CN104541995A - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
Mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541995A CN104541995A CN201510063046.2A CN201510063046A CN104541995A CN 104541995 A CN104541995 A CN 104541995A CN 201510063046 A CN201510063046 A CN 201510063046A CN 104541995 A CN104541995 A CN 104541995A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mushroom cultivation method which is a technology of applying mushroom stem to mushroom cultivation. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that (I) a mushroom stem soaking material and a cultivation raw material are mixed and stacked for fermentation so as to promote the propagation of beneficial microorganisms, improve the microbial flora in the materials and accelerate the catalytic decomposition of the cultivation material; (II) the fermented cultivation material has high-activity beneficial bacteria and active metabolites thereof and realizes an enhancing effect on the growth of mushroom hyphae, wherein the enhancing effect is reflected by vigorous hypha growth and strong resistance to infectious microbes; (III) after the second batch and third batch of mushrooms are harvested, the hypha rejuvenation effect of the mushroom stem leachate is good, and the formation of mushroom bases and the growth of fruit bodies are promoted; (IV) the biotransformation rate of the four batches of mushrooms is high; and (V) resources such as manpower and coal are saved, environmental pollution is reduced, and thus the method conforms to the concept of low carbon and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention, is the technology be applied to by mushroom tang in cultivating champignon, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Mushroom is second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, not only ranks on straw mushroom, flat mushroom, white mushroom, and have the reputation of " fungi queen ".
The traditional cultivation method of mushroom is cured material bag-cultured, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes planting material conversion ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention adds the immersion of mushroom tang and expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the mushroom quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: wood chip 70-74%, soya-bean cake 18-22%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described wood chip is the broad-leaved tree weed tree sawdust of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment, make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5-7kg, with rejuvenation mycelia; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for cultivating champignon by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, add and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment with the immersion of mushroom tang, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of mushroom mycelium;
3., after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of the former base of mushroom and the growth of fruit body, the biological transformation ratio of third and fourth damp mushroom is high;
4. save the resource such as manpower, coal, decrease environmental pollution, meet low-carbon environment-friendly theory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: wood chip 72%, soya-bean cake 20%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in wood chip through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 7kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 78.5%, and total biological efficiency reaches 164.2%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: wood chip 72%, soya-bean cake 20%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in wood chip through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 7kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 56.6%, and total biological efficiency is 142.3%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: wood chip 72%, soya-bean cake 20%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the wood chip through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 7kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 73.1%, and total biological efficiency reaches 155.6%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: wood chip 72%, soya-bean cake 20%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the wood chip through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented is after heat radiation, and be directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and send out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
5. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 7kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 54.2%, and total biological efficiency is 136.7%.
table one
mushroom biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of mushroom mycelium, and third and fourth damp mushroom biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a method for cultivating mushroom, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, annesl, management of producing mushroom, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: wood chip 70-74%, soya-bean cake 18-22%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described wood chip is the broad-leaved tree weed tree sawdust of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment, make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in wood chip, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, cover the sandy loam that 1cm is thick, moisturizing annesl enters management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 5-7kg, with rejuvenation mycelia; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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| CN201510063046.2A CN104541995A (en) | 2015-02-08 | 2015-02-08 | Mushroom cultivation method |
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| CN201510063046.2A CN104541995A (en) | 2015-02-08 | 2015-02-08 | Mushroom cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855138A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 朱峰 | Soil-cover culturing method for mushrooms |
| CN105027965A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-11-11 | 临汾市尧都区仓禀实香菇种植专业合作社 | Management method for mushrooms in fruiting period |
| CN109952911A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-02 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of mushroom pseudo-wild cultivating method under needle sociales Vegetation condition |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855138A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 朱峰 | Soil-cover culturing method for mushrooms |
| CN105027965A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-11-11 | 临汾市尧都区仓禀实香菇种植专业合作社 | Management method for mushrooms in fruiting period |
| CN109952911A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-02 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of mushroom pseudo-wild cultivating method under needle sociales Vegetation condition |
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