CN101723759B - Black fungus cultivation method and cultivation material thereof - Google Patents
Black fungus cultivation method and cultivation material thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101723759B CN101723759B CN2009102297685A CN200910229768A CN101723759B CN 101723759 B CN101723759 B CN 101723759B CN 2009102297685 A CN2009102297685 A CN 2009102297685A CN 200910229768 A CN200910229768 A CN 200910229768A CN 101723759 B CN101723759 B CN 101723759B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for cultivating black fungi in bags by utilizing a piece of woodland. The black fungi belong to crepuscular fungi, woods can just shade the black fungi, and CO2 released by the black fungi during growing adds carbon fertilizers for the woods. The black fungi and the woods are organically combined so as to ensure that the woodland is comprehensively utilized. The invention also discloses a black fungus cultivation material which changes a traditional formula using sawdust and cotton seed hulls as main materials and provides a new raw material with lower price and more environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culturing edible fungi, specifically relate to a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, the invention still further relates to its composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
Background technology
Woodear [Aurcularia auricula (L.ex Hock.Underw)] is a kind of black, colloid, delicious edible mushroom, mainly originates in the mountain area on the ground such as northeast and Hubei of China, about annual production 1.5 ten thousand tons (dried ear).Auricularia fungus shape such as ear parasitize on the withered tree, contain carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid, vitamin and mineral matter.The auricularia auriculajudae quality is soft, and mouthfeel is delicate, delicious flavour, and local flavor is special, is a kind of nutritious famous edible mushroom; But can element meat or fish, not only add elegance greatly, and can nourish blood and preserve youthful looks for dish, eliminate disease and prolong life.Modern nutriology man highly praise woodear is " meat or fish in the element ", and its nutritive value can compare favourably with animal food.
The traditional cultivation mode of woodear is linden, hardwood sawdust and cotton seed hull.At present, timber resources reduces day by day, and the cotton seed hull price rises steadily; Per ton up to surplus 800 yuan; And cotton seed hull to do the prior problem of raw material be that the product residue of pesticide exceed standard, the woodear of Shanghai in 2007 big mountains and rivers company outlet is just because of residue of pesticide exceed standard, and sealed up for safekeeping by Japan and refuses to pay payment for goods.The key issue that maize straw is done raw material is that raw material is nitrogenous low; The nitrogen content of cotton seed hull is 3.8 times of maize straw; And add corn flour, when analysis for soybean powder is replenished nitrogenous source, can cause the pollution of Penicillium notatum, green mold bacterium, so planting woodear, maize straw never forms commodity production.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming that above-mentioned prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forest land cultivating Auricularia auricula-judae in bags technology of utilizing, woodear belongs to low light level property fungi, and the woods are the woodear shading just, and the CO that the woodear growth period discharges
2It is fertile to have increased carbon to the woods again, and both organically combine, and make the forest land obtain comprehensive utilization.Do cultivation place with the forest land, promptly reduced the industrialized agriculture input, increased mushroom farming income again.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of black fungus cultivation material, it is characterized in that, and form by following components by part by weight: wood chip (weedtree) 45-50, corn stalk powder 35-50, wheat bran or thin rice chaff 10-15, corn flour 1-3, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.5-1.The purpose that the present invention adds pulverized limestone is that the PH that regulates composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 5.5-6.5.
Optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of black fungus cultivation material, it is characterized in that, and form by following components by part by weight: wood chip (weedtree) 45, corn stalk powder 45, wheat bran or thin rice chaff 10, corn flour 2, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.5.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of woodear cultural method, it is characterized in that, and may further comprise the steps:
(1) spice: take by weighing raw material for standby by above-mentioned weight portion, gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff are mixed, mix thoroughly subsequent use; Be tiled in wood chip, corn stalk powder on the cement flooring; The mixture of corn flour, pulverized limestone and gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff is sprinkling upon is tiled on the cement flooring after turning evenly on wood chip and the maize straw again, played the heap shelving 1.5-2 hour, shelving finishes behind the back; Add water, regulating composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content weight percentage is that 63-65% is subsequent use;
(2) pack, sterilization, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that step (1) is mixed is with in sack filling machine or the manual bacterium bag of packing into; Adopt Polythene Bag; When filling with substance will keep bag, and degree of tightness is consistent up and down, and pack highly is 4.8-5.2cm, weight in wet base 750-850 gram; The middle cave that supplies inoculation and ventilation of beating puts then to encircle and adds tampon or the sack jag all can; Atmospheric steam was sterilized 12 hours down for 100 ℃, waited to expect temperature drop to room temperature, and aseptic inoculation kernel culture or cotton seed hulls bacterial classification, 1 bag of bacterial classification can connect 40 bags, and during inoculation, 1/3 bacterial classification inserts in the cave, and 2/3 bacterial classification spreads on charge level;
(3) send out the management in bacterium stage: after inoculation finished, the bacterium bag can move into culturing room and send out bacterium, and culturing room's domestic demand shading if illumination is too much, suppresses mycelial growth easily, sent out the bacterium later stage to be prone to too early original hase at present; In the control of temp. and humidity, require the preceding high back of indoor temperature low, send out a bacterium initial-stage culture room temperature and remain on 25-27 ℃, make the rapid field planting material feeding of mycelia; After 7-10 days, should make room temperature reduce to 22-24 ℃ gradually; Indoor humidity remains on 60%-70% (weight ratio), too highly is prone to cause living contaminants, lowly excessively is prone to make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water evaporates; Woodear is a good gas property fungi, after 7-10 days, often ventilate every day 1-2 time, each 30-60 minute; Mycelia was covered with bag in 40-60 days, cultivated 10-12 days again, made it reach physiological ripening;
(4) woodland management: select the forest land of seven minutes three seconds, put bag, wholely behind bacterium bag scarfing; Put the bacterium bag and concentrate the cultivation auricularia auriculajudae with the distance that keeps 2-3cm between bag and the bag; After finishing plot, cover plastic foil, bonnet straw screen or mat or sunshade net heat and moisture preserving above the bacterium bag earlier; Temperature can not surpass 26 ℃ during this time, when temperature is high on the straw screen or mat spray cooling; Bacterium bag scarfing is after 5 days, and every day, ventilation was 2-3 time, and keeping percetage by weight in the ground is the relative moisture of 85-90%, when adding water increase humidity in the ground; Do not water bacterium bag scarfing place, its original hase basically forms after 10-12 days, begins the management of branch ground, bag and bag spacing 20-25cm; The forest land sparge pipe ought to be grasped injection flow rate flexibly, and early stage should the many sprays of diligent spray, when the auricularia auriculajudae sheet grows to 4cm when above; Daytime, water spray was advisable with the moistening auricle of ability, and spray evening more, after auricle launches fully, cuts off the water and gather.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) it to have changed tradition be the prescription of major ingredient with wood chip and cotton seed hull, a kind of new more raw material of cheapness, environmental protection is provided.(2) forest land cultivating Auricularia auricula-judae in bags physics method is urged ear bud new technology, impels the fruit body primordium idiophase consistent, and this be that large-scale production, intensive management, labour's arrangement has obtained uniformity, the effect of reach the saving administrative staff, raising labour efficiency; (3) isothermal spraying and low temperature spraying during the fruit body of research and development impel the differentiation of auricle superficial cell and germinal layer cell asynchronous, cause the auricle local cells to heap, and develop into plump auricle, effectively improve the commodity of auricularia auriculajudae.(4) CO
2Facility forest land cultivating black fungus has been saved agricultural facility, has made full use of forest land area.(5) create ecological forestry and utilized pattern, during trees photosynthesis, consumed CO
2Emit oxygen: and auricularia auriculajudae is when breathing, and consume oxygen, emits carbonic acid gas, and equal to have executed titanium dioxide nitrogenous fertilizer to trees: auricularia auriculajudae and trees are at O
2And CO
2Last physiology is complementary, and is favourable each other, made up the ecological forestry new model.(6) behind employing composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention and the cultivation method, per 1 bacterium bag (per 1 bacterium bag cost is 1.2 yuan) produces about 50 grams (50 yuan of dried fungus per kilograms) of dried fungus, has improved output, has increased income.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Prescription: wood chip (weedtree) 45, corn stalk powder 45, wheat bran 10, corn flour 2, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.5.
(1) spice: take by weighing raw material for standby by above-mentioned weight portion; Gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff are mixed, mix thoroughly subsequent usely, be tiled in wood chip, corn stalk powder on the cement flooring; The mixture of corn flour, pulverized limestone and gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff is sprinkling upon is tiled on the cement flooring again after turning evenly on wood chip and the maize straw; Played the heap shelving 2 hours, and in the shelving process, adopted the turning of level windrow method, shelving finishes behind the back; Add water, regulate composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content weight percentage and be 65% subsequent use;
(2) pack, sterilization, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that step (1) is mixed is packed into sack filling machine in the bacterium bag; Adopt Polythene Bag; When filling with substance will keep bag, and degree of tightness is consistent up and down, and pack highly is 5.2cm, weight in wet base 850 grams; The middle cave that supplies inoculation and ventilation of beating puts then to encircle and adds tampon or the sack jag all can; Atmospheric steam was sterilized 12 hours down for 100 ℃, waited to expect temperature drop to room temperature, and aseptic inoculation cotton seed hulls bacterial classification, 1 bag of bacterial classification can connect 40 bags, and during inoculation, 1/3 bacterial classification inserts in the cave, and 2/3 bacterial classification spreads on charge level;
(3) send out the management in bacterium stage: after inoculation finished, the bacterium bag can move into culturing room and send out bacterium, and culturing room's domestic demand shading if illumination is too much, suppresses mycelial growth easily, sent out the bacterium later stage to be prone to too early original hase at present; In the control of temp. and humidity, require the preceding high back of indoor temperature low, send out a bacterium initial-stage culture room temperature and remain on 25-27 ℃, make the rapid field planting material feeding of mycelia; After 7-10 days, should make room temperature reduce to 22-24 ℃ gradually; Indoor humidity remains on 60%-70% (weight ratio), too highly is prone to cause living contaminants, lowly excessively is prone to make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water evaporates; Woodear is a good gas property fungi, after 7-10 days, often ventilate every day 1-2 time, each 30-60 minute; Mycelia was covered with bag in 40-60 days, cultivated 10-12 days again, made it reach physiological ripening;
(4) woodland management: select the forest land of seven fens positive three seconds, put bag, wholely behind bacterium bag scarfing; Put the bacterium bag and concentrate the cultivation auricularia auriculajudae with the distance that keeps 3cm between bag and the bag; After finishing plot, cover plastic foil, bonnet straw screen or mat or sunshade net heat and moisture preserving above the bacterium bag earlier; Temperature can not surpass 26 ℃ during this time, when temperature is high on the straw screen or mat spray cooling; Bacterium bag scarfing is after 5 days, ventilation every day 3 times, and keeping percetage by weight in the ground is the relative moisture of 85-90%, when adding water in the ground and increasing humidity; Do not water bacterium bag scarfing place, its original hase basically forms after 10-12 days, begins the management of branch ground, bag and bag spacing 25cm; The forest land sparge pipe ought to be grasped injection flow rate flexibly, and early stage should the many sprays of diligent spray, when the auricularia auriculajudae sheet grows to 4cm when above; Daytime, water spray was advisable with the moistening auricle of ability, and spray evening more, after auricle launches fully, cuts off the water and gather.
Embodiment 2:
Prescription: wood chip (weedtree) 48, corn stalk powder 50, wheat bran 15, corn flour 3, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 1
(1) spice: take by weighing raw material for standby by above-mentioned weight portion; Gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff are mixed, mix thoroughly subsequent usely, be tiled in wood chip, corn stalk powder on the cement flooring; The mixture of corn flour, pulverized limestone and gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff is sprinkling upon is tiled on the cement flooring again after turning evenly on wood chip and the maize straw; Played the heap shelving 1.8 hours, and in the shelving process, adopted the turning of level windrow method, shelving finishes behind the back; Add water, regulate composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content weight percentage and be 64% subsequent use;
(2) pack, sterilization, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that step (1) is mixed is with in sack filling machine or the manual bacterium bag of packing into; Adopt Polythene Bag; When filling with substance will keep bag, and degree of tightness is consistent up and down, and pack highly is 5cm, weight in wet base 800 grams; The middle cave that supplies inoculation and ventilation of beating puts then to encircle and adds tampon or the sack jag all can; Atmospheric steam was sterilized 12 hours down for 100 ℃, waited to expect temperature drop to room temperature, and aseptic inoculation cotton seed hulls bacterial classification, 1 bag of bacterial classification can connect 40 bags, and during inoculation, 1/3 bacterial classification inserts in the cave, and 2/3 bacterial classification spreads on charge level;
(3) send out the management in bacterium stage: after inoculation finished, the bacterium bag can move into culturing room and send out bacterium, and culturing room's domestic demand shading if illumination is too much, suppresses mycelial growth easily, sent out the bacterium later stage to be prone to too early original hase at present; In the control of temp. and humidity, require the preceding high back of indoor temperature low, send out a bacterium initial-stage culture room temperature and remain on 25-27 ℃, make the rapid field planting material feeding of mycelia; After 7-10 days, should make room temperature reduce to 22-24 ℃ gradually; Indoor humidity remains on 60%-70% (weight ratio), too highly is prone to cause living contaminants, lowly excessively is prone to make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water evaporates; Woodear is a good gas property fungi, after 7-10 days, often ventilate every day 1-2 time, each 30-60 minute; Mycelia was covered with bag in 40-60 days, cultivated 10-12 days again, made it reach physiological ripening;
(4) woodland management: select the forest land of seven fens positive three seconds, put bag, wholely behind bacterium bag scarfing; Put the bacterium bag and concentrate the cultivation auricularia auriculajudae with the distance that keeps 2.5cm between bag and the bag; After finishing plot, cover plastic foil, bonnet straw screen or mat or sunshade net heat and moisture preserving above the bacterium bag earlier; Temperature can not surpass 26 ℃ during this time, when temperature is high on the straw screen or mat spray cooling; Bacterium bag scarfing is after 5 days, ventilation every day 3 times, and keeping percetage by weight in the ground is the relative moisture of 85-90%, when adding water in the ground and increasing humidity; Do not water bacterium bag scarfing place, its original hase basically forms after 10-12 days, begins the management of branch ground, bag and bag spacing 22cm; The forest land sparge pipe ought to be grasped injection flow rate flexibly, and early stage should the many sprays of diligent spray, when the auricularia auriculajudae sheet grows to 4cm when above; Daytime, water spray was advisable with the moistening auricle of ability, and spray evening more, after auricle launches fully, cuts off the water and gather.
Embodiment 3:
Prescription: wood chip (weedtree) 50, corn stalk powder 48, thin rice chaff 12, corn flour 1, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.8
(1) spice: take by weighing raw material for standby by above-mentioned weight portion; Gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff are mixed, mix thoroughly subsequent usely, be tiled in wood chip, corn stalk powder on the cement flooring; The mixture of corn flour, pulverized limestone and gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff is sprinkling upon is tiled on the cement flooring again after turning evenly on wood chip and the maize straw; Played the heap shelving 1.5 hours, and in the shelving process, adopted the turning of level windrow method, shelving finishes behind the back; Add water, regulate composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content weight percentage and be 63% subsequent use;
(2) pack, sterilization, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that step (1) is mixed is packed in the bacterium bag by hand; Adopt Polythene Bag; When filling with substance will keep bag, and degree of tightness is consistent up and down, and pack highly is 4.8cm, weight in wet base 850 grams; The middle cave that supplies inoculation and ventilation of beating puts then to encircle and adds tampon or the sack jag all can; Atmospheric steam was sterilized 12 hours down for 100 ℃, waited to expect temperature drop to room temperature, and aseptic inoculation kernel culture, 1 bag of bacterial classification can connect 40 bags, and during inoculation, 1/3 bacterial classification inserts in the cave, and 2/3 bacterial classification spreads on charge level;
(3) send out the management in bacterium stage: after inoculation finished, the bacterium bag can move into culturing room and send out bacterium, and culturing room's domestic demand shading if illumination is too much, suppresses mycelial growth easily, sent out the bacterium later stage to be prone to too early original hase at present; In the control of temp. and humidity, require the preceding high back of indoor temperature low, send out a bacterium initial-stage culture room temperature and remain on 25-27 ℃, make the rapid field planting material feeding of mycelia; After 7-10 days, should make room temperature reduce to 22-24 ℃ gradually; Indoor humidity remains on 60%-70% (weight ratio), too highly is prone to cause living contaminants, lowly excessively is prone to make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water evaporates; Woodear is a good gas property fungi, after 7-10 days, often ventilate every day 1-2 time, each 30-60 minute; Mycelia was covered with bag in 40-60 days, cultivated 10-12 days again, made it reach physiological ripening;
(4) woodland management: select the forest land of seven fens positive three seconds, put bag, wholely behind bacterium bag scarfing; Put the bacterium bag and concentrate the cultivation auricularia auriculajudae with the distance that keeps 2cm between bag and the bag; After finishing plot, cover plastic foil, bonnet straw screen or mat or sunshade net heat and moisture preserving above the bacterium bag earlier; Temperature can not surpass 26 ℃ during this time, when temperature is high on the straw screen or mat spray cooling; Bacterium bag scarfing is after 5 days, ventilation every day 2 times, and keeping percetage by weight in the ground is the relative moisture of 85-90%, when adding water in the ground and increasing humidity; Do not water bacterium bag scarfing place, its original hase basically forms after 10-12 days, begins the management of branch ground, bag and bag spacing 20cm; The forest land sparge pipe ought to be grasped injection flow rate flexibly, and early stage should the many sprays of diligent spray, when the auricularia auriculajudae sheet grows to 4cm when above; Daytime, water spray was advisable with the moistening auricle of ability, and spray evening more, after auricle launches fully, cuts off the water and gather.
Claims (2)
1. a woodear cultural method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) spice: take by weighing raw material for standby according to following weight parts; Gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff are mixed; Mix thoroughly subsequent usely, be tiled in wood chip, corn stalk powder on the cement flooring, the mixture of corn flour, pulverized limestone and gypsum and wheat bran or thin rice chaff is sprinkling upon is tiled on the cement flooring again after turning evenly on wood chip and the maize straw; Played the heap shelving 1.5-2 hour; In the shelving process, adopt the turning of level windrow method, after shelving finished, adding water adjusting composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content weight percentage was that 63-65% is subsequent use; Said raw material and weight portion thereof are: wood chip 45-50, corn stalk powder 35-50, wheat bran or thin rice chaff 10-15, corn flour 1-3, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.5-1; Said wood chip is the weedtree wood chip;
(2) pack, sterilization, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that step (1) is mixed is with in sack filling machine or the manual bacterium bag of packing into; Adopt Polythene Bag; When filling with substance will keep bag, and degree of tightness is consistent up and down, and pack highly is 4.8-5.2cm, weight in wet base 750-850 gram; The middle cave that supplies inoculation and ventilation of beating puts then to encircle and adds tampon or the sack jag all can; Atmospheric steam was sterilized 12 hours down for 100 ℃, waited to expect temperature drop to room temperature, and aseptic inoculation kernel culture or cotton seed hulls bacterial classification, 1 bag of bacterial classification connect 40 bags, and during inoculation, 1/3 bacterial classification inserts in the cave, and 2/3 bacterial classification spreads on charge level;
(3) send out the management in bacterium stage: after inoculation finished, the bacterium bag can move into culturing room and send out bacterium, and culturing room's domestic demand shading if illumination is too much, suppresses mycelial growth easily, sent out the bacterium later stage to be prone to too early original hase at present; In the control of temp. and humidity, require the preceding high back of indoor temperature low, send out a bacterium initial-stage culture room temperature and remain on 25-27 ℃, make the rapid field planting material feeding of mycelia; After 7-10 days, should make room temperature reduce to 22-24 ℃ gradually; The indoor humidity percetage by weight will remain on 60%-70%, too highly is prone to cause living contaminants, lowly excessively is prone to make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water evaporates; Woodear is a good gas property fungi, after 7-10 days, often ventilate every day 1-2 time, each 30-60 minute; Mycelia was covered with bag in 40-60 days, cultivated 10-12 days again, made it reach physiological ripening;
(4) woodland management: select the forest land of seven fens positive three seconds, put bag, wholely behind bacterium bag scarfing; Put the bacterium bag and concentrate the cultivation auricularia auriculajudae with the distance that keeps 2-3cm between bag and the bag; After finishing plot, cover plastic foil, bonnet straw screen or mat or sunshade net heat and moisture preserving above the bacterium bag earlier; Temperature can not surpass 26 ℃ during this time, when temperature is high on the straw screen or mat spray cooling; Bacterium bag scarfing is after 5 days, and every day, ventilation was 2-3 time, and keeping percetage by weight in the ground is the relative moisture of 85-90%, when adding water increase humidity in the ground; Do not water bacterium bag scarfing place, its original hase basically forms after 10-12 days, begins the management of branch ground, bag and bag spacing 20-25cm; The forest land sparge pipe ought to be grasped injection flow rate flexibly, and early stage should the many sprays of diligent spray, when the auricularia auriculajudae sheet grows to 4cm when above; Daytime, water spray was wanted moistening auricle, and spray evening more, after auricle launches fully, cuts off the water and gather.
2. a kind of woodear cultural method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said raw material and weight portion thereof are: wood chip 45, corn stalk powder 45, wheat bran or thin rice chaff 10, corn flour 2, gypsum 1, pulverized limestone 0.5.
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| CN110122179A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 山东众成菌业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-quality black fungus |
| CN110651662A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-07 | 葫芦岛农函大玄宇食用菌野驯繁育有限公司 | Straw screening culture medium, preparation method and method for cultivating black fungus by using straw screening culture medium |
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| CN1762193A (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2006-04-26 | 黑龙江省农垦总局林业局 | Method for producing black fungus |
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| CN1762193A (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2006-04-26 | 黑龙江省农垦总局林业局 | Method for producing black fungus |
| CN1820571A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2006-08-23 | 李永镇 | Method for cultivating rootless single sheet black fungus |
| CN101228829A (en) * | 2007-12-30 | 2008-07-30 | 顾英梅 | Culture method of black fungus |
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