CN103524191B - Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing - Google Patents
Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103524191B CN103524191B CN201310505724.7A CN201310505724A CN103524191B CN 103524191 B CN103524191 B CN 103524191B CN 201310505724 A CN201310505724 A CN 201310505724A CN 103524191 B CN103524191 B CN 103524191B
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Abstract
The invention provides an abalone mushroom cultivating material. The abalone mushroom cultivating material is characterized by using Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips as main raw materials and corncobs, bran, corn powder, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliary materials. The water content of the cultivating material is 63-65%. The invention also provides a preparation method of the cultivating material. The abalone mushroom cultivating material and the preparation method have the advantages that I. through exposure to the sun, secondary fermentation or stacking and ageing treatment of the Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips, not only are toxic antibacterial substances degraded but also macromolecular substances such as lignin, celluloses and the like are decomposed into simple substances beneficial to absorption of abalone mushroom mycelia and growth of the abalone mushroom mycelia is promoted; II. the cultivating material is reasonable in proportioning, and the fungus material has good air permeability, strong water retentivity, good abalone mushroom growth vigor and high yield and has biological efficiency of 96.8-112.3%; III. not only is a solution provided for harmless treatment of Chinese walnut branches, peels and husks but also a new matrix is found for abalone mushroom cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Pleurotus abalonus planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus abalonus has another name called Taiwan flat mushroom, Hei Baoer, is subordinate to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, pleurotus, is a kind of rare mushroom kind.Pleurotus abalonus bacterial context is plump, stem is sturdy, tender and crisp good to eat, rich in proteins, amino acid, polysaccharide etc., and wherein Pleurotus abalonus polysaccharide is the important biologically active substance of a class, is called as " biological response modifier (BRMs) " or immunostimulant in the world.BRMs, by stimulating immune system, regulates the biological respinse of human body, is expected to the object reaching treatment various diseases, therefore cultivates Pleurotus abalonus and has market development prospect.
Pleurotus abalonus belongs to high temperature modification wood-decay fungi, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has more than 500 year so far, be mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui two province have a common boundary temmoku mountain area around, be located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area about 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, annual production more than 20,000 ton.
Produce Semen Caryae Cathayensis and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune the branch enormous amount fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden; Two is pecan shell (being made up of exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and every output 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, just have the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some is shelled, and (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area also woods after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and do not go back the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption is also all too limited, and therefore a large amount of pecan shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; Three is Semen Caryae Cathayensis shells, i.e. Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer is formed.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, these shell major part enterprises it can be used as waste to process, and both increase production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Pecan shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen about 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin about 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%.These components above, can provide required carbon source for Pleurotus abalonus grows.But because this three classes waste is also containing the material such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Pleurotus abalonus mycelia, therefore for utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell to cultivate Pleurotus abalonus, key to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of shell cultivation Pleurotus abalonus, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material compatibility that is main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 15%-21%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 1.5m-2m, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in turning in every 2 months.
Pu shell bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 2m-3m, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in every 20d turning.
Shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, for subsequent use.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Semen Maydis powder: as available nutrient, for Pleurotus abalonus growth provides vitamin H etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increases calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Pleurotus abalonus planting material.Its advantage is: one is Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both poisonous bacteriostatics had been degraded, the simple material making again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into be conducive to Pleurotus abalonus mycelia to absorb, facilitates the growth of Pleurotus abalonus mycelia; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and Pleurotus abalonus growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 96.8%-112.3%; Three be not only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for Pleurotus abalonus cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 15%, shell bits 35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, humid control 65%, through the cultivation of 34d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 112.3%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 18%, shell bits 30%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 105.2%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 21%, shell bits 25%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 96.8%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of Pleurotus abalonus biological efficiency
Claims (2)
1. a Pleurotus abalonus planting material, is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 15%-21%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
(2) Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell is considered to be worth doing: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch fallen in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, Pu shell bits are pecan shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered to be worth doing, Pu shell is considered to be worth doing, have to pass through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, Bian Dui limit is answered to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening at ordinary times, bits grain water content reaches capacity, the turning in every two months of Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits once, composting time remaining 1 year, Pu shell considers every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect for subsequent use,
(3) shell bits: shell bits for Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, are then deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year is for subsequent use;
(4) making method of planting material:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
2. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is the cob after corn threshing, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
3. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
4. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
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| CN201310505724.7A CN103524191B (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-24 | Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing |
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| CN104054512A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso annulata through pecan shells |
| CN104584876A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom cultivation method |
| CN104823700A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Abalone mushroom and ganoderma lucidum composite bonsai cultivation method |
| CN115517142A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-27 | 西南林业大学 | Alternative planting method for gastrodia elata |
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| CN100408521C (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-08-06 | 西南林学院 | Method of cultivating edible fungus using walnut shell as base material |
| CN102187785B (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-22 | 洛阳佳嘉乐农业产品开发有限公司 | Method for culturing pleurotus eryngii |
| CN102754565A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2012-10-31 | 临安山川可可食用菌专业合作社 | Mushroom cultivation method by taking pecan rush shells as main culture medium raw material |
| CN103360179B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-12-24 | 邬金飞 | Formula and manufacturing method for pholiota nameko cultivation material |
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