use substantially, and the shell that these abandon, kind shell, dregs of rice cake are after degradation, can pollute air, water source and ecotope.
Tea seed episperm, its moiety of tea Pu are complicated, containing materials such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, crude protein and tannin (polyphenol) classes.Tea seed episperm, tea Pu, after heap fermentation process, owing to eliminating the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, are therefore suitable for the growth of sliding mushroom very much.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material compatibility that is main raw material with tea seed episperm, tea Pu
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 35%-45%, tea Pu bits 15%-25%, bagasse 15%-25%, rice bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits: tea seed episperm dries, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm; Tea Pu is dried, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm; Tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits (are piled high 2m through natural packing fermentation, keep windrow moistening, turning in every two months once, more than 8 months composting time), with the material that the tannin, grease etc. eliminated wherein are harmful to hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting terminates, tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are dried, for subsequent use.In tea seed episperm, xylogen accounts for 52.10%, and carbohydrate accounts for 30.60%; In tea Pu, xylogen accounts for 43.35%, and carbohydrate accounts for 28.36%.
Bagasse: the waste residue that sugarcane is remaining after squeezing sugar, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is the Mierocrystalline cellulose of about 50%, the hemicellulose of 30%, the xylogen of 15% and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Rice bran: be by product when essence grinds rice after rice hulling is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8% containing protein 12%-18%, nitrogen-free extract in rice bran, in addition, and also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Semen Maydis powder: as available nutrient, promotes that mycelia grows fast, can be again the growth of sliding mushroom and provides vitamin H etc.
Lime powder, terra alba: the potential of hydrogen regulating, cushion culture material.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the culture material often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 8h-10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder, terra alba with tea seed episperm, tea Pu, makes pholiota nameko cultivation material.Compared with wood dust culture material, its advantage is: one is that the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, improves ventilation property and the retentiveness of culture material, sliding mushroom mycelial growth rate is accelerated, purseful time shorten; Two is fermented by natural packing, the material decomposition such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin substance in tea seed episperm, tea Pu is the simple material being conducive to sliding mushroom mycelia absorption, facilitate the formation of the former base of sliding massee fruiting bodies, make effective mushroom increasing number, output increased 25%-35%; Three is widened culturing raw material channel, reduces production cost, is adapted at oil tea producing region and applies.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 37%, tea Pu bits 18%, bagasse 25%, rice bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 2m, length 5m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 4 times, time remaining 6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 8h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 23d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 40%, tea Pu bits 20%, bagasse 20%, rice bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, pholiota nameko cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: tea seed episperm bits 43%, tea Pu bits 22%, bagasse 15%, rice bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%.
From following table, tea seed episperm, the tea Pu planting material mycelia purseful number of days of mode used shorten 3d-5d than control group, and its biological efficiency all exceedes control level, output increased 25%-35%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of sliding mushroom output
Claims (3)
1. a pholiota nameko cultivation material, is characterized in that:
1. prepare burden: tea seed episperm bits 35%-45%, tea Pu bits 15%-25%, bagasse 15%-25%, rice bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. tea seed episperm bits: for tea seed episperm dries, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm;
3. tea Pu bits: for the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm is dried, is ground into tea Pu;
4. tea seed episperm bits, the pre-treatment of tea Pu bits: ferment through natural packing, pile high 2m, keep windrow moistening, turning in every two months once, more than 8 months composting time, with the material that elimination tannin wherein, grease are harmful to hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting terminates, tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are dried;
5. bagasse: be waste residue remaining after sugarcane squeezing sugar, the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
2. the making method of a kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first tea seed episperm bits, tea Pu bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the culture material often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds bagasse, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 8h-10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
3. the making method of a kind of pholiota nameko cultivation material according to claim 2, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 23d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103497028B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-03-25 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing pholiota nameko cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste |
| CN103524191B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-01-07 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing |
| CN103497027B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-11-19 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing hericium erinaceus cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste |
| CN103524190B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-02-11 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing russule cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing |
| CN103641556B (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing pholiota nameko culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN104557320A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104604529A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
| CN104725125A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725124A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725123A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725130A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-06-24 | 邬金梅 | Method for preparing auricularia polytricha cultivation material |
| CN104744135A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Preparation method of auricularia polytricha cultivation material |
| CN104774082A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774081A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104737793A (en) * | 2015-03-15 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for pholiota nameko |
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| CN1363207A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2002-08-14 | 赵忠阳 | Prescription for culture of mushroom by fermentation with raw materials and culturing method thereof |
| CN1745617B (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2010-06-16 | 黄永红 | Tea mushroom cultivation with non-broken tea seed shells |
| CN101575232A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-11 | 吴继高 | Preparation method of nameko nutriments |
| CN102020502A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-04-20 | 吴继高 | Matched nourishment of phaliota nameko |
| CN102428833B (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-05-01 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating black fungus by Camellia oleifera Po |
| CN102557799B (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-12-11 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Special culture material formula capable of remarkably improving content of various amino acids in dictyophora fruit body and cultivation method |
| CN102771338A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-14 | 湖北华饴木本油脂有限公司 | Oil tea tree seedling culture medium |
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