CN104737806A - Lentinus edodes cultivation method - Google Patents
Lentinus edodes cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737806A CN104737806A CN201510122000.3A CN201510122000A CN104737806A CN 104737806 A CN104737806 A CN 104737806A CN 201510122000 A CN201510122000 A CN 201510122000A CN 104737806 A CN104737806 A CN 104737806A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lentinus edodes cultivation method which is the technology for applying lentinus edodes stems and roots in lentinus edodes cultivation. Compared with the prior art, the lentinus edodes cultivation method has the advantages that soaked materials of the lentinus edodes stems and roots and cultivation raw materials are stirred for stacking fermentation, beneficial microorganism reproduction is facilitated, the microbial flora in the materials is improved, and catalytic decomposition of the cultivation materials is accelerated; the fermented cultivation materials have high-activity beneficial bacteria and active metabolites thereof, growth of lentinus edodes mycelia is facilitated, particularly, mycelia grow exuberantly, and infectious microbe resistance is high; after the second tide of lentinus edodes and the third tide of lentinus edodes are harvested, the effect of rejuvenating the mycelia through lentinus edodes stem leachate is good, lentinus edodes primordium forming and sporocarp growth are facilitated, and the biological conversion efficiency of the third tide of lentinus edodes and the fourth tide of lentinus edodes is high; labor, coal and other resources are saved, environmental pollution is reduced, and the thelentinus edodes cultivation method accords with the low-carbon environmental protection concept.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention, is the technology be applied to by mushroom tang in cultivating champignon, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Mushroom is second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, not only ranks on straw mushroom, flat mushroom, white mushroom, and have the reputation of " fungi queen ".
The traditional cultivation method of mushroom is cured material bag-cultured, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes biological transformation ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention's mushroom tang soaks expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the mushroom quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: bagasse 36-44%, wood chip 32-40%, soya-bean cake 14-16%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 3-4%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described bagasse powder is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described wood chip is the broad-leaved tree weed tree sawdust of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment, make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5-7kg, with rejuvenation mycelia; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for cultivating champignon by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, soak with mushroom tang and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of mushroom mycelium;
3., after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of the former base of mushroom and the growth of fruit body, the biological transformation ratio of third and fourth damp mushroom is high;
4. save the resource such as manpower, coal, decrease environmental pollution, meet low-carbon environment-friendly theory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 40%, wood chip 36%, soya-bean cake 15%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse through prewetting, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 7kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 71.8%, and total biological efficiency reaches 151.6%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 40%, wood chip 36%, soya-bean cake 15%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse through prewetting, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 7kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 50.7%, and total biological efficiency is 130.5%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 40%, wood chip 36%, soya-bean cake 15%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the bagasse through prewetting, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 7kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 66.5%, and total biological efficiency reaches 146.2%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 40%, wood chip 36%, soya-bean cake 15%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the bagasse through prewetting, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 7kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 47.5%, and total biological efficiency is 127.2%.
table one mushroom biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of mushroom mycelium, and third and fourth damp mushroom biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: bagasse 36-44%, wood chip 32-40%, soya-bean cake 14-16%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 3-4%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described bagasse powder is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described wood chip is the broad-leaved tree weed tree sawdust of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment, make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse, wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5-7kg; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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Application publication date: 20150701 |