CN101889522A - Method for planting pleurotus ostreatus by using shitake mushroom dregs - Google Patents
Method for planting pleurotus ostreatus by using shitake mushroom dregs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel shitake mushroom dreg comprehensive utilization method. The method adopts a formula which comprises 60 to 70 percent of shitake mushroom dregs, 25 to 30 percent of cottonseed hull or corncob, 5 to 10 percent of bran, 0.1 percent of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2 percent of plaster and 0.2 percent of quicklime, wherein the shitake mushroom dregs are used as the main material and a small amount of the cottonseed hull or corncob is added into the main material; and the proper amount of bran, dipotassium phosphate, plaster and quicklime are added as auxiliary materials. The method comprises the following steps of: completely and uniformly blending the mixed materials, adjusting the moisture content to 60 to 63 percent and regulating pH to about 6.5, filling the mixed materials into bags, performing sterilization, cooling the sterilized bags, and inoculating a pleurotus ostreatus strain into the bags; culturing the pleurotus ostreatus for 35 to 40 days at the temperature of between 20 and 25 DEG C, and performing pleurotus ostreatus picking management after hyphae grow fully in the culturing bags, wherein the pleurotus ostreatus can be picked for 3 to 4 times. The method of the invention can realize the recycling of the shitake mushroom dregs, effectively reduce environmental pollution caused by the shitake mushroom dregs and reduce the production cost of the pleurotus ostreatus at the same time; the biological yield can reach about 80 percent; and the method is applicable to areas where the shitake mushroom is cultivated in sawdust bags.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural by-products recycle utilization field, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing mushroom bacterium slag to plant elegant precious mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom [Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing] claims mushroom, fragrant letter, dried mushroom etc. again, belongs to Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Lentinus in classification.Have the fragrance uniqueness, the characteristics of mouthfeel delicacy contain the nutriment (amino acid, vitamin etc.) and the medicinal ingredient (lentinan) of multiple beneficial health in the mushroom, and its nutritive value and medical value are all higher.China sings the praises of mushroom and is " mountain delicacy ", and the U.S. then praises it for " God's food ", and is popular to people deeply.Mushroom is the second largest class edible mushroom that is only second to agaricus bisporus in the world.
Zhejiang Province's Longquan City of China, scape Ning County, area, boundary, three cities and counties, Qingyuan County is the cradle of artificial cultivation mushroom the earliest, the world.So far, the history of existing more than the 800 year mushroom culture of China is that mushroom is produced first big country in the world, produces the mushroom total amount per year and accounts for about 80% of world's mushroom gross yield.The gross output value of mushroom plant husbandry in recent years surpasses more than 110 hundred million yuan, and profit surpasses more than 50 hundred million yuan, becomes one of important channel of farmer richness.
The cultivating champignon mode has linden and substituting stuff cultivation, based on the wood chip substituting stuff cultivation.The shiitake cultivation bag of the annual plantation of China reaches about 1,500,000,000 bags, and the mushroom bacterium slag (waste material) of generation is near 1,000,000,000 kg.In mushroom bacterium slag, mushroom bacterium slag resource is handled and utilized to nutrients such as still residual more lignin, cellulose how therefore effectively and reasonably, is the important topic of China's mushroom industry sustainable development, also is a difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
Elegant precious mushroom (Pleurotus geesteranus) claims that again handle is picked up the ears, white handle is picked up the ears, in classification, belong to Eumycota, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae Pleurotus, " elegant precious mushroom " then gains the name in China Taiwan, is the very high rare edible mushroom of a kind of nutritive value.According to surveying and determination, contain protein 3.65%～3.88%, crude fat 1.13%～1.18%, reducing sugar 0.87%～1.80%, sugar 23.94%～34.87%, lignin 2.64%, cellulose 12.85% in the bright mushroom of elegant precious mushroom.In addition, elegant precious mushroom contains 17 seed amino acids, comprises threonine, lysine, leucine of needed by human etc.Its fruit body meat is tender and crisp, tasty, has unique local flavor, is described as " monosodium glutamate mushroom ".
Elegant precious mushroom wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, culturing raw material is wide, and its main culturing raw material comprises wood chip, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, corncob and beanstalk etc.Along with the development of mushroom industry, the cost of raw material rises steadily, and by 1000 yuan of/ton 1500 yuan/ton of rising to 2010 in 2007, the increase of cost was restricting the fast development of mushroom industry to the cotton seed hulls price to a certain extent.And mushroom bacterium slag is residual more rich nutrient component arranged, measure by analysis, contain crude protein 7.8%～8.67%, total reducing sugar 10.3%～19.0%, crude fat 0.62%～2.48%, raw fiber 18.1%-30.6%, ash content 7.9% in the mushroom bacterium slag, and many trace elements, be the excellent material of other edible mushrooms of cultivation.
In China, having utilizes edible fungi residue to plant the research of other edible mushrooms, as publication number is CN101663960, the Chinese invention patent that name is called " a kind of method of utilizing bacterium slag for cultivating gold good fortune mushroom " discloses offcuts---the bacterium slag that edible mushrooms such as flat mushroom, Asparagus were cultivated in utilization, replaces the method for cottonseed shell cultivation gold good fortune mushroom; Patent publication No. is CN101663961, and the Chinese invention patent that name is called " a kind of method of utilizing bacterium slag for cultivating coprinus comatus " discloses offcuts---the bacterium slag that edible mushrooms such as flat mushroom, Asparagus were cultivated in utilization, replaces the method for cottonseed shell cultivation coprinus comatus.The relevant report of utilizing mushroom bacterium slag plantation dictyophora phalloidea, coprinus comatus, straw mushroom, mushroom, Asparagus and flat mushroom is also arranged, but Shang Weijian utilizes mushroom bacterium slag to plant research or the patented technology of elegant precious mushroom.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned present situation, the present invention utilizes the mushroom slag to be primary raw material, adds a small amount of cotton seed hulls or corncob, adds auxiliary materials and mixing such as wheat bran, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gypsum and quicklime in right amount, and elegant precious mushroom is cultivated in pack sterilization back, can obtain the fruit body of high yield.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of utilizing mushroom bacterium slag to plant elegant precious mushroom the steps include:
1. the mildew and rot bacterium bag of mushroom bacterium slag is removed in the broken screening of mushroom bacterium ground-slag, and remaining mushroom bacterium slag is fully dry, and the powdered granule that is ground into diameter 0.6-1cm is standby;
2. spice takes by weighing mushroom bacterium slag, cotton seed hulls or corncob in proportion, mushroom bacterium slag and the cotton seed hulls 12h that prewets that should spray water, the corncob 6h that prewets.Press wheat bran 5%～10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, gypsum 0.2%, quicklime 0.2% takes by weighing wheat bran, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gypsum and quicklime, evenly joins in the above-mentioned raw material of prewetting, and fully mixes thoroughly, adjust composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content 60%～63%, pH6.0-6.5.
3. it is the polypropylene plastics pocket of 17cm * 38cm * 0.05cm or 20cm * 33cm * 0.05cm that specification is adopted in pack, sterilization, artificial or machinery pack, and every packed wet feed 1.0～1.2kg (contains siccative heavily about 0.5～0.6kg).Note the degree of tightness appropriateness, pack finishes, plastic sheath ring seal mouth.Adopt conventional sterilization, every kitchen range is adorned about 3000 bags.The very hot oven sterilization is rapidly heated to about 100 ℃, keeps this temperature 12～14h, stops to boil in a covered pot over a slow fire a night after the heating again.
4. the pocket temperature of an inoculation bacterium after sterilization reduced to about 30 ℃, pocket moved in the transfer room, by the inoculation of sterile working rules.Postvaccinal pocket is sent out bacterium and is cultivated, and notes 20～25 ℃ of control environmental temperatures, and control ambient humidity 60%～70% is advisable.Usually, inoculation back 35～40 days, oyster mushroom pieces promptly covers with pocket.
5. management of producing mushroom
(1) arranging the oyster mushroom pieces growth temperature range season is 10～35 ℃, 25～27 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures; The fruiting temperature range is 10～32 ℃, and the suitableeest is 18～22 ℃.In view of the above, be arranged to the planting season of elegant precious mushroom: early Febuary connects cultivation bag, April～May fruiting; Inoculate cultivation bag the middle ten days in August, fruiting during October～December.
(2) 1. management of producing mushroom is prepared in the place: the place can be idle house owed by a citizen, also can build plastic tunnel, selection is ventilated, the water source is convenient, the place of physical features drying, build the plastic greenhouse that length is 30m * 8.0m * 2.5m, high 2.5m in the middle of the booth, length can be different because of the place, but should not surpass 45m.Cover booth with the sunshade net, with control temperature and illumination.2. management of producing mushroom: after mycelia is covered with, prescind sack two ends plastic foil, bar buttress formula is stacked into 5～6 layers, between the bar buttress about distance 40～50cm.During the fruiting, 18～23 ℃ of control temperature keep air humidity 85%～90%, and ventilation in good time keeps certain CO
2Concentration is aided with suitable natural scattering light, helps elegant precious massee fruiting bodies and forms.
(3) gather and the precious massee fruiting bodies cap of change of tide show grows to about 2.5cm, the lid edge launches as yet, can gather.After the 1st damp mushroom had been adopted, mycelium stimulation was removed old mycelia and mushroom handle residual fraction, and bacteria 5～7d can go out the 2nd damp mushroom, the same method management, 3～4 damp mushrooms of can gathering altogether.
During the management of producing mushroom, before every damp massee fruiting bodies forms, should note controlling mushroom room temperature, form temperature contrast more than 10 ℃, to stimulate elegant precious mushroom in order to fruiting.
Among the present invention, considering that elegant precious mushroom is the characteristic of wooden rotten class edible mushroom, raw material wide adaptability, is that primary raw material is planted elegant precious mushroom with mushroom bacterium slag, can further utilize lignin residual in the bacterium slag and cellulose, reduce production costs, realize the comprehensive utilization of mushroom bacterium slag resource.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The mildew and rot bacterium bag of mushroom bacterium slag is removed in screening, and remaining mushroom bacterium slag is fully dry, and the powdered granule that is ground into diameter 0.6-1cm is standby, takes by weighing and pulverizes standby mushroom bacterium slag 133kg, cotton seed hulls 56kg, mushroom bacterium slag and the cotton seed hulls water spray 12h that prewets, mixing.
The auxiliary material amount of adding is respectively: wheat bran 10kg, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2kg, calcium sulphate 0.4kg, quicklime 0.4kg, fully mix with cultivate material, regulate water content 62%, adjust about pH6.5, mix the 20cm * 35cm that packs into * 0.05cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic sack, normal-pressure sterilization.
Select dense white, high, the energetic elegant precious mushroom cultivated species of quality of mycelia, after treating that pocket is cooled to 26～30 ℃, by the inoculation of sterile working standard, subsequently the bacterium bag is changed over to baterial cultivation chamber and cultivate 40～45d, note 23～25 ℃ of temperature controls therebetween, sooner or later ventilation, contaminated bacterium bag is picked out in turning therebetween 4～5 times.
With fruiting room clean it up, sterilization is standby.After treating that oyster mushroom pieces covers with pocket, the bacterium bag is changed in the fruiting room, pile the bar buttress shape of 5 layers of bacterium bag.20～23 ℃ of control temperature according to humidity and variations in temperature, are used atomizers spray water smoke, guarantee that air humidity remains between 85%～90%, window sunshade network control system illumination.Carry out management of producing mushroom by described method, the 3 damp mushrooms of having gathered, the bright mushroom of the 166kg that gathered altogether, biological yield has reached 83%.
Embodiment 2
Respectively take by weighing the mushroom bacterium slag 140kg of dried and crushed, corncob 49kg, the mushroom bacterium slag water spray 12h that prewets, the corncob water spray 6h that prewets.The auxiliary material amount of adding is respectively: dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2kg, wheat bran 10kg, calcium sulphate 0.4kg, quicklime 0.4kg mixes auxiliary material equably with major ingredient, regulate water content 63%, adjust about pH6.0, the 17cm * 33cm that packs into * 0.05cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic sack, standby behind the normal-pressure sterilization.
Select mycelial growth stalwartness, the precious mushroom cultivated species of the measured show of matter, bacterium is sent out in the inoculation back in the room, during keep the room dark, keep 22～25 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity is controlled at about 65%.Every other day check the mycelial growth situation, cultivate mycelia purseful after 30～40 days, prescind bacterium bag two ends, enter management of producing mushroom.At the fruiting initial stage, increase thermal stimulation and impel the mycelia kink to form original hase.In case original hase forms, the temperature that controls environment is at 20～25 ℃, and humidity 85%-90% increases and ventilates and light scattering, impels the fruit body ramp.
The oyster mushroom lid grows to about 2.5cm, and the cap edge does not launch as yet and can gather.After gathering, in time clear up the stem residue on bacterium bag surface, carry out mycelium stimulation and handle back bacteria 5d, the same method continues fruiting.Gathered behind the elegant precious massee fruiting bodies of the 3rd tide, gathered in the crops the new fresh sporophore 156kg of elegant precious mushroom altogether, biological transformation ratio is 78%.
With mushroom bacterium slag is that primary raw material is cultivated elegant precious mushroom, can reduce by 40～50% cost of material, and biological transformation ratio can reach about 80%, has good economic benefit.
Should be understood that; for those of ordinary skills; can be improved according to the above description or conversion, as the suitable adjustment of mushroom bacterium slag and other raw materials etc., and all these improve and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. method of utilizing mushroom bacterium slag to plant elegant precious mushroom, it is characterized in that, mushroom bacterium slag is fully dry, be ground into the powdered granule of diameter 0.6-1cm, the 12h that prewets sprays water, with cotton seed hulls water spray 12h or the corncob water spray 6h that prewets that prewets, mushroom bacterium slag after water spray prewetted and cotton seed hulls or corncob mix as major ingredient, add auxiliary material in described major ingredient, fully mixing is adjusted water content 60%～63%, adjust pH6.0-6.5, pack, the elegant precious mushroom of sterilization back inoculation carry out management of producing mushroom, and timely collecting.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, by percentage to the quality, and described mushroom bacterium slag 60%～70%, described cotton seed hulls or described corncob 25%～30%.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described auxiliary material is wheat bran, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, gypsum and quicklime, by percentage to the quality, proportion is respectively: wheat bran 5%～10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, gypsum 0.2%, quicklime 0.2%.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is the charging of low-pressure polyethylene plastic sack, the sterilization of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm or 20cm * 35 * 0.05cm with specification, cooling back inoculation oyster mushroom kind; Send out bacterium for 20～25 ℃ and cultivate 35～40d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can carry out management of producing mushroom.
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| CN102173921A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-09-07 | 浙江工业大学 | Edible fungi culture matrix prepared with fermentation fungi residues |
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