CN110495350A - A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield - Google Patents
A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110495350A CN110495350A CN201910892030.0A CN201910892030A CN110495350A CN 110495350 A CN110495350 A CN 110495350A CN 201910892030 A CN201910892030 A CN 201910892030A CN 110495350 A CN110495350 A CN 110495350A
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 title description 45
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000205578 Thalictrum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 68
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, comprising the following steps: compost is prepared, packs sterilizing, inoculation, Mycelium culture, ear management and harvesting and final-period management.The present invention has carried out detailed analysis and specific term restriction to cultural method, and simple process and low cost, repeatability is strong, there is good application prospect.The temperature of conventional agaric mycelium culture is 18-23 DEG C, can deform more than this temperature agaric, cannot get the black fungus of high-quality；And the present invention sets special temperature to turn out coral black fungus, at this temperature, the agaric turned out looks very alike coral.In order to further enhance yield, culture material is optimized in the present invention, joined grass of meadow rue and paper mulberry juice on the basis of traditional cultivation material, by the synergy of the two, has been obviously improved the yield of coral black fungus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus cultivation method field more particularly to a kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield.
Background technique
Coral black fungus type is like coral therefore coral black fungus is claimed to resist miscellaneous energy outside shaped like coral, the colloid such as crisp cunning of ear, mouthfeel
Power is strong, biological efficiency is high, can reach black fungus yield.
Biological characteristics
1, temperature: an important factor for temperature is left and right coral black fungus growth rate and vital movement intensity.Coral
Black fungus category high temperature type mushroom, its spore germination temperature is between 22-32 DEG C of range, with 25 DEG C of optimums.Mycelia is in 8-
Can be grown between 36 DEG C, but with 22-27 DEG C be it is suitable, at 8 DEG C hereinafter, 38 DEG C or more are suppressed.Coral black fungus mycelia
Low temperature resistant but non-refractory.It can be with lethal coral fungus mycelium, so the preservation temperature of coral black fungus is most under long-time high temperature
Fortunately 5 DEG C or more.Coral black fungus belongs to constant temperature robustness mushroom.Coral black fungus mycelia can divide under the conditions of 15-32 DEG C
Fructification is turned to, and growing optimal temperature is 20-25 DEG C.35 DEG C or more are suppressed.Temperature is slightly lower cause growth and development it is slow,
Growth cycle is long, and mycelium is healthy and strong, and fructification color is black, full within the scope of suitable temperature, the advantageous coral for obtaining high yield and high quality
Coral black fungus；It is faster that temperature is cured Seedling height rate of development, the easy aging of over growth of hyphae, and fructification is yellow and meat is thin and weak.
2, moisture and humidity: water is the important component of coral black fungus, can also promote the metabolism of coral black fungus, help
It absorbs nutrition.Coral agaric requires moisture in each stage of growth and development.In fruit body development period with greater need for a large amount of water
Point.The spore germination of coral black fungus needs moisture.Sprout time is slightly long on solid medium.The water content of conventional medium
Requirement when can satisfy spore germination to moisture.
The moisture overwhelming majority needed for coral black fungus growth and development both is from compost, and Compost moisture content is produce agaric
An important factor for.Coral agaric is in mycelial field planting, sprawling；The water content of growth period compost should be 60-70%.Moisture
The very few absorption and utilization for influencing mycelium to nutriment, viability reduce；Excess moisture causes gas permeability bad, and oxygen is not
Foot is suppressed mycelial growth and development, in some instances it may even be possible to death by suffocation.Fruit-body formation period requires humidity tighter
Lattice.In addition to culture medium requires water content 70%, also relative air humidity is required to be maintained at 90-95%.It can promote son in this way
Entity growth is rapid, ear is full greatly.It is slow lower than 80% fruit-body formation or even be not easy to form fructification.
3, illumination: requirement of the coral black fungus each stage of development to illumination is different.In dark or there is the environment for scattering light
Middle mycelia can normal growth.Light turns to reproductive growth from nutrient growth to coral black fungus and inspires effect, this may be with bacterium
The enzyme system photoinduction or activation of class physiological conversion are related.Coral black fungus is hardly formed fructification in dark environment, only
Healthy and strong fructification can just be grown by having certain scattering light.Coral black fungus color under direct light is more black.
4, air: coral black fungus is aerobic fungi.Its respiration is to absorb oxygen discharge carbon dioxide.Work as sky
Mycelial growth will be hindered when carbon dioxide is more than 1% in gas, fructification becomes irregular at deformity；It will more than 5%
Fructification is caused to be poisoned to death.Therefore in the entire growth and development process of coral black fungus, cultivation area should maintain the circulation of air
It is fresh.When making strain, the moisture of compost can not be too many, and bottling cannot expire very much, to supply the necessary oxygen of mycelium.Separately
Outer air circulation is pure and fresh also to can avoid rotten ear, reduces the growth of disease pest.
5, pH value (pH): coral black fungus is suitable for living in the environment of subacidity.Mycelium is within the scope of pH 4-7
Can normal growth, using pH 5.5-6.5 as optimum.
The present invention is on the basis of the biological characteristics to coral black fungus are studied, to the cultivation side of coral black fungus
Method has done further research, obtains a kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, comprising the following steps:
A compost is prepared
Compost is the material base of black fungus fast growing and high yield, and correct proportion is very crucial, using artificial or blender spice；
It is first that various raw material dry mixing are uniform when artificial spice, obtain siccative；It adds water and stirs 3-4 times repeatedly, make moisture absorption, then use iron
Sieve or electric sieve sieving, keep its more uniform, and sift out impurity；It should pack in time；Such as high temperature, the time is long, and acid occurs for compost
Become, bacterium bag yield rate can reduce after inoculation；
B pack sterilizing
1, the pack elasticity of standard should be pinched with manpower material grasping bag of growing up, the five fingers with moderate force, and bag face is printed in micro pits
It is advisable；Pollution has been packed, too tight frangible pouch, and also poor air permeability, bacterium germination slow growth be easy to cause mycelia aging, influence to produce
Amount；
2, using normal pressure or high pressure sterilization: when normal-pressure sterilization, sterilization time should be remained to 10-18 hours；High pressure sterilization goes out
The bacterium time is kept for 1.5-2 hours, that is, can reach the purpose of sterilizing；
C inoculation
Cultivating bacteria bag after sterilization is sent into inoculating hood or transfer room, the original seed after inoculation is placed in cultivating bacteria bag；
It must prior pre-sterilization before inoculating hood or transfer room inoculation；Bacterium bag material temperature after taking the dish out of the pot can be inoculated with when being down to 30 DEG C or less；It will
Strain, tool etc. are put into bacterium case together or connect and sterilize together in bacterium room 30 minutes, reach sterility requirements inoculation；
D Mycelium culture
Agaric mycelium grows the requirement to temperature, should control respectively by different times growth phase；
1, germination period: after inoculation 1-3 days 26-28 DEG C be advisable；Growth with mycelia in 4-10 days, in bag temperature gradually on
It rises, bag temperature is 2 DEG C higher than room temperature, therefore room temperature should control and be advisable at 24-25 DEG C；
2, the healthy and strong phase: 15-25 days are that mycelia decomposes the nutritional capacity strongest stage that absorbs, and mycelia growth is vigorous, healthy and strong, new
Old faster metabolism, bag temperature continue to increase, and room temperature is advisable with 21-23 DEG C；
3, the maturity period: mycelia enters the physiological maturity stage after 30 days, i.e., will be from nutrient growth excessively to reproductive growth, room
Temperature is advisable with 18-20 DEG C；
4, control indoor humidity is 45% or so, is protected from light culture, reinforces ventilation and increases indoor oxygen；
E ear management
1, cultivation area selects: it is required that flat, topography is higher, not ponding, close to water source；Convenient for irrigating；Using vacant lot,
Woodland etc., which makees 1.5 or 2.8 meters of bacterium beds, to be advisable；
2, be open vernalization: can be open vernalization when ambient temperature rises to 5-10 DEG C or more, open 80-100 1-shaped open, mouth
Long 1.5-2cm, depth 0.5-0.7cm；Deep, 5 centimetres from bag bottom or more preferably；
3, it induces former base: entering former base formation and ear bud stage of development after opening, to ensure that former base is formed, it is necessary to conscientiously slap
The following is held, 1., mycelia compound eye: to make the fast quick-recovery of mycelia, culture rejuvenation must be concentrated after opening, bacterium bag is arranged in bacterium
The bed tight film of upper cover, allows bacterium bag to park in miniclimate 5-7 days, makes the rejuvenation as early as possible of pocket mycelia, 2., concentrates vernalization, concentration is urged
Bud is to solve the problem of dry, travel fatigue is big, and former base is formed slowly, produce agaric uneven influence yield；3., germination temperature should grasp
At 15-25 DEG C；For moisturizing development, ear base is formed based on moisturizing, and air humidity 85% or so is advisable；Black fungus former base formed or
Break up ear bud and needs artificial progress temperature, humidity and light stimulation；Bed management can be divided after ear bud is long together；
4, generation material culture coral black fungus sporophore growth development is divided into every 3 stages, i.e., young ear phase, growth period and maturation
Phase, to the requirement of moisture difference in the period of different；The young ear phase be 5-7 days mainly by mycelium with base interior suction adopt point with
Moisture, the unfamiliar to the ear length of conveying supply children, relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% or so, growth period and fructification prosperous growth phase, required
Nutrient and moisture concentrate, the demand to humidity and oxygen is consequently increased, and to increase amount of water sprayed at this time；More to cut off the water shine bag with
Benefit ventilation；Auricle is cut off the water 1-2 days again when cutting off the water when growing to 2-3 centimetres 1-2 days, 4-5 centimetres, and watering later is until harvesting；Increase
Intensity of illumination and extension light application time, can promote the moisture content in auricle rising, improve mycelia metabolism vigor, become auricle
Full, color blackening, quality is good；Young ear phase, growth period and the maturity period of the coral black fungus sporophore growth development, temperature
Degree control will lead to coral black fungus sporophore growth deformity more than 20 DEG C at≤20 DEG C；
F harvesting and final-period management
Best collecting time is 7-8 points ripe, and fructification shows as basal part of the ear contraction, auricle expansion；Ying Cai great stays small principle, and
When dry；After first batch of part harvests, 15-20 days or so solarization bags of cutting off the water harden to bacterium bag recovery, continue to water, can adopt second
Recommend ear.
Preferably, in the step A, the siccative, including following component: rice bran, bean powder, corn flour, medical stone
Powder, grass of meadow rue, gypsum and sawdust.
Preferably, in the step A, the mass ratio of the dry powder and water is (60-70): 100.
Preferably, the siccative, by following weight percent at being grouped as: rice bran 8-15%, bean powder 3-8%, jade
Rice flour 1-3%, medical stone powder 1-2%, grass of meadow rue 1-3%, gypsum 1-2% and sawdust surplus.
Preferably, the paper mulberry juice that mass fraction is 2-5% is added in the step A, in the water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield of the invention is prepared, pack sterilizing, inoculation, mycelium training from compost
Feeding, ear management and harvesting and the several steps of final-period management have carried out detailed analysis and specific condition limit to cultural method
Fixed, simple process and low cost, repeatability is strong, there is good application prospect.
2, the temperature of conventional agaric mycelium culture is 18-23 DEG C, can deform, cannot get more than this temperature agaric
The black fungus of high-quality；And the present invention sets special temperature, at this temperature, cultivates to turn out coral black fungus
Agaric out looks very alike coral.
3, in order to further enhance yield, culture material is optimized in the present invention, is added on the basis of traditional cultivation material
Enter grass of meadow rue and paper mulberry juice, by the synergy of the two, is obviously improved the yield of coral black fungus.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: Fig. 1 (A), (B), (C) are the different corals that the cultural method using embodiment 1 of inventor's shooting is cultivated
The photo of coral black fungus.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, comprising the following steps:
A compost is prepared
Compost is the material base of black fungus fast growing and high yield, and correct proportion is very crucial, using artificial or blender spice；
It is first that various raw material dry mixing are uniform when artificial spice, obtain siccative；It adds water and stirs 3-4 times repeatedly, make moisture absorption, then use iron
Sieve or electric sieve sieving, keep its more uniform, and sift out impurity；It should pack in time；Such as high temperature, the time is long, and acid occurs for compost
Become, bacterium bag yield rate can reduce after inoculation；
B pack sterilizing
1, the pack elasticity of standard should be pinched with manpower material grasping bag of growing up, the five fingers with moderate force, and bag face is printed in micro pits
It is advisable；Pollution has been packed, too tight frangible pouch, and also poor air permeability, bacterium germination slow growth be easy to cause mycelia aging, influence to produce
Amount；
2, using normal-pressure sterilization, bacterium bag is 2000 bags, and sterilization time is 14 hours；
C inoculation
Cultivating bacteria bag after sterilization is sent into inoculating hood or transfer room, the original seed after inoculation is placed in cultivating bacteria bag；
It must prior pre-sterilization before inoculating hood or transfer room inoculation；Bacterium bag material temperature after taking the dish out of the pot can be inoculated with when being down to 30 DEG C or less；It will
Strain, tool etc. are put into bacterium case together or connect and sterilize together in bacterium room 30 minutes, reach sterility requirements inoculation；
D Mycelium culture
Agaric mycelium grows the requirement to temperature, should control respectively by different times growth phase；
1, germination period: after inoculation 1-3 days 26-28 DEG C be advisable；Growth with mycelia in 4-10 days, in bag temperature gradually on
It rises, bag temperature is 2 DEG C higher than room temperature, therefore room temperature should control and be advisable at 24-25 DEG C；
2, the healthy and strong phase: 15-25 days are that mycelia decomposes the nutritional capacity strongest stage that absorbs, and mycelia growth is vigorous, healthy and strong, new
Old faster metabolism, bag temperature continue to increase, and room temperature is advisable with 21-23 DEG C；
3, the maturity period: mycelia enters the physiological maturity stage after 30 days, i.e., will be from nutrient growth excessively to reproductive growth, room
Temperature is advisable with 18-20 DEG C；
4, control indoor humidity is 45% or so, is protected from light culture, reinforces ventilation and increases indoor oxygen；
E ear management
1, cultivation area selects: it is required that flat, topography is higher, not ponding, close to water source；Convenient for irrigating；Using vacant lot,
Woodland etc., which makees 1.5 or 2.8 meters of bacterium beds, to be advisable；
2, be open vernalization: can be open vernalization when ambient temperature rises to 5-10 DEG C or more, open 80-100 1-shaped open, mouth
Long 1.5-2cm, depth 0.5-0.7cm；Deep, 5 centimetres from bag bottom or more preferably；
3, it induces former base: entering former base formation and ear bud stage of development after opening, to ensure that former base is formed, it is necessary to conscientiously slap
The following is held, 1., mycelia compound eye: to make the fast quick-recovery of mycelia, culture rejuvenation must be concentrated after opening, bacterium bag is arranged in bacterium
The bed tight film of upper cover, allows bacterium bag to park in miniclimate 5-7 days, makes the rejuvenation as early as possible of pocket mycelia, 2., concentrates vernalization, concentration is urged
Bud is to solve the problem of dry, travel fatigue is big, and former base is formed slowly, produce agaric uneven influence yield；3., germination temperature should grasp
At 15-25 DEG C；For moisturizing development, ear base is formed based on moisturizing, and air humidity 85% or so is advisable；Black fungus former base formed or
Break up ear bud and needs artificial progress temperature, humidity and light stimulation；Bed management can be divided after ear bud is long together；
4, generation material culture coral black fungus sporophore growth development is divided into every 3 stages, i.e., young ear phase, growth period and maturation
Phase, to the requirement of moisture difference in the period of different；The young ear phase be 5-7 days mainly by mycelium with base interior suction adopt point with
Moisture, the unfamiliar to the ear length of conveying supply children, relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% or so, growth period and fructification prosperous growth phase, required
Nutrient and moisture concentrate, the demand to humidity and oxygen is consequently increased, and to increase amount of water sprayed at this time；More to cut off the water shine bag with
Benefit ventilation；Auricle is cut off the water 1-2 days again when cutting off the water when growing to 2-3 centimetres 1-2 days, 4-5 centimetres, and watering later is until harvesting；Increase
Intensity of illumination and extension light application time, can promote the moisture content in auricle rising, improve mycelia metabolism vigor, become auricle
Full, color blackening, quality is good；Young ear phase, growth period and the maturity period of the coral black fungus sporophore growth development, temperature
Degree control will lead to coral black fungus sporophore growth deformity more than 20 DEG C at≤20 DEG C；
F harvesting and final-period management
Best collecting time is 7-8 points ripe, and fructification shows as basal part of the ear contraction, auricle expansion；Ying Cai great stays small principle, and
When dry；After first batch of part harvests, 15-20 days or so solarization bags of cutting off the water harden to bacterium bag recovery, continue to water, can adopt second
Recommend ear.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry powder and water is 62:100.Mass fraction is added in the water is
3.5% paper mulberry juice.
The siccative, by following weight percent at being grouped as: rice bran 12%, bean powder 5%, corn flour 2%, wheat meal
Mountain flour 1.5%, grass of meadow rue 1.5%, gypsum 1.5% and sawdust surplus.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, comprising the following steps:
A compost is prepared
Compost is the material base of black fungus fast growing and high yield, and correct proportion is very crucial, using artificial or blender spice；
It is first that various raw material dry mixing are uniform when artificial spice, obtain siccative；It adds water and stirs 3-4 times repeatedly, make moisture absorption, then use iron
Sieve or electric sieve sieving, keep its more uniform, and sift out impurity；It should pack in time；Such as high temperature, the time is long, and acid occurs for compost
Become, bacterium bag yield rate can reduce after inoculation；
B pack sterilizing
1, the pack elasticity of standard should be pinched with manpower material grasping bag of growing up, the five fingers with moderate force, and bag face is printed in micro pits
It is advisable；Pollution has been packed, too tight frangible pouch, and also poor air permeability, bacterium germination slow growth be easy to cause mycelia aging, influence to produce
Amount；
2, using high pressure sterilization: sterilization time is kept for 2 hours, that is, can reach the purpose of sterilizing；
C inoculation
Cultivating bacteria bag after sterilization is sent into inoculating hood or transfer room, the original seed after inoculation is placed in cultivating bacteria bag；
It must prior pre-sterilization before inoculating hood or transfer room inoculation；Bacterium bag material temperature after taking the dish out of the pot can be inoculated with when being down to 30 DEG C or less；It will
Strain, tool etc. are put into bacterium case together or connect and sterilize together in bacterium room 30 minutes, reach sterility requirements inoculation；
D Mycelium culture
Agaric mycelium grows the requirement to temperature, should control respectively by different times growth phase；
1, germination period: after inoculation 1-3 days 26-28 DEG C be advisable；Growth with mycelia in 4-10 days, in bag temperature gradually on
It rises, bag temperature is 2 DEG C higher than room temperature, therefore room temperature should control and be advisable at 24-25 DEG C；
2, the healthy and strong phase: 15-25 days are that mycelia decomposes the nutritional capacity strongest stage that absorbs, and mycelia growth is vigorous, healthy and strong, new
Old faster metabolism, bag temperature continue to increase, and room temperature is advisable with 21-23 DEG C；
3, the maturity period: mycelia enters the physiological maturity stage after 30 days, i.e., will be from nutrient growth excessively to reproductive growth, room
Temperature is advisable with 18-20 DEG C；
4, control indoor humidity is 45% or so, is protected from light culture, reinforces ventilation and increases indoor oxygen；
E ear management
1, cultivation area selects: it is required that flat, topography is higher, not ponding, close to water source；Convenient for irrigating；Using vacant lot,
Woodland etc., which makees 1.5 or 2.8 meters of bacterium beds, to be advisable；
2, be open vernalization: can be open vernalization when ambient temperature rises to 5-10 DEG C or more, open 80-100 1-shaped open, mouth
Long 1.5-2cm, depth 0.5-0.7cm；Deep, 5 centimetres from bag bottom or more preferably；
3, it induces former base: entering former base formation and ear bud stage of development after opening, to ensure that former base is formed, it is necessary to conscientiously slap
The following is held, 1., mycelia compound eye: to make the fast quick-recovery of mycelia, culture rejuvenation must be concentrated after opening, bacterium bag is arranged in bacterium
The bed tight film of upper cover, allows bacterium bag to park in miniclimate 5-7 days, makes the rejuvenation as early as possible of pocket mycelia, 2., concentrates vernalization, concentration is urged
Bud is to solve the problem of dry, travel fatigue is big, and former base is formed slowly, produce agaric uneven influence yield；3., germination temperature should grasp
At 15-25 DEG C；For moisturizing development, ear base is formed based on moisturizing, and air humidity 85% or so is advisable；Black fungus former base formed or
Break up ear bud and needs artificial progress temperature, humidity and light stimulation；Bed management can be divided after ear bud is long together；
4, generation material culture coral black fungus sporophore growth development is divided into every 3 stages, i.e., young ear phase, growth period and maturation
Phase, to the requirement of moisture difference in the period of different；The young ear phase be 5-7 days mainly by mycelium with base interior suction adopt point with
Moisture, the unfamiliar to the ear length of conveying supply children, relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% or so, growth period and fructification prosperous growth phase, required
Nutrient and moisture concentrate, the demand to humidity and oxygen is consequently increased, and to increase amount of water sprayed at this time；More to cut off the water shine bag with
Benefit ventilation；Auricle is cut off the water 1-2 days again when cutting off the water when growing to 2-3 centimetres 1-2 days, 4-5 centimetres, and watering later is until harvesting；Increase
Intensity of illumination and extension light application time, can promote the moisture content in auricle rising, improve mycelia metabolism vigor, become auricle
Full, color blackening, quality is good；Young ear phase, growth period and the maturity period of the coral black fungus sporophore growth development, temperature
Degree control will lead to coral black fungus sporophore growth deformity more than 20 DEG C at≤20 DEG C；
F harvesting and final-period management
Best collecting time is 7-8 points ripe, and fructification shows as basal part of the ear contraction, auricle expansion；Ying Cai great stays small principle, and
When dry；After first batch of part harvests, 15-20 days or so solarization bags of cutting off the water harden to bacterium bag recovery, continue to water, can adopt second
Recommend ear.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry powder and water is 3:5.It is 5% that mass fraction is added in the water
Paper mulberry juice.
The siccative, by following weight percent at being grouped as: rice bran 15%, bean powder 3%, corn flour 3%, wheat meal
Mountain flour 1%, grass of meadow rue 3%, gypsum 1% and sawdust surplus.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, comprising the following steps:
A compost is prepared
Compost is the material base of black fungus fast growing and high yield, and correct proportion is very crucial, using artificial or blender spice；
It is first that various raw material dry mixing are uniform when artificial spice, obtain siccative；It adds water and stirs 3-4 times repeatedly, make moisture absorption, then use iron
Sieve or electric sieve sieving, keep its more uniform, and sift out impurity；It should pack in time；Such as high temperature, the time is long, and acid occurs for compost
Become, bacterium bag yield rate can reduce after inoculation；
B pack sterilizing
1, the pack elasticity of standard should be pinched with manpower material grasping bag of growing up, the five fingers with moderate force, and bag face is printed in micro pits
It is advisable；Pollution has been packed, too tight frangible pouch, and also poor air permeability, bacterium germination slow growth be easy to cause mycelia aging, influence to produce
Amount；
2, use normal-pressure sterilization: for bacterium bag for 3500 bags, sterilization time is 18 hours；
C inoculation
Cultivating bacteria bag after sterilization is sent into inoculating hood or transfer room, the original seed after inoculation is placed in cultivating bacteria bag；
It must prior pre-sterilization before inoculating hood or transfer room inoculation；Bacterium bag material temperature after taking the dish out of the pot can be inoculated with when being down to 30 DEG C or less；It will
Strain, tool etc. are put into bacterium case together or connect and sterilize together in bacterium room 30 minutes, reach sterility requirements inoculation；
D Mycelium culture
Agaric mycelium grows the requirement to temperature, should control respectively by different times growth phase；
1, germination period: after inoculation 1-3 days 26-28 DEG C be advisable；Growth with mycelia in 4-10 days, in bag temperature gradually on
It rises, bag temperature is 2 DEG C higher than room temperature, therefore room temperature should control and be advisable at 24-25 DEG C；
2, the healthy and strong phase: 15-25 days are that mycelia decomposes the nutritional capacity strongest stage that absorbs, and mycelia growth is vigorous, healthy and strong, new
Old faster metabolism, bag temperature continue to increase, and room temperature is advisable with 21-23 DEG C；
3, the maturity period: mycelia enters the physiological maturity stage after 30 days, i.e., will be from nutrient growth excessively to reproductive growth, room
Temperature is advisable with 18-20 DEG C；
4, control indoor humidity is 45% or so, is protected from light culture, reinforces ventilation and increases indoor oxygen；
E ear management
1, cultivation area selects: it is required that flat, topography is higher, not ponding, close to water source；Convenient for irrigating；Using vacant lot,
Woodland etc., which makees 1.5 or 2.8 meters of bacterium beds, to be advisable；
2, be open vernalization: can be open vernalization when ambient temperature rises to 5-10 DEG C or more, open 80-100 1-shaped open, mouth
Long 1.5-2cm, depth 0.5-0.7cm；Deep, 5 centimetres from bag bottom or more preferably；
3, it induces former base: entering former base formation and ear bud stage of development after opening, to ensure that former base is formed, it is necessary to conscientiously slap
The following is held, 1., mycelia compound eye: to make the fast quick-recovery of mycelia, culture rejuvenation must be concentrated after opening, bacterium bag is arranged in bacterium
The bed tight film of upper cover, allows bacterium bag to park in miniclimate 5-7 days, makes the rejuvenation as early as possible of pocket mycelia, 2., concentrates vernalization, concentration is urged
Bud is to solve the problem of dry, travel fatigue is big, and former base is formed slowly, produce agaric uneven influence yield；3., germination temperature should grasp
At 15-25 DEG C；For moisturizing development, ear base is formed based on moisturizing, and air humidity 85% or so is advisable；Black fungus former base formed or
Break up ear bud and needs artificial progress temperature, humidity and light stimulation；Bed management can be divided after ear bud is long together；
4, generation material culture coral black fungus sporophore growth development is divided into every 3 stages, i.e., young ear phase, growth period and maturation
Phase, to the requirement of moisture difference in the period of different；The young ear phase be 5-7 days mainly by mycelium with base interior suction adopt point with
Moisture, the unfamiliar to the ear length of conveying supply children, relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% or so, growth period and fructification prosperous growth phase, required
Nutrient and moisture concentrate, the demand to humidity and oxygen is consequently increased, and to increase amount of water sprayed at this time；More to cut off the water shine bag with
Benefit ventilation；Auricle is cut off the water 1-2 days again when cutting off the water when growing to 2-3 centimetres 1-2 days, 4-5 centimetres, and watering later is until harvesting；Increase
Intensity of illumination and extension light application time, can promote the moisture content in auricle rising, improve mycelia metabolism vigor, become auricle
Full, color blackening, quality is good；Young ear phase, growth period and the maturity period of the coral black fungus sporophore growth development, temperature
Degree control will lead to coral black fungus sporophore growth deformity more than 20 DEG C at≤20 DEG C；
F harvesting and final-period management
Best collecting time is 7-8 points ripe, and fructification shows as basal part of the ear contraction, auricle expansion；Ying Cai great stays small principle, and
When dry；After first batch of part harvests, 15-20 days or so solarization bags of cutting off the water harden to bacterium bag recovery, continue to water, can adopt second
Recommend ear.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry powder and water is 7:10.Mass fraction is added in the water is
2% paper mulberry juice.
The siccative, by following weight percent at being grouped as: rice bran 8%, bean powder 8%, corn flour 1%, wheat meal
Mountain flour 2%, grass of meadow rue 1%, gypsum 2% and sawdust surplus.
Comparative example 1
By the grass of meadow rue removal in embodiment 1, remaining proportion and preparation method are constant.
Comparative example 2
By the paper mulberry juice removal in embodiment 1, remaining proportion and preparation method are constant.
Comparative example 3
By in embodiment 1 grass of meadow rue and paper mulberry juice remove, remaining proportion and preparation method it is constant.
Through detecting, using the method for comparative example 1, compared to the method for comparative example 3, yield averagely promotes 2.5%；Using pair
The method of ratio 2, compared to the method for comparative example 3, yield averagely promotes 3.2%；But the method for using embodiment 1, it compares
In the method for comparative example 3, yield averagely promotes 18.3%；By the above test data it is recognised that grass of meadow rue is added in the present invention
The yield of coral black fungus can be obviously improved with paper mulberry juice, and grass of meadow rue and paper mulberry juice have synergy.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield, which comprises the following steps:
A compost is prepared
Compost is the material base of black fungus fast growing and high yield, and correct proportion is very crucial, using artificial or blender spice；Manually
It is first that various raw material dry mixing are uniform when spice, obtain siccative；Add water and stir 3-4 time repeatedly, make moisture absorption, then sieved with iron or
Electric sieve sieving, keeps its more uniform, and sift out impurity；It should pack in time；
B pack sterilizing
1, the pack elasticity of standard should be pinched with manpower material grasping bag of growing up, the five fingers with moderate force, and bag face is printed in micro pits；
2, using normal pressure or high pressure sterilization: when normal-pressure sterilization, sterilization time should be remained to 10-18 hours；High pressure sterilization, when sterilizing
Between kept for 1.5-2 hours, that is, can reach the purpose of sterilizing；
C inoculation
Cultivating bacteria bag after sterilization is sent into inoculating hood or transfer room, the original seed after inoculation is placed in cultivating bacteria bag；Inoculation
It must prior pre-sterilization before case or transfer room inoculation；Bacterium bag material temperature after taking the dish out of the pot can be inoculated with when being down to 30 DEG C or less；By strain,
Tool etc. is put into bacterium case together or connects and sterilizes together in bacterium room 30 minutes, reaches sterility requirements inoculation；
D Mycelium culture
Agaric mycelium grows the requirement to temperature, should control respectively by different times growth phase；
1, germination period: 1-3 days 26-28 DEG C after inoculation；Growth with mycelia in 4-10 days, temperature is gradually increasing in bag, bag temperature ratio
Room temperature is 2 DEG C high, therefore room temperature should be controlled at 24-25 DEG C；
2, the healthy and strong phase: 15-25 days are that mycelia is decomposed the nutritional capacity strongest stage that absorbs, and mycelia grows vigorous, healthy and strong, new old generation
Thank to quickening, bag temperature continues to increase, and room temperature is with 21-23 DEG C；
3, the maturity period: mycelia enters the physiological maturity stage after 30 days, i.e., will from nutrient growth excessively to reproductive growth, room temperature with
18-20℃；
4, control indoor humidity is 45% or so, is protected from light culture, reinforces ventilation and increases indoor oxygen；
E ear management
1, cultivation area selects: it is required that flat, topography is higher, not ponding, close to water source；Convenient for irrigating；Using vacant lot, woodland
Deng 1.5 or 2.8 meters of bacterium beds of work；
2, be open vernalization: can be open vernalization when ambient temperature rises to 5-10 DEG C or more, open 80-100 1-shaped open, and mouth is long
1.5-2cm depth 0.5-0.7cm；Deep, 5 centimetres from bag bottom or more preferably；
3, induce former base: after opening enter former base formed and ear bud stage of development, to ensure that former base is formed, it is necessary to conscientiously grasp with
Lower several points, 1., mycelia compound eye: to make the fast quick-recovery of mycelia, culture rejuvenation must be concentrated after opening, bacterium bag is arranged in bacterium bed
Tight film is covered, bacterium bag is allowed to park in miniclimate 5-7 days, makes the rejuvenation as early as possible of pocket mycelia；2., concentrate vernalization, concentrate vernalization be
Solve that dry, travel fatigue is big, the problem of former base is formed slowly, produce agaric uneven influence yield；3., germination temperature should rest in
15-25℃；For moisturizing development, ear base forms the air humidity 85% or so based on moisturizing；Black fungus former base is formed or differentiation ear
Bud needs artificial progress temperature, humidity and light stimulation；Bed management can be divided after ear bud is long together；
4, generation material culture coral black fungus sporophore growth development is divided into every 3 stages, i.e., young ear phase, growth period and maturity period,
To the requirement of moisture difference in the period of different；The young ear phase is to adopt Fen Heshui mainly by mycelium with base interior suction in 5-7 days
Point, the unfamiliar to the ear length of conveying supply children, relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% or so, growth period and fructification prosperous growth phase, required
Nutrient and moisture are concentrated, and the demand to humidity and oxygen is consequently increased, and to increase amount of water sprayed at this time；More to cut off the water and shine bag with benefit
Ventilation；Auricle is cut off the water 1-2 days again when cutting off the water when growing to 2-3 centimetres 1-2 days, 4-5 centimetres, and watering later is until harvesting；Increase light
According to intensity and extend light application time, the moisture content in auricle can be promoted rising, mycelia metabolism vigor is improved, auricle is made to become full
Completely, color blackening, quality are good；Young ear phase, growth period and the maturity period of the coral black fungus sporophore growth development, temperature
Control will lead to coral black fungus sporophore growth deformity more than 20 DEG C at≤20 DEG C；
F harvesting and final-period management
Best collecting time is 7-8 points ripe, and fructification shows as basal part of the ear contraction, auricle expansion；Ying Cai great stays small principle, dries in the air in time
It shines；After first batch of part harvests, 15-20 days or so solarization bags of cutting off the water harden to bacterium bag recovery, continue to water, can adopt second and recommend ear.
2. coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step A
Siccative, including following component: rice bran, bean powder, corn flour, medical stone powder, grass of meadow rue, gypsum and sawdust.
3. coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step A
The mass ratio of dry powder and water is (60-70): 100.
4. coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the siccative, by following heavy
Amount percentage at being grouped as: rice bran 8-15%, bean powder 3-8%, corn flour 1-3%, medical stone powder 1-2%, grass of meadow rue 1-
3%, gypsum 1-2% and sawdust surplus.
5. coral method for cultivating black fungus with high yield as described in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that matter is added in the water
Measure the paper mulberry juice that score is 2-5%.
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| CN114317284A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 黑龙江华腾生物科技有限公司 | Black fungus autumn cultivation strain, domestication method and cultivation method |
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