CN102754564B - Fungi bag, manufacture method of fungi bag, and method for cultivating black fungus by using fungi bag - Google Patents
Fungi bag, manufacture method of fungi bag, and method for cultivating black fungus by using fungi bag Download PDFInfo
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- CN102754564B CN102754564B CN 201210234907 CN201210234907A CN102754564B CN 102754564 B CN102754564 B CN 102754564B CN 201210234907 CN201210234907 CN 201210234907 CN 201210234907 A CN201210234907 A CN 201210234907A CN 102754564 B CN102754564 B CN 102754564B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fungi bag, a manufacture method of the fungi bag, and a method for cultivating black fungus by using the fungi bag, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: taking granular sawdust processed from wood blocks and branches of cutting tailings cultivated in a forest district as a cultivation raw material, and densely cutting the fungi bag by adopting an agaric rising and growing manner in a wild wood block, so that shapes of agarics and thicknesses of auricles are very close to states of agaric on the wild wood block; and simulating the agaric rising manner under natural conditions, well coordinating the relationship among air humidity, ventilation and illumination, and promoting growth of black fungus fruiting bodies, so that color and lustre of black fungus are very close to the state of agaric on the wild wood block. The strain used by the invention is the black fungus strain (the preservation number is black fungus DL202 CCTCC M 2011138) preserved in the China centre for type culture collection (CCTCC). According to the invention, the problem of being insufficient in raw material sawdust source required for production of corresponding edible fungi is solved; produced black funguses are good in quality; and the economical benefit of cultivators is obviously increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and planting type for a kind of edible fungus culturing, specifically a kind of production technology of utilizing graininess wood chip black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field, can produce with wild juggle and go out ear high-quality production technology for black fungus very nearly the same.
Background technology
Woodear is that first carries out tame mushroom, starts from China.Experienced from production models such as the felling of wild, log, segment wood cultivated, generation material Pig cultivation, the short bag ground cultivations of plastics, from disperseing tube reason processed to develop into the Open Management pattern that present full exposure concentrated area plants, the output of woodear is greatly improved, and the woodear quality of substituting stuff cultivation also is enhanced.But, although all light radiation cultivating technology for black fungus has improved output, the woodear of substituting stuff cultivation and woodear wild and the juggle cultivation are also having difference aspect look, flavor; And, along with the felling task in forest zone is fewer and feweri, woodear is produced needed raw material-wood chip, extremely burst weary, if do not solve the source of wood chip, can say that the production of black fungus bacterial will be faced with the predicament that there is no raw material and can't produce.
Summary of the invention
Some shortcomings for above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is to provide a kind of production technology of utilizing graininess wood chip black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field, the juggle that utilizes forest zone to foster to get off and to cut down the graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into be composts or fertilisers of cultivating, that takes in the course of cultivation to copy woodear in wild juggle goes out ear and growth pattern.
The technology used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of bacterium bag preparation method is as follows:
By the quality percentage composition, take following material, rice chaff 15%, beancake powder 1%, gypsum 1%, wood chip 83%, wherein said wood chip is comprised of 2/3rds graininess wood chips that account for the wood chip gross weight and 1/3rd the band wood sawdust that accounts for the wood chip gross weight, described graininess wood chip and be that forest zone is fostered the broad-leaved tree juggle that gets off and cut down graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into and the band wood sawdust of sawmilling residue auxiliary material with wood sawdust, graininess wood chip volume is 8-20mm
3; The preparation of bacterium bag is according to above-mentioned formula spice pack, moisture content is 60%-70%, and the medium degree of tightness in the bacterium bag of packing into is wanted appropriateness, and bacterium sacked material degree of tightness can be measured by feel, generally with bacterium bag surface Boardy Feeling and flexible, thumb is pressed gently charge level and can be upspring; Also can be by the degree of tightness of weighing bacterium bag weight measurement bacterium bag, bacterium bag weight, in the 1.2kg left and right, illustrates that the pack degree of tightness is suitable.When the high 20cm of bacterium bag, sealed, the sterilizing of bacterium bag adopts high pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2 hours or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours.
The present invention also has following feature:
Use a kind of method of bacterium bag cultivating woodear of the above as follows:
Step 1: inoculation:
Adopt the sterile working mode to be inoculated, the woodear bacterial classification that connects is preserved in Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center (CCTCC), and preserving number is woodear DL202CCTCC M 2011138;
Step 2: send out bacterium:
Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, as with the bacterium rod fast bacterium processed be 30-45 days, traditional charge level connects bacterium and takes 45-70 days, adopt horizontal swing bag method at bacteria developing period, under the bacterium frame, the number ground floor is put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag; Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days after inoculation, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, and the hyphal development phase inoculates rear 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, and the mycelia ramp phase inoculates latter 15 days, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃; After maturing stage inoculate 35 days, mycelia enters the physiological ripening stage, soon from vegetative growth phase, is transitioned into generative growth phase, and room temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃;
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, and ventilate 1-2 every day, is no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth; North of china in winter is excessively cold takes the short time repeatedly to ventilate;
Step 3: designated port:
When covering with the bacterium bag and reach physiological ripening, mycelia to carry out designated port, adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " product " font and draw " 1 " word mouth, the angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle, the length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag, draw hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm;
Step 4: urge ear:
Concentrate and urge ear after bacterium bag designated port, day temperature is more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃; Before swing bag is concentrated and to be urged ear, first the bacterium bed is processed, spread woven bag or mulch film on the bacterium bed, then on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization; Mulch film should first punch, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, finally will concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed; Should bacterium bag sack is downward during swing bag, between bag and bag, distance is 15-18cm.
Step 5: Shi Shui:
The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, i.e. young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, every one-phase requires different to moisture content; Children's ear phase sprays water and is advisable with few spray, just can normal growth when relative air humidity is 85%; Vegetative period, injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%; The maturing stage 1-1.5 hour that sprays water between the lights, spraying water after 3 hours 1 hour in interval, answers the whole day water spray during cloudy day again; Fruit body is grown to when medium well and can be plucked.
Culture presevation of the present invention is in Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, Classification And Nomenclature: woodear DL202 woodear DL202Auricularia auricular (L.ex Hook.) DL202, deposit number CCTCC NO.M2011138, preservation date on April 25th, 2011, Luojiashan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, address Wuhan University
The present invention has following technological merit:
1, to cut down the graininess wood chip of excess brush wood production be 8-20mm in forest zone
3irregularly shaped, have that particle is large, good permeability, that nutriment is preserved is lasting, nutriment is carried advantage easily;
2, the cultivation of auricularia auricula bag that wood chip is produced on year-on-year basis, the excess brush wood is cut down in forest zone, and to be processed into the edible black fungus bag cost that the graininess wood chip makes lower, can save 0.1 yuan for every bag, save 1500 yuan, and there is the advantages such as mycelial growth is fast, mycelia is sturdy, vitality is strong, mycelia is pure white for 10,000 bags;
3, the woodear grown with this composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultivation has chromaticness and deceives the advantages such as thick, that output is high, and cultivation cycle is short, and for example, thin sawdust is cultivated mycelial growth time and needed 45 days, and the graininess wood chip only needs get final product in 35 days; The ear bud forms, and thin sawdust needs 17 days, and the graininess wood chip only needs 12 days;
That takes to copy woodear in wild juggle in 4, cultivation process goes out ear and growth pattern, can produce with wild juggle and go out ear high-quality woodear very nearly the same, the woodear purchasing price of this mode output is high, can greatly improve the woodear product competitiveness on market at home and abroad.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is bacterium bag designated port mode sketch of the present invention.
Embodiment
Foster the juggle got off and cut down the excess branch and select:
Except coniferous species other seeds any cut down the remaining part position all can, the broad-leaved trees such as common willow, willow, birch, Mongolian oak, five jiaos of maples, juglans mandshurica such as the north, multiple hardwood crumbs mix use best.
The selection of graininess wood chip processing machine:
Slicing shredder.Operation principle is the juggle of at first forest zone being fostered and cuts down the chopping of excess branch in flakes, and then is ground into 8-20mm
3the irregular particle shape.
Simple and easy circular saw formula cracker.Operation principle is that a plurality of roundel saw blades groups are installed to together, is fixed on base bearing, and High Rotation Speed under the drive of electromotor or diesel engine, be sawn into 8-20mm by branch
3the irregular particle shape.
Distribution
Foster the juggle that gets off and cut down the graininess wood chip that the excess branch makes to account for 2/3rds, the band wood sawdust accounts for 1/3rd to be mixed and uses.The quality percentage composition, rice chaff 15%, beancake powder 1%, gypsum 1%, mix wood chip 83%.
The preparation of bacterium bag is according to above-mentioned formula spice pack, and moisture content is 60%-70%, and medium is packed the interior degree of tightness of bacterium bag into will appropriateness.Bacterium sacked material degree of tightness can be measured by feel, generally with bacterium bag surface Boardy Feeling and flexible, thumb is pressed gently charge level and can be upspring; Also can be by the degree of tightness of weighing bacterium bag weight measurement bacterium bag, bacterium bag weight, in the 1.2kg left and right, illustrates that the pack degree of tightness is suitable.The sterilizing of bacterium bag adopts high pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2 hours or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours.Treat that temperature drops to below 30 ℃ and just can have been inoculated, adopt the sterile working mode to be inoculated.Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, as with the bacterium rod fast bacterium processed be 30 days-45 days, traditional charge level connects bacterium and takes 45 days-70 days.Adopt horizontal swing bag method at bacteria developing period, under the bacterium frame, the number ground floor is put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag.Reason be near-bottom temperature low to send out bacterium slow, top layer temperature bacterium occurred frequently is fast, sends out bacterium middle and later periods this two-layer bacterium at the bacterium bag and can fall layer, makes the bacterium bag send out the bacterium cell age consistent.Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days after inoculation, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, makes mycelia accelerate material feeding in the suitableeest environment, and field planting spreads, and captures composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The hyphal development phase inoculates rear 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, allows bacterial classification seize rapidly charge level miscellaneous bacteria can't be entered.The mycelia ramp phase inoculates latter 15 days, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃ of left and right, and this phase bacterium bag temperature rises gradually, and self produces heat, and in bag, temperature is very large with the outer temperature spread of bag, and this phase is without Heat artificially.After maturing stage inoculate 35 days, mycelia enters the physiological ripening stage, soon from vegetative growth phase, is transitioned into generative growth phase, and room temperature is advisable with 18-20 ℃.
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, should block door and window with felt, and felt has again insulation effect simultaneously.Woodear is again aerobic type mushroom, and whole growth and development process requires air fresh, to ensure enough oxygen, maintains the eubolism effect.Must be noted that to ventilate 1-2 time every day for this reason, be no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth.North of china in winter is crossed and coldly can be taked the short time repeatedly to ventilate.
After mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, will carry out designated port while reaching physiological ripening, we have adopted special bacterium bag designated port mode.Adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, copy material plants to go out syrinx reason mode, produce the production technology that goes out ear high-quality woodear very nearly the same with wild juggle.Drawing the hole opening is the most important thing of black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field cultivation, and the fine or not direct relation of opening the quality of ear shape, quality, and whether the black fungus cultivation that mouthful determines to land of also can explaining clearly is the pseudo-wild cultivating mode.Will carry out designated port when mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and reaches physiological ripening, we have adopted special bacterium bag designated port mode.Adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " product " font and draw " 1 " word mouth, the angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle, the length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag, draw hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm.Draw the hole opening and can use scalpel, also available blade also can be rolled a bag opening by corresponding blade nail on plank.Each " 1 " word hole can go out 4, bowl ear, and output can reach the dry ear of 0.7-0.9 two/bag.
Concentrate and urge ear after bacterium bag designated port, best urge ear be opportunity day temperature more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃.This temperature is conducive to the formation of the former base of woodear, the growth of fruit body most.Before swing bag is concentrated and to be urged ear, first the bacterium bed is processed, spread woven bag or mulch film etc. on the bacterium bed, make auricle band mud to prevent that the bacterium bag from contacting with ground, then on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization.Mulch film should first punch, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, is beneficial to infiltration.Finally will concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed.Should bacterium bag sack is downward during swing bag, between bag and bag, distance is 15-18cm.
After urging ear, ground plants the swing bag place in river bank the best, can utilize river bank fog moisturizing sooner or later to go out ear, and humidity can reach more than 80%, and what approach very much wild auricularia auriculajudae under natural conditions goes out the ear state.The flat land full exposure is planted openly, adopts artificial alternation of wetting and drying science to execute water.
Science is executed water.The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, i.e. young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, every one-phase requires different to moisture content.Children's ear phase: the ear bud forms and proceeds to gradually the exhibition sheet, and this stage generally needs 10 days, mainly by mycelium, in medium, draws nutrient and moisture, carries the young unfamiliar to the ear length of supply.Spray water this period and be advisable with few spray, relative air humidity
Just can normal growth while being 85%, therefore be also referred to as the little water phase.Vegetative period: refer to fruit body and enter the vigorous stage of growth.This stage is because sporophore growth is grown required nutrient, moisture is more, demand to space relative moisture and oxygen also increases thereupon, now injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%, is called as the period when a river is at its normal level this period.Maturing stage: grow to 5 sixty percent when ripe when fruit body, ambient temperature is higher, as be in for a long time under high heat, high humidity environment, and the easy bacteria infection of the medium in the bacterium bag.The 1-1.5 hour that now should spray water between the lights, spraying water after 3 hours 1 hour in interval, answers the whole day water spray when overcast and rainy again.Fruit body is grown to when medium well and can be plucked.
The woodear kind should adopt the kind that is applicable to local juggle cultivation, should have growth soon, easily hack, the black characteristics such as thick of auricle.To go out ear spring and autumn for well, the spring plants swing bag and goes out the ear time when ground temperature, to be stabilized in 13 ℃ of left and right, at the beginning of the north is 4 the end of month to 5 month; Autumn plants mean temperature of air and should be below 20 ℃, and the north is that swing bag goes out ear at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a bacterium bag cultivating woodear, is characterized in that, method is as follows:
Step 1: inoculation:
Adopt the sterile working mode to be inoculated, the woodear bacterial classification that connects is preserved in Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center (CCTCC), and preserving number is woodear DL202CCTCC M2011138;
Step 2: send out bacterium:
Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, as with the bacterium rod fast bacterium processed be 30-45 days, traditional charge level connects bacterium and takes 45-70 days, adopt horizontal swing bag method at bacteria developing period, under the bacterium frame, the number ground floor is put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag; Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days after inoculation, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, and the hyphal development phase inoculates rear 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, and the mycelia ramp phase inoculates latter 15 days, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃; After maturing stage inoculate 35 days, mycelia enters the physiological ripening stage, soon from vegetative growth phase, is transitioned into generative growth phase, and room temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃;
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, and ventilate 1-2 every day, is no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth; North of china in winter is excessively cold takes the short time repeatedly to ventilate;
Step 3: designated port:
When covering with the bacterium bag and reach physiological ripening, mycelia to carry out designated port, adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " product " font and draw " 1 " word mouth, the angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle, the length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag, draw hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm;
Step 4: urge ear:
Concentrate and urge ear after bacterium bag designated port, day temperature is more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃; Before swing bag is concentrated and to be urged ear, first the bacterium bed is processed, spread woven bag or mulch film on the bacterium bed, then on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization; Mulch film should first punch, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, finally will concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed; Should bacterium bag sack is downward during swing bag, between bag and bag, distance is 15-18cm.
Step 5: Shi Shui:
The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, i.e. young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, every one-phase requires different to moisture content; Children's ear phase sprays water and is advisable with few spray, just can normal growth when relative air humidity is 85%; Vegetative period, injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%; The maturing stage 1-1.5 hour that sprays water between the lights, spraying water after 3 hours 1 hour in interval, answers the whole day water spray during cloudy day again; Fruit body is grown to when medium well and can be plucked;
Described bacterium bag preparation method is as follows:
By the quality percentage composition, take following material, rice chaff 15%, beancake powder 1%, gypsum 1%, wood chip 83%, wherein said wood chip is comprised of 2/3rds graininess wood chips that account for the wood chip gross weight and 1/3rd the band wood sawdust that accounts for the wood chip gross weight, described graininess wood chip and be that forest zone is fostered the broad-leaved tree juggle that gets off and cut down graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into and the band wood sawdust of sawmilling residue auxiliary material with wood sawdust, graininess wood chip volume is 8-20mm
3;
Bacterium bag preparation is according to above-mentioned formula spice pack, and moisture content is 60%-70%, and the medium degree of tightness in the bacterium bag of packing into is wanted appropriateness, when the high 20cm of bacterium bag, is sealed, and the sterilizing of bacterium bag adopts high pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2h or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours.
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| CN102972204A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | Artificial cultivating method for edible mushrooms |
| CN103460995A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-25 | 兴安县铭晖食用菌种植有限公司 | Hyphe temperature management method for black fungus culture |
| CN104429582B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-05-10 | 孙君莲 | Method for carrying out black fungus substituted-medium cultivation with moisturizing sleeve mesh, and moisturizing sleeve mesh |
| CN107396749A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-28 | 林燕 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus |
| CN107624515A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 建瓯市元润塑料有限公司 | Black fungus open air cultivating bacteria bag and its preparation and application method |
| CN110495350B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-11-16 | 武传锋 | High-yield cultivation method for coral black fungus |
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