CN103508812B - Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material - Google Patents
Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103508812B CN103508812B CN201310485025.0A CN201310485025A CN103508812B CN 103508812 B CN103508812 B CN 103508812B CN 201310485025 A CN201310485025 A CN 201310485025A CN 103508812 B CN103508812 B CN 103508812B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oyster mushroom cultivation material. The cultivation material is characterized by using hickory branch chips, nutshell chips and husk chips as main raw materials, and using mushroom dreg, bran, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliaries, wherein the water content is 63-65%. The invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the cultivation material. The manufacturing method and the cultivation material have the following advantages: 1, the hickory branch chips, the nutshell chips and the husk chips are insolated by sunshine, secondarily fermented or piled up to be aged, so that the toxic bacteriostats are degraded, and the macromolecular substances such as lignin and cellulose are decomposed to simple substances which are beneficial to absorb by oyster mushroom hypha, and the growth of the oyster mushroom hypha can be promoted; 2, the cultivation material proportion is reasonable, the bacterial material is good in breathability, the water-retaining property is strong, the effective mushroom quantity is large, the yield is high, and the biological efficiency is up to 130.3-142.6%; 3, the preparation method provides a solution for innocent treatment of hickory branch, nutshell and husk, and provides a new substrate for cultivating the oyster mushroom.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has more than 500 year so far, be mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui two province have a common boundary temmoku mountain area around, be located in north latitude 29 °-31 °, east longitude 118 °-120 °, total cultivated area about 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, annual production more than 20,000 ton.
Produce Semen Caryae Cathayensis and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune the branch enormous amount fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden; Two is pecan shell (being made up of exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and every output 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, just have the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some is shelled, and (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area also woods after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and do not go back the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption is also all too limited, and therefore a large amount of pecan shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; Three is Semen Caryae Cathayensis shells, i.e. Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer is formed.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, these shell major part enterprises it can be used as waste to process, and both increase production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Pecan shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen about 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin about 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source.But because this three classes waste is also containing the material such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, and therefore for utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell culturing edible fungus, key to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Flat mushroom is a kind of wooden saprophytic mushroom, has very strong decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability.In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating white mushrooms of shell, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility that is main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 35%-45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 1.5m-2m, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in turning in every 2 months.
Pu shell bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 2m-3m, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in every 20d turning.
Shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bacterium slag: for Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom fruiting terminate rear remaining tankage, dries after being pulverized by bacterium slag (removing the bacterium slag of living contaminants).At present, Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom mostly are factorial praluction, in production, general 1-2 tide mushroom of only gathering, thus still contains a large amount of Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, fat, amino acid, mineral substance and mycelium (including the residual body protein of abundant mycelia) and mycelial meta-bolites in bacterium slag.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increases calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba when third time turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, and planting material is after heat radiation, can directly spread furrow, sowing, carry out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material.Its advantage is: one is Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both poisonous bacteriostatics had been degraded, the simple material making again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into be conducive to hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus to absorb, facilitates the growth of hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and effective mushroom quantity is many, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 130.3%-142.6%; Three be not only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for mushroom cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 17%, shell bits 45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 4 times, time remaining 6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 65%.
Planting material, after heat radiation, directly spreads furrow, sowing, carries out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 142.6%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 40%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 135.5%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 23%, shell bits 35%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of flat mushroom reaches 130.3%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of flat mushroom biological efficiency
Unit: %
| Mode | Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered to be worth doing | Pu shell is considered to be worth doing | Shell is considered to be worth doing | Bacterium slag | Wheat bran | Calcium superphosphate | Terra alba | Biological efficiency |
| 1 | 8 | 17 | 45 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 142.6 |
| 2 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 135.5 |
| 3 | 12 | 23 | 35 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 130.3 |
Claims (4)
1. a Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 17%-23%, shell bits 35%-45%, bacterium slag 15%, wheat bran 12%, calcium superphosphate 2%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
(2) Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell is considered to be worth doing: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch fallen in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, Pu shell bits are pecan shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered to be worth doing, Pu shell bits have to pass through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, Bian Dui limit is answered to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening at ordinary times, bits grain water content reaches capacity, the turning in every two months of Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits once, composting time remaining 1 year, Pu shell considers every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect for subsequent use,
(3) shell bits: be Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be then deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year is for subsequent use;
(4) making method of planting material:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with water thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds bacterium slag, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.
2. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bacterium slag is Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom fruiting terminates rear remaining tankage, for subsequent use by drying after broken for the bacterium ground-slag be not bacterial contamination.
3. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
4. a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that made planting material is after heat radiation, can directly spread furrow, sowing, carries out routinely sending out bacterium, management of producing mushroom.
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| CN201310485025.0A CN103508812B (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2013-10-08 | Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material |
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| CN201310485025.0A CN103508812B (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2013-10-08 | Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare oyster mushroom cultivation material |
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| CN103508812B true CN103508812B (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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| CN104488562A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method for pleurotus eryngii |
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| CN106305137A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 山东福禾菌业科技有限公司 | Process for producing pink oyster mushrooms by utilizing fungi residues |
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| CN110313347A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-11 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | Oyster mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof containing walnut beta pruning sawdust |
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