CN102754564A - Fungi bag, manufacture method of fungi bag, and method for cultivating black fungus by using fungi bag - Google Patents
Fungi bag, manufacture method of fungi bag, and method for cultivating black fungus by using fungi bag Download PDFInfo
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- CN102754564A CN102754564A CN2012102349075A CN201210234907A CN102754564A CN 102754564 A CN102754564 A CN 102754564A CN 2012102349075 A CN2012102349075 A CN 2012102349075A CN 201210234907 A CN201210234907 A CN 201210234907A CN 102754564 A CN102754564 A CN 102754564A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fungi bag, a manufacture method of the fungi bag, and a method for cultivating black fungus by using the fungi bag, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: taking granular sawdust processed from wood blocks and branches of cutting tailings cultivated in a forest district as a cultivation raw material, and densely cutting the fungi bag by adopting an agaric rising and growing manner in a wild wood block, so that shapes of agarics and thicknesses of auricles are very close to states of agaric on the wild wood block; and simulating the agaric rising manner under natural conditions, well coordinating the relationship among air humidity, ventilation and illumination, and promoting growth of black fungus fruiting bodies, so that color and lustre of black fungus are very close to the state of agaric on the wild wood block. The strain used by the invention is the black fungus strain (the preservation number is black fungus DL202 CCTCC M 2011138) preserved in the China centre for type culture collection (CCTCC). According to the invention, the problem of being insufficient in raw material sawdust source required for production of corresponding edible fungi is solved; produced black funguses are good in quality; and the economical benefit of cultivators is obviously increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible fungus culturing with composts or fertilisers of cultivating and planting type, specifically a kind of production technology of utilizing graininess wood chip black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field can be produced with wild juggle and goes out ear high-quality production technology for black fungus very nearly the same.
Background technology
Woodear is that first carries out tame mushroom, starts from China.Production model such as experienced from the felling of wild, log, segment wood cultivated, generation material Pig cultivation, plant the short bag of plastics; Developed into the Open Management pattern that present full exposure concentrated area plants from decentralized system tube reason; The output of woodear is greatly improved, and the woodear quality of substituting stuff cultivation also is enhanced.But though all light radiation cultivating technology for black fungus has improved output, the woodear of substituting stuff cultivation and wild woodear of cultivating with juggle are also having difference aspect look, the flavor; And along with the felling task in forest zone is fewer and feweri, woodear is produced needed raw material-wood chip, and it is weary extremely to have burst, if do not solve the source of wood chip, we can say that the production of black fungus bacterial will be faced with the predicament that does not have raw material and can't produce.
Summary of the invention
Some shortcomings to above-mentioned prior art; The present invention is to provide a kind of production technology of utilizing graininess wood chip black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field; The juggle that utilizes the forest zone to foster to get off with cut down the graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into and be composts or fertilisers of cultivating, that takes to copy woodear in the wild juggle in the course of cultivation goes out ear and growth pattern.
Technology that the present invention adopted is as follows:
A kind of bacterium bag preparation method is following:
By the quality percentage composition, take by weighing following material, rice chaff 15%; Soybean cake powder 1%; Gypsum 1%, wood chip 83%, wherein said wood chip is made up of 2/3rds graininess wood chips that account for the wood chip gross weight and 1/3rd the band saw wood chip that accounts for the wood chip gross weight; Described graininess wood chip and band saw wood chip are that the forest zone is fostered the broad-leaved tree juggle that gets off and cut down the band saw wood chip that graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into and sawmilling remain auxiliary material, and graininess wood chip volume is 8-20mm
3The preparation of bacterium bag is according to above-mentioned prescription spice pack; Moisture content is 60%-70%, and the medium degree of tightness of packing in the bacterium bag is wanted appropriateness, and bacterium sacked material degree of tightness can be measured through feel; Generally with bacterium bag surface Boardy Feeling and flexible, thumb is pressed charge level gently and can be upspring; Also can be through the degree of tightness of weighing bacterium bag weight measurement bacterium bag, bacterium bag weight explains that the pack degree of tightness is suitable about 1.2kg.When the high 20cm of bacterium bag, seal, high pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2 hours or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours are adopted in the sterilization of bacterium bag.
The present invention also has following characteristic:
Use a kind of method of bacterium bag cultivating woodear of the above following:
Step 1: inoculation:
Adopt the sterile working mode to inoculate, the woodear bacterial classification that connects is preserved in Chinese typical culture collection center (CCTCC), and preserving number is woodear DL202CCTCC M 2011138;
Step 2: send out bacterium:
Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, as uses the bacterium rod to make bacterium fast to be 30-45 days, and traditional charge level connects bacterium and takes 45-70 days; Adopt horizontal pendulum bag method at bacteria developing period; Bacterium frame number ground floor is down put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag; Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, the interior bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days of inoculation back, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, and the hyphal development phase is promptly inoculated back 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, and the mycelia ramp phase is promptly inoculated back 15 days, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃; After maturing stage promptly inoculated 35 days, mycelia got into the physiological ripening stage, soon carries out the transition to generative growth phase from vegetative growth phase, and room temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃;
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, and ventilate 1-2 every day, is no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth; North of china in winter is cold excessively takes the short time repeatedly to ventilate;
Step 3: designated port:
When mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and reaches physiological ripening, to carry out designated port, adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " article " font and draw " 1 " word mouth; Angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle; The length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag; Draw the hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm;
Step 4: urge ear:
Concentrate behind the bacterium bag designated port and urge ear, day temperature is more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃; Pendulum bag concentrate urge ear before, earlier the bacterium bed is handled, on the bacterium bed, spread woven bag or mulch film, on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization then; Mulch film should punch earlier, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, will concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed at last; Should bacterium bag sack is downward during the pendulum bag, distance is 15-18cm between bag and the bag.
Step 5: Shi Shui:
The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, and promptly young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, each stage requires different to moisture content; Young ear phase water spray is advisable with few spray, and relative air humidity is 85% o'clock just ability normal growth; Vegetative period, injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%; Maturing stage sprayed water 1-1.5 hour between the lights, sprayed water 1 hour after 3 hours at interval again, answered the whole day water spray during cloudy day; Fruit body is grown to and can be plucked when medium well.
The culture presevation that the present invention adopted is in China typical culture collection center; Classification name: woodear DL202 woodear DL202Auricularia auricular (L.ex Hook.) DL202; Deposit number CCTCC NO.M2011138; Preservation date on April 25th, 2011, Luojiashan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, address Wuhan University
The present invention has following technological merit:
1, to cut down the graininess wood chip of excess brush wood production be 8-20mm in the forest zone
3Irregularly shaped, have that particle is big, good permeability, that nutriment is preserved is lasting, nutriment is carried advantage easily;
2, the cultivation of auricularia auricula bag produced of wood chip on year-on-year basis; The excess brush wood is cut down in the forest zone, and to be processed into the edible black fungus bag cost that the graininess wood chip makes lower; Can save 0.1 yuan for every bag, save 1500 yuan, and have advantages such as mycelial growth is fast, mycelia is sturdy, vitality is strong, mycelia is pure white for 10,000 bags;
3, the woodear that grows with this composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultivation has chromaticness and deceives advantages such as thick, that output is high, and cultivation cycle is short, and for example, thin sawdust is cultivated mycelial growth time and needed 45 days, and the graininess wood chip only need get final product in 35 days; The ear bud forms, and thin sawdust needs 17 days, and the graininess wood chip only needs 12 days;
That takes to copy woodear in the wild juggle in 4, the cultivation process goes out ear and growth pattern; Can produce with wild juggle and go out ear high-quality woodear very nearly the same; The woodear purchasing price of this mode output is high, can greatly improve the woodear product competitiveness on the market at home and abroad.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a bacterium bag designated port mode sketch of the present invention.
Embodiment
Foster the juggle that gets off and cut down the selection of excess branch:
Except that coniferous species other seeds any cut down surplus position all can, broad-leaved trees such as for example northern common willow, willow, birch, Mongolian oak, five jiaos of maples, juglans mandshurica, multiple hardwood crumbs mix use best.
The selection of graininess wood chip processing machine:
The section cracker.Operation principle is at first the forest zone to be fostered the juggle that gets off and cut down the chopping of excess branch in flakes, and then is ground into 8-20mm
3The irregular particle shape.
Simple and easy circular saw formula cracker.Operation principle is that a plurality of roundel saw blades groups are installed to together, is fixed on the base bearing, and high speed rotating under the drive of electromotor or diesel engine is sawn into 8-20mm with branch
3The irregular particle shape.
Distribution
Foster the juggle that gets off and cut down the graininess wood chip that the excess branch processes and account for 2/3rds, the band saw wood chip accounts for 1/3rd to be mixed and uses.The quality percentage composition, rice chaff 15%, soybean cake powder 1%, gypsum 1% mixes wood chip 83%.
The preparation of bacterium bag is according to above-mentioned prescription spice pack, and moisture content is 60%-70%, and medium is packed the interior degree of tightness of bacterium bag into will appropriateness.Bacterium sacked material degree of tightness can be measured through feel, generally with bacterium bag surface Boardy Feeling and flexible, thumb is pressed charge level gently and can be upspring; Also can be through the degree of tightness of weighing bacterium bag weight measurement bacterium bag, bacterium bag weight explains that the pack degree of tightness is suitable about 1.2kg.High pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2 hours or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours are adopted in the sterilization of bacterium bag.Treat that temperature drops to below 30 ℃ and just can inoculate, adopt the sterile working mode to inoculate.Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, is 30 days-45 days as using the bacterium rod to make bacterium fast, and traditional charge level connects bacterium and took 45 days-70 days.Adopt horizontal pendulum bag method at bacteria developing period, bacterium frame number ground floor is down put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag.Reason be near-bottom temperature low to send out bacterium slow, top layer temperature bacterium occurred frequently is fast, sends out bacterium middle and later periods this two-layer bacterium at the bacterium bag and can fall layer, makes the bacterium bag send out bacterium cell age unanimity.Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, the interior bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days of inoculation back, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, makes mycelia in the righttest environment, accelerate material feeding, and field planting spreads, and captures composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The hyphal development phase is promptly inoculated back 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, lets bacterial classification seize charge level rapidly assorted bacterium can't be got into.The mycelia ramp phase is promptly inoculated back 15 days, and temperature is controlled at about 22 ℃, and this phase bacterium bag temperature rises gradually, and self produces heat, and temperature is very big with the outer temperature spread of bag in the bag, and this phase need not artificial heating.After maturing stage promptly inoculated 35 days, mycelia got into the physiological ripening stage, soon carries out the transition to generative growth phase from vegetative growth phase, and room temperature is advisable with 18-20 ℃.
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, should block door and window with felt, and felt has insulation effect again simultaneously.Woodear is again aerobic type mushroom, and the whole growth growth course requires air fresh, to guarantee having enough oxygen to keep the eubolism effect.Must be noted that for this reason and ventilate 1-2 time every day, be no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth.North of china in winter is crossed and coldly can be taked the short time repeatedly to ventilate.
After mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, will carry out designated port when reaching physiological ripening, we have adopted special bacterium bag designated port mode.Adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, plant out syrinx reason mode with copying the generation material, produce the production technology that goes out ear high-quality woodear very nearly the same with wild juggle.Drawing the hole opening is the most important thing of black fungus cultivation in simulated wild field cultivation, and the fine or not direct relation of opening the quality of ear shape, quality, we can say also whether the opening decision black fungus cultivation that lands is the pseudo-wild cultivating mode.When mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and reaches physiological ripening, will carry out designated port, we have adopted special bacterium bag designated port mode.Adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " article " font and draw " 1 " word mouth, angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle; The length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag; Draw the hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm.Draw the hole opening and can use scalpel, also available blade also can roll a bag opening with corresponding blade nail on plank.Each " 1 " word hole can go out 4 in bowl ear, and output can reach 0.7-0.9 two dried ear/bags.
Concentrate behind the bacterium bag designated port and urge ear, best urge ear be opportunity day temperature more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃.This temperature helps the formation of woodear original hase, the growth of fruit body most.Pendulum bag concentrate urge ear before, earlier the bacterium bed is handled, on the bacterium bed, spread woven bag or mulch film etc., make auricle band mud to prevent that the bacterium bag from contacting with ground, on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization then.Mulch film should punch earlier, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, is beneficial to infiltration.To concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed at last.Should bacterium bag sack is downward during the pendulum bag, distance is 15-18cm between bag and the bag.
After urging ear, it is best on the limit, riverbank that ground plants pendulum bag place, the river bank capable of using fog sooner or later ear of preserving moisture out, and humidity can reach more than 80%, very goes out the ear state near wild auricularia auriculajudae under the natural conditions.The flat land full exposure is planted openly, adopts artificial alternation of wetting and drying science to execute water.
Science is executed water.The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, and promptly young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, each stage requires different to moisture content.Children's ear phase: promptly the ear bud forms and changes the exhibition sheet gradually over to, and this stage generally needs 10 days, mainly leans on mycelium in medium, to draw nutrient and moisture, carries the young unfamiliar to the ear length of supply.Spray water this period and be advisable relative air humidity with few spray
Be 85% o'clock just ability normal growth, so also be called as the little water phase.Vegetative period: refer to fruit body and get into the vigorous stage of growth.This stage is owing to sporophore growth growth required nutrient, moisture are more; Demand to space relative moisture and oxygen also increases thereupon; This moment, injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%, is called as the period when a river is at its normal level this period.Maturing stage: grow to 5 sixty percent when ripe when fruit body, ambient temperature is higher, as being under high heat, the high humidity environment the easy bacteria infection of the medium in the bacterium bag for a long time.Should spray water between the lights 1-1.5 hour this moment, sprayed water 1 hour after 3 hours at interval again, answers the whole day water spray when overcast and rainy.Fruit body is grown to and can be plucked when medium well.
The woodear kind should adopt the kind that is fit to local juggle cultivation, should have growth fast, be prone to hack, the black characteristics such as thick of auricle.Going out ear spring and autumn for well, the spring plants the pendulum bag and goes out the ear time being stabilized in about 13 ℃ when ground temperature, at the beginning of the north is 4 the end of month to 5 month; Autumn plants mean temperature of air and should be below 20 ℃, and the north is that the pendulum bag goes out ear at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month.
Claims (3)
1. bacterium bag preparation method, it is characterized in that: method is following:
By the quality percentage composition, take by weighing following material, rice chaff 15%; Soybean cake powder 1%; Gypsum 1%, wood chip 83%, wherein said wood chip is made up of 2/3rds graininess wood chips that account for the wood chip gross weight and 1/3rd the band saw wood chip that accounts for the wood chip gross weight; Described graininess wood chip and band saw wood chip are that the forest zone is fostered the broad-leaved tree juggle that gets off and cut down the band saw wood chip that graininess wood chip that the excess brush wood is processed into and sawmilling remain auxiliary material, and graininess wood chip volume is 8-20mm
3
Bacterium bag preparation is according to above-mentioned prescription spice pack, and moisture content is 60%-70%, and the medium degree of tightness of packing in the bacterium bag is wanted appropriateness, when the high 20cm of bacterium bag, seals, and high pressure steam sterilization, 121 ℃, 2h or normal-pressure sterilization, 100 ℃, 8 hours are adopted in the sterilization of bacterium bag.
2. the bacterium bag that a kind of bacterium bag preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is made.
3. use the method for a kind of bacterium bag cultivating woodear as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: method is following:
Step 1: inoculation:
Adopt the sterile working mode to inoculate, the woodear bacterial classification that connects is preserved in Chinese typical culture collection center (CCTCC), and preserving number is woodear DL202CCTCC M 2011138;
Step 2: send out bacterium:
Cultivated species bacterium bag carries out indoor bacterium, as uses the bacterium rod to make bacterium fast to be 30-45 days, and traditional charge level connects bacterium and takes 45-70 days; Adopt horizontal pendulum bag method at bacteria developing period; Bacterium frame number ground floor is down put two-layer bacterium bag, and the second layer is put four layers of bacterium bag, and top layer is put two-layer bacterium bag; Adopt alternating temperature to send out bacterium, the interior bacterial classification field planting in 1-7 days of inoculation back, this phase temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ℃, and the hyphal development phase is promptly inoculated back 8-15 days, and temperature should be controlled at 22-26 ℃, and the mycelia ramp phase is promptly inoculated back 15 days, and temperature is controlled at 22 ℃; After maturing stage promptly inoculated 35 days, mycelia got into the physiological ripening stage, soon carries out the transition to generative growth phase from vegetative growth phase, and room temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃;
The cultural hypha stage requires dark surrounds, and ventilate 1-2 every day, is no less than 30 minutes at every turn, to promote mycelial growth; North of china in winter is cold excessively takes the short time repeatedly to ventilate;
Step 3: designated port:
When mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and reaches physiological ripening, to carry out designated port, adopt intensive stroke of hole to go out the ear method, be " article " font and draw " 1 " word mouth; Angle of " 1 " word and bacterium bag plane are miter angle; The length of " 1 " word is 5-8mm, and the high 18-20cm of bacterium bag draws hole 120-180 for every bag; Draw the hole and require marshalling, even, the degree of depth is 3-5mm;
Step 4: urge ear:
Concentrate behind the bacterium bag designated port and urge ear, day temperature is more than 13 ℃, below 20 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 0 ℃; Pendulum bag concentrate urge ear before, earlier the bacterium bed is handled, on the bacterium bed, spread woven bag or mulch film, on woven bag or mulch film, spread the lime sterilization then; Mulch film should punch earlier, and the spacing of Kong Yukong is 5cm, will concentrate the bacterium bag of designated port to be placed on the bacterium bed at last; Should bacterium bag sack is downward during the pendulum bag, distance is 15-18cm between bag and the bag.
Step 5: Shi Shui:
The woodear sporophore growth is grown and is divided into 3 stages, and promptly young ear phase, vegetative period and maturing stage, each stage requires different to moisture content; Young ear phase water spray is advisable with few spray, and relative air humidity is 85% o'clock just ability normal growth; Vegetative period, injection flow rate should strengthen gradually, and air humidity should be brought up to 90-95% by original 85%; Maturing stage sprayed water 1-1.5 hour between the lights, sprayed water 1 hour after 3 hours at interval again, answered the whole day water spray during cloudy day; Fruit body is grown to and can be plucked when medium well.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN102972204A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | Artificial cultivating method for edible mushrooms |
| CN103460995A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-25 | 兴安县铭晖食用菌种植有限公司 | Hyphe temperature management method for black fungus culture |
| CN104429582A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 孙君莲 | Method for carrying out black fungus substituted-medium cultivation with moisturizing sleeve mesh, and moisturizing sleeve mesh |
| CN107396749A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-28 | 林燕 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus |
| CN107624515A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 建瓯市元润塑料有限公司 | Black fungus open air cultivating bacteria bag and its preparation and application method |
| CN110495350A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-26 | 武传锋 | A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972204A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | Artificial cultivating method for edible mushrooms |
| CN103460995A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-25 | 兴安县铭晖食用菌种植有限公司 | Hyphe temperature management method for black fungus culture |
| CN104429582A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 孙君莲 | Method for carrying out black fungus substituted-medium cultivation with moisturizing sleeve mesh, and moisturizing sleeve mesh |
| CN104429582B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-05-10 | 孙君莲 | Method for carrying out black fungus substituted-medium cultivation with moisturizing sleeve mesh, and moisturizing sleeve mesh |
| CN107396749A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-28 | 林燕 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus |
| CN107624515A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 建瓯市元润塑料有限公司 | Black fungus open air cultivating bacteria bag and its preparation and application method |
| CN110495350A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-26 | 武传锋 | A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield |
| CN110495350B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-11-16 | 武传锋 | High-yield cultivation method for coral black fungus |
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