CN110495350B - High-yield cultivation method for coral black fungus - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: preparing culture materials, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, culturing mycelia, managing ear emergence, harvesting and managing at a later stage. The invention analyzes the cultivation method in detail and defines the conditions clearly, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost, strong repeatability and good application prospect. The temperature for culturing the conventional black fungus mycelia is 18-23 ℃, and the black fungus can deform at the temperature, so that high-quality black fungus cannot be obtained; in the invention, in order to cultivate the coral black fungus, a special temperature is set, and the cultivated black fungus grows very like coral. In order to further improve the yield, the cultivation material is optimized, the thalictrum bungeanum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice are added on the basis of the traditional cultivation material, and the yield of the coral black fungus is obviously improved through the synergistic interaction of the thalictrum bungeanum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation methods, in particular to a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method.
Background
The coral black fungus is named as coral black fungus because the coral black fungus is similar to coral, has the appearance like coral and colloid like fungus, is crisp and smooth in taste, strong in impurity resistance and high in biological efficiency, and can achieve the yield of the black fungus.
Biological Properties
1. Temperature: the temperature is an important factor for the growth and development speed and the strength of life activities of the coral black fungus. The spore germination temperature of Auricularia corallinum is 22-32 deg.C, preferably 25 deg.C. The mycelium can grow at 8-36 deg.C, but is inhibited at temperature below 8 deg.C and above 38 deg.C, preferably 22-27 deg.C. The mycelium of Auricularia corallina has low temperature resistance but no high temperature resistance. The Auricularia corallina mycelium can be killed at high temperature for a long time, so the preservation temperature of Auricularia corallina is preferably above 5 deg.C. Coral black fungus belongs to constant temperature fruiting fungus. The mycelium of Auricularia corallina (L.) Link can differentiate into fruiting body at 15-32 deg.C, and the optimum growth temperature is 20-25 deg.C. Is inhibited at a temperature of above 35 ℃. The growth and development are slow due to a slightly low temperature, the growth period is long, the mycelia are robust, the fruit bodies are black and full in a proper temperature range, the high-yield and high-quality black fungus coral is obtained, the growth and development speed is fast when the temperature is higher, the mycelia grow on vain and are easy to age, and the fruit bodies are yellow and have weak meat quality.
2. Moisture and humidity: the water is an important component of the coral black fungus and can also promote metabolism of the coral black fungus and help the coral black fungus to absorb nutrition. The Auricularia corallina needs water in all stages of growth and development. A large amount of water is required in the development period of the fruit body. Moisture is required for spore germination of Auricularia corallina. Germination time on solid medium was slightly longer. The water content of the conventional culture medium can meet the requirement of water content during spore germination.
Most of the water required by the growth and development of the coralline black fungus comes from the culture material, and the water content of the culture material is an important factor for the growth of the black fungus. Planting and spreading Auricularia corallina in mycelium, wherein the water content of culture medium during growth period is 60-70%. The low water content affects the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by the mycelium, the vitality is reduced, the poor air permeability is caused by the high water content, the growth and development of the mycelium are inhibited by the insufficient oxygen, and even the mycelium can die by suffocation. The period of sub-entity formation is relatively critical with respect to humidity. In addition to the media requiring a water content of 70%, it is also required that the relative humidity of the air be maintained between 90-95%. Thus promoting the rapid growth of the fruiting body and the big and full ears. Less than 80% of the sporocarps form slowly and even less easily.
3. Illumination: the coral black fungus has different requirements on illumination in each development stage. Hyphae can grow normally in dark or scattered light environments. The light has a promoting effect on the conversion of the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth of the Auricularia corallina, which is probably related to the photoinduction or activation of an enzyme system for the physiological transformation of fungi. The coral black fungus is difficult to form fruiting bodies in dark environment, and robust fruiting bodies can only grow if certain scattered light exists. The color of the coralline black fungus is darker under direct light.
4. Air: auricularia corallina (L.) Druce is an aerobic fungus. Its respiratory function is to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide content in air exceeds 1%, the growth of mycelium is inhibited, the fruiting body is deformed into irregular shape, and when the carbon dioxide content exceeds 5%, the fruiting body is poisoned and killed. Therefore, the cultivation field should keep the air circulation fresh in the whole growth and development process of the coral black fungus. The moisture of the culture material cannot be too much when the strains are prepared, and the bottling cannot be too full so as to supply oxygen necessary for the mycelia. In addition, the air circulation is fresh, ear rot can be avoided, and the breeding of diseases and insects is reduced.
5. pH (pH): the coral black fungus is suitable for living in a slightly acidic environment. The mycelium can grow normally at pH 4-7, preferably pH 5.5-6.5.
On the basis of researching the biological characteristics of the Auricularia corallina, the invention further researches the culture method of Auricularia corallina to obtain the high-yield culture method of Auricularia corallina.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture material A
The culture material is a material basis for fast growth and high yield of black fungus, the correct proportion is very critical, and the material is stirred by a manual or mixer; when the materials are manually mixed, the raw materials are uniformly mixed in a dry mode to obtain dry materials; adding water, stirring for 3-4 times to absorb water, sieving with iron sieve or electric sieve to make it more uniform, and sieving to remove impurities; bagging in time; if the culture medium is subjected to high temperature and long time, the culture medium is subjected to acid change, and the yield of the fungus bags after inoculation is reduced;
sterilization of B packaging bags
1. The standard bagging tightness is that the adult holds the material bag by hand, the five fingers are pinched by moderate force, and the surface of the bag is preferably slightly indented; the bagged materials are polluted, the bags are too tight and easy to break, the air permeability is poor, the spawn running growth is slow, hypha aging is easy to cause, and the yield is influenced;
2. normal pressure or high pressure sterilization is adopted: when the sterilization is carried out under normal pressure, the sterilization time is kept to 10-18 hours; sterilizing under high pressure for 1.5-2 hr to reach the aim of sterilizing;
c inoculation
Sending the sterilized cultivation fungus bags into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber, and placing the inoculated original seeds into the cultivation fungus bags; the inoculation box or the inoculation chamber must be pre-sterilized before inoculation; inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag material after being taken out of the pot is reduced to below 30 ℃; putting the strains, tools and the like into a strain box or a strain receiving chamber together for sterilizing for 30 minutes to achieve the inoculation required by sterility;
d mycelium culture
The temperature requirements of the growth of the black fungus mycelia are respectively controlled according to growth stages at different periods;
1. and (3) germination stage: preferably at 26-28 deg.C 1-3 days after inoculation; the temperature in the bag gradually rises along with the growth of the hypha in 4-10 days, and is 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature is preferably controlled at 24-25 ℃;
2. and (3) a healthy stage: the stage of hypha decomposition and absorption with the strongest nutrition capability is 15-25 days, hypha grows vigorously and is strong, metabolism is accelerated, the temperature of the bag is continuously raised, and the room temperature is preferably 21-23 ℃;
3. and (3) mature period: after 30 days, the hyphae enter a physiological mature stage, namely the hyphae are from vegetative overgrowth to reproductive growth, and the room temperature is preferably 18-20 ℃;
4. controlling the indoor humidity to be about 45%, culturing in a dark place, and enhancing ventilation to increase indoor oxygen;
e, ear outlet management 1 and cultivation field selection: the requirement is flat, the terrain is high, no water is accumulated, and the water is close to a water source; the irrigation is convenient; the air land, the forest land and the like can be used as a 1.5X2.8 m fungus bed; 2. opening and accelerating germination: when the outside temperature rises to above 5-10 ℃, the opening can be opened for accelerating germination, 80-100 straight openings are opened, the opening length is 1.5-2cm, and the depth is 0.5-0.7 cm; deep, more than 5 cm from the bottom of the bag;
3. induction of primordia: opening the culture medium, culturing and rejuvenating the culture medium in a centralized manner, arranging fungus bags on a fungus bed, covering a film tightly, and standing the fungus bags in microclimate for 5-7 days to rejuvenate the hyphae at the opening of the culture medium, and performing centralized germination acceleration to solve the problems of dry climate, large wind dust, slow primordium formation and uneven output and influencing the yield; thirdly, controlling the germination accelerating temperature to be 15-25 ℃; for moisture preservation and development, the formation of the ear base is mainly moisture preservation, and the air humidity is preferably about 85%; the formation or differentiation of the black fungus primordium into the ear buds requires artificial stimulation of temperature, humidity and illumination; after the earbuds grow up, the management can be carried out in different beds;
4. the substitute culture of the coral black fungus sporocarp is divided into 3 stages, namely, a young ear stage, a growing stage and a mature stage, and the requirements for moisture are different in different stages; in the young ear period of 5-7 days, the mycelium is mainly used for absorbing nutrients and moisture in the substrate and conveying the nutrients and moisture for the young ear to grow, the relative humidity of air is kept at about 85%, the nutrients and moisture required in the growing period are concentrated, the requirements on humidity and oxygen are increased, and the water spraying amount is increased; the water is cut off and the bag is dried to facilitate ventilation; stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 2-3 cm, stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 4-5 cm, and watering until harvesting; the illumination intensity is increased, the illumination time is prolonged, the water transpiration in the ear slices can be promoted, the metabolism activity of hyphae is improved, and the ear slices are plump, black in color and good in quality; the temperature of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina is controlled to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ in the young ear period, the growth period and the mature period of the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina, and the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina grow malformation when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃;
f harvesting and post-management
The optimal harvesting time is 7-8 minutes of maturity, and the fruiting body shows that the ear root shrinks and the ear expands; the principle of big and small is adopted, and the clothes are aired in time; after the first crop is harvested, water is cut off for about 15-20 days, the fungus bags are dried, and when the fungus bags are hardened, watering is continued, and the second crop of ears can be harvested.
Preferably, in the step a, the dry materials comprise the following components: rice bran, bean flour, corn flour, medical stone powder, thalictrum, gypsum and wood dust.
Preferably, in the step a, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is (60-70): 100.
preferably, the dry material consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of rice bran, 3-8% of bean flour, 1-3% of corn flour, 1-2% of medical stone powder, 1-3% of thalictrum aizoon, 1-2% of gypsum and the balance of wood chips.
Preferably, in the step A, the broussonetia papyrifera juice with the mass fraction of 2-5% is added into the water.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cultivation method is subjected to detailed analysis and definite condition limitation from the steps of culture material preparation, bagging sterilization, inoculation, mycelium cultivation, fungus production management, harvesting and later-stage management, the process is simple, the cost is low, the repeatability is strong, and the application prospect is good.
2. The temperature for culturing the conventional black fungus mycelia is 18-23 ℃, and the black fungus can deform at the temperature, so that high-quality black fungus cannot be obtained; in the invention, in order to cultivate the coral black fungus, a special temperature is set, and the cultivated black fungus grows very like coral.
3. In order to further improve the yield, the cultivation material is optimized, the thalictrum bungeanum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice are added on the basis of the traditional cultivation material, and the yield of the coral black fungus is obviously improved through the synergistic interaction of the thalictrum bungeanum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice.
Drawings
FIG. 1: fig. 1(a), 1(B) and 1(C) are photographs of different Auricularia corallina species cultivated by the cultivation method of example 1 taken by the inventors.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture material A
The culture material is a material basis for fast growth and high yield of black fungus, the correct proportion is very critical, and the material is stirred by a manual or mixer; when the materials are manually mixed, the raw materials are uniformly mixed in a dry mode to obtain dry materials; adding water, stirring for 3-4 times to absorb water, sieving with iron sieve or electric sieve to make it more uniform, and sieving to remove impurities; bagging in time; if the culture medium is subjected to high temperature and long time, the culture medium is subjected to acid change, and the yield of the fungus bags after inoculation is reduced;
sterilization of B packaging bags
1. The standard bagging tightness is that the adult holds the material bag by hand, the five fingers are pinched by moderate force, and the surface of the bag is preferably slightly indented; the bagged materials are polluted, the bags are too tight and easy to break, the air permeability is poor, the spawn running growth is slow, hypha aging is easy to cause, and the yield is influenced;
2. sterilizing at normal pressure in 2000 bags for 14 hours;
c inoculation
Sending the sterilized cultivation fungus bags into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber, and placing the inoculated original seeds into the cultivation fungus bags; the inoculation box or the inoculation chamber must be pre-sterilized before inoculation; inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag material after being taken out of the pot is reduced to below 30 ℃; putting the strains, tools and the like into a strain box or a strain receiving chamber together for sterilizing for 30 minutes to achieve the inoculation required by sterility;
d mycelium culture
The temperature requirements of the growth of the black fungus mycelia are respectively controlled according to growth stages at different periods;
1. and (3) germination stage: preferably at 26-28 deg.C 1-3 days after inoculation; the temperature in the bag gradually rises along with the growth of the hypha in 4-10 days, and is 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature is preferably controlled at 24-25 ℃;
2. and (3) a healthy stage: the stage of hypha decomposition and absorption with the strongest nutrition capability is 15-25 days, hypha grows vigorously and is strong, metabolism is accelerated, the temperature of the bag is continuously raised, and the room temperature is preferably 21-23 ℃;
3. and (3) mature period: after 30 days, the hyphae enter a physiological mature stage, namely the hyphae are from vegetative overgrowth to reproductive growth, and the room temperature is preferably 18-20 ℃;
4. controlling the indoor humidity to be about 45%, culturing in a dark place, and enhancing ventilation to increase indoor oxygen;
e, ear outlet management 1 and cultivation field selection: the requirement is flat, the terrain is high, no water is accumulated, and the water is close to a water source; the irrigation is convenient; the air land, the forest land and the like can be used as a 1.5X2.8 m fungus bed; 2. opening and accelerating germination: when the outside temperature rises to above 5-10 ℃, the opening can be opened for accelerating germination, 80-100 straight openings are opened, the opening length is 1.5-2cm, and the depth is 0.5-0.7 cm; deep, more than 5 cm from the bottom of the bag;
3. induction of primordia: opening the culture medium, culturing and rejuvenating the culture medium in a centralized manner, arranging fungus bags on a fungus bed, covering a film tightly, and standing the fungus bags in microclimate for 5-7 days to rejuvenate the hyphae at the opening of the culture medium, and performing centralized germination acceleration to solve the problems of dry climate, large wind dust, slow primordium formation and uneven output and influencing the yield; thirdly, controlling the germination accelerating temperature to be 15-25 ℃; for moisture preservation and development, the formation of the ear base is mainly moisture preservation, and the air humidity is preferably about 85%; the formation or differentiation of the black fungus primordium into the ear buds requires artificial stimulation of temperature, humidity and illumination; after the earbuds grow up, the management can be carried out in different beds;
4. the substitute culture of the coral black fungus sporocarp is divided into 3 stages, namely, a young ear stage, a growing stage and a mature stage, and the requirements for moisture are different in different stages; in the young ear period of 5-7 days, the mycelium is mainly used for absorbing nutrients and moisture in the substrate and conveying the nutrients and moisture for the young ear to grow, the relative humidity of air is kept at about 85%, the nutrients and moisture required in the growing period are concentrated, the requirements on humidity and oxygen are increased, and the water spraying amount is increased; the water is cut off and the bag is dried to facilitate ventilation; stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 2-3 cm, stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 4-5 cm, and watering until harvesting; the illumination intensity is increased, the illumination time is prolonged, the water transpiration in the ear slices can be promoted, the metabolism activity of hyphae is improved, and the ear slices are plump, black in color and good in quality; the temperature of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina is controlled to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ in the young ear period, the growth period and the mature period of the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina, and the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina grow malformation when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃;
f harvesting and post-management
The optimal harvesting time is 7-8 minutes of maturity, and the fruiting body shows that the ear root shrinks and the ear expands; the principle of big and small is adopted, and the clothes are aired in time; after the first crop is harvested, water is cut off for about 15-20 days, the fungus bags are dried, and when the fungus bags are hardened, watering is continued, and the second crop of ears can be harvested.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is 62: 100. adding 3.5% of broussonetia papyrifera juice into the water.
The dry material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of rice bran, 5% of bean flour, 2% of corn flour, 1.5% of medical stone powder, 1.5% of thalictrum, 1.5% of gypsum and the balance of wood chips.
Example 2:
a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture material A
The culture material is a material basis for fast growth and high yield of black fungus, the correct proportion is very critical, and the material is stirred by a manual or mixer; when the materials are manually mixed, the raw materials are uniformly mixed in a dry mode to obtain dry materials; adding water, stirring for 3-4 times to absorb water, sieving with iron sieve or electric sieve to make it more uniform, and sieving to remove impurities; bagging in time; if the culture medium is subjected to high temperature and long time, the culture medium is subjected to acid change, and the yield of the fungus bags after inoculation is reduced;
sterilization of B packaging bags
1. The standard bagging tightness is that the adult holds the material bag by hand, the five fingers are pinched by moderate force, and the surface of the bag is preferably slightly indented; the bagged materials are polluted, the bags are too tight and easy to break, the air permeability is poor, the spawn running growth is slow, hypha aging is easy to cause, and the yield is influenced;
2. adopting high-pressure sterilization: the sterilization time is kept for 2 hours, and the purpose of sterilization can be achieved;
c inoculation
Sending the sterilized cultivation fungus bags into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber, and placing the inoculated original seeds into the cultivation fungus bags; the inoculation box or the inoculation chamber must be pre-sterilized before inoculation; inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag material after being taken out of the pot is reduced to below 30 ℃; putting the strains, tools and the like into a strain box or a strain receiving chamber together for sterilizing for 30 minutes to achieve the inoculation required by sterility;
d mycelium culture
The temperature requirements of the growth of the black fungus mycelia are respectively controlled according to growth stages at different periods;
1. and (3) germination stage: preferably at 26-28 deg.C 1-3 days after inoculation; the temperature in the bag gradually rises along with the growth of the hypha in 4-10 days, and is 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature is preferably controlled at 24-25 ℃;
2. and (3) a healthy stage: the stage of hypha decomposition and absorption with the strongest nutrition capability is 15-25 days, hypha grows vigorously and is strong, metabolism is accelerated, the temperature of the bag is continuously raised, and the room temperature is preferably 21-23 ℃;
3. and (3) mature period: after 30 days, the hyphae enter a physiological mature stage, namely the hyphae are from vegetative overgrowth to reproductive growth, and the room temperature is preferably 18-20 ℃;
4. controlling the indoor humidity to be about 45%, culturing in a dark place, and enhancing ventilation to increase indoor oxygen;
e, ear outlet management 1 and cultivation field selection: the requirement is flat, the terrain is high, no water is accumulated, and the water is close to a water source; the irrigation is convenient; the air land, the forest land and the like can be used as a 1.5X2.8 m fungus bed; 2. opening and accelerating germination: when the outside temperature rises to above 5-10 ℃, the opening can be opened for accelerating germination, 80-100 straight openings are opened, the opening length is 1.5-2cm, and the depth is 0.5-0.7 cm; deep, more than 5 cm from the bottom of the bag;
3. induction of primordia: opening the culture medium, culturing and rejuvenating the culture medium in a centralized manner, arranging fungus bags on a fungus bed, covering a film tightly, and standing the fungus bags in microclimate for 5-7 days to rejuvenate the hyphae at the opening of the culture medium, and performing centralized germination acceleration to solve the problems of dry climate, large wind dust, slow primordium formation and uneven output and influencing the yield; thirdly, controlling the germination accelerating temperature to be 15-25 ℃; for moisture preservation and development, the formation of the ear base is mainly moisture preservation, and the air humidity is preferably about 85%; the formation or differentiation of the black fungus primordium into the ear buds requires artificial stimulation of temperature, humidity and illumination; after the earbuds grow up, the management can be carried out in different beds;
4. the substitute culture of the coral black fungus sporocarp is divided into 3 stages, namely, a young ear stage, a growing stage and a mature stage, and the requirements for moisture are different in different stages; in the young ear period of 5-7 days, the mycelium is mainly used for absorbing nutrients and moisture in the substrate and conveying the nutrients and moisture for the young ear to grow, the relative humidity of air is kept at about 85%, the nutrients and moisture required in the growing period are concentrated, the requirements on humidity and oxygen are increased, and the water spraying amount is increased; the water is cut off and the bag is dried to facilitate ventilation; stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 2-3 cm, stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 4-5 cm, and watering until harvesting; the illumination intensity is increased, the illumination time is prolonged, the water transpiration in the ear slices can be promoted, the metabolism activity of hyphae is improved, and the ear slices are plump, black in color and good in quality; the temperature of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina is controlled to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ in the young ear period, the growth period and the mature period of the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina, and the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina grow malformation when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃;
f harvesting and post-management
The optimal harvesting time is 7-8 minutes of maturity, and the fruiting body shows that the ear root shrinks and the ear expands; the principle of big and small is adopted, and the clothes are aired in time; after the first crop is harvested, water is cut off for about 15-20 days, the fungus bags are dried, and when the fungus bags are hardened, watering is continued, and the second crop of ears can be harvested.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is 3: 5. And adding 5% of broussonetia papyrifera juice in percentage by mass into the water.
The dry material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of rice bran, 3% of bean flour, 3% of corn flour, 1% of medical stone powder, 3% of thalictrum, 1% of gypsum and the balance of wood chips.
Example 3:
a coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture material A
The culture material is a material basis for fast growth and high yield of black fungus, the correct proportion is very critical, and the material is stirred by a manual or mixer; when the materials are manually mixed, the raw materials are uniformly mixed in a dry mode to obtain dry materials; adding water, stirring for 3-4 times to absorb water, sieving with iron sieve or electric sieve to make it more uniform, and sieving to remove impurities; bagging in time; if the culture medium is subjected to high temperature and long time, the culture medium is subjected to acid change, and the yield of the fungus bags after inoculation is reduced;
sterilization of B packaging bags
1. The standard bagging tightness is that the adult holds the material bag by hand, the five fingers are pinched by moderate force, and the surface of the bag is preferably slightly indented; the bagged materials are polluted, the bags are too tight and easy to break, the air permeability is poor, the spawn running growth is slow, hypha aging is easy to cause, and the yield is influenced;
2. normal pressure sterilization is adopted: the fungus bag is 3500 bags, and the sterilization time is 18 hours;
c inoculation
Sending the sterilized cultivation fungus bags into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber, and placing the inoculated original seeds into the cultivation fungus bags; the inoculation box or the inoculation chamber must be pre-sterilized before inoculation; inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag material after being taken out of the pot is reduced to below 30 ℃; putting the strains, tools and the like into a strain box or a strain receiving chamber together for sterilizing for 30 minutes to achieve the inoculation required by sterility;
d mycelium culture
The temperature requirements of the growth of the black fungus mycelia are respectively controlled according to growth stages at different periods;
1. and (3) germination stage: preferably at 26-28 deg.C 1-3 days after inoculation; the temperature in the bag gradually rises along with the growth of the hypha in 4-10 days, and is 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature is preferably controlled at 24-25 ℃;
2. and (3) a healthy stage: the stage of hypha decomposition and absorption with the strongest nutrition capability is 15-25 days, hypha grows vigorously and is strong, metabolism is accelerated, the temperature of the bag is continuously raised, and the room temperature is preferably 21-23 ℃;
3. and (3) mature period: after 30 days, the hyphae enter a physiological mature stage, namely the hyphae are from vegetative overgrowth to reproductive growth, and the room temperature is preferably 18-20 ℃;
4. controlling the indoor humidity to be about 45%, culturing in a dark place, and enhancing ventilation to increase indoor oxygen;
e, ear outlet management 1 and cultivation field selection: the requirement is flat, the terrain is high, no water is accumulated, and the water is close to a water source; the irrigation is convenient; the air land, the forest land and the like can be used as a 1.5X2.8 m fungus bed; 2. opening and accelerating germination: when the outside temperature rises to above 5-10 ℃, the opening can be opened for accelerating germination, 80-100 straight openings are opened, the opening length is 1.5-2cm, and the depth is 0.5-0.7 cm; deep, more than 5 cm from the bottom of the bag;
3. induction of primordia: opening the culture medium, culturing and rejuvenating the culture medium in a centralized manner, arranging fungus bags on a fungus bed, covering a film tightly, and standing the fungus bags in microclimate for 5-7 days to rejuvenate the hyphae at the opening of the culture medium, and performing centralized germination acceleration to solve the problems of dry climate, large wind dust, slow primordium formation and uneven output and influencing the yield; thirdly, controlling the germination accelerating temperature to be 15-25 ℃; for moisture preservation and development, the formation of the ear base is mainly moisture preservation, and the air humidity is preferably about 85%; the formation or differentiation of the black fungus primordium into the ear buds requires artificial stimulation of temperature, humidity and illumination; after the earbuds grow up, the management can be carried out in different beds;
4. the substitute culture of the coral black fungus sporocarp is divided into 3 stages, namely, a young ear stage, a growing stage and a mature stage, and the requirements for moisture are different in different stages; in the young ear period of 5-7 days, the mycelium is mainly used for absorbing nutrients and moisture in the substrate and conveying the nutrients and moisture for the young ear to grow, the relative humidity of air is kept at about 85%, the nutrients and moisture required in the growing period are concentrated, the requirements on humidity and oxygen are increased, and the water spraying amount is increased; the water is cut off and the bag is dried to facilitate ventilation; stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 2-3 cm, stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 4-5 cm, and watering until harvesting; the illumination intensity is increased, the illumination time is prolonged, the water transpiration in the ear slices can be promoted, the metabolism activity of hyphae is improved, and the ear slices are plump, black in color and good in quality; the temperature of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina is controlled to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ in the young ear period, the growth period and the mature period of the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina, and the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina grow malformation when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃;
f harvesting and post-management
The optimal harvesting time is 7-8 minutes of maturity, and the fruiting body shows that the ear root shrinks and the ear expands; the principle of big and small is adopted, and the clothes are aired in time; after the first crop is harvested, water is cut off for about 15-20 days, the fungus bags are dried, and when the fungus bags are hardened, watering is continued, and the second crop of ears can be harvested.
In the step A, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is 7: 10. and adding 2% of broussonetia papyrifera juice in mass fraction into the water.
The dry material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of rice bran, 8% of bean flour, 1% of corn flour, 2% of medical stone powder, 1% of thalictrum, 2% of gypsum and the balance of wood chips.
Comparative example 1
The thalictrum foeniculaceum in example 1 was removed, and the rest of the mixture ratio and the preparation method were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The broussonetia papyrifera juice in example 1 is removed, and the rest proportion and the preparation method are unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The thalictrum bungeanum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice in the example 1 are removed, and the rest proportion and the preparation method are unchanged.
Through detection, compared with the method of comparative example 3, the method of comparative example 1 is adopted, and the yield is improved by 2.5% on average; compared with the method of comparative example 3, the method of comparative example 2 has the advantage that the yield is improved by 3.2% on average; but by adopting the method of the example 1, compared with the method of the comparative example 3, the yield is improved by 18.3 percent on average; according to the test data, the addition of the thalictrum foeniculaceum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice can obviously improve the yield of the coral black fungus, and the thalictrum foeniculaceum and the broussonetia papyrifera juice have a synergistic effect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The coral black fungus high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparation of culture material A
The culture material is a material basis for fast growth and high yield of black fungus, the correct proportion is very critical, and the material is stirred by a manual or mixer; when the materials are manually mixed, the raw materials are uniformly mixed in a dry mode to obtain dry materials; adding water, stirring for 3-4 times, absorbing water, sieving with iron sieve to make it more uniform, and sieving to remove impurities; bagging in time;
sterilization of B packaging bags
(1) The standard bagging tightness is that the adult holds the material bag with hands, the five fingers are pinched with moderate force, and the surface of the bag is slightly indented;
(2) and normal pressure or high pressure sterilization is adopted: when the sterilization is carried out under normal pressure, the sterilization time is kept to 10-18 hours; sterilizing under high pressure for 1.5-2 hr to reach the aim of sterilizing;
c inoculation
Sending the sterilized cultivation fungus bags into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber, and placing the inoculated original seeds into the cultivation fungus bags; the inoculation box or the inoculation chamber must be pre-sterilized before inoculation; inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag material after being taken out of the pot is reduced to below 30 ℃; putting the strains and tools into an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber together for disinfection for 30 minutes to achieve the inoculation required by sterility;
d mycelium culture
The temperature requirements of the growth of the black fungus mycelia are respectively controlled according to growth stages at different periods;
(1) and a germination period: 26-28 ℃ after 1-3 days of inoculation; the temperature in the bag gradually rises along with the growth of hypha in 4-10 days, and the temperature in the bag is 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature is controlled at 24-25 ℃;
(2) and a healthy stage: the stage of hypha decomposition and absorption with the highest nutrition capacity is 15-25 days, hypha grows vigorously and is robust, metabolism is accelerated, the temperature of the bag is continuously increased, and the room temperature is 21-23 ℃;
(3) and a mature period: after 30 days, the hyphae enter a physiological maturation stage, namely the hyphae are in overgrowth to reproductive growth, and the room temperature is 18-20 ℃;
(4) controlling the indoor humidity to be about 45%, culturing in a dark place, and enhancing ventilation to increase indoor oxygen;
e, ear outgoing management (1) and cultivation field selection: the requirement is flat, the terrain is high, no water is accumulated, and the water is close to a water source; the irrigation is convenient; the fungus bed with 1.5 × 2.8 m can be made in open space and forest; (2) opening and accelerating germination: when the outside temperature rises to 5-10 ℃, the opening can be opened for accelerating germination, 80-100 straight openings are opened, the opening length is 1.5-2cm, and the depth is 0.5-0.7 cm; deep, more than 5 cm from the bottom of the bag;
(3) induction of primordia: opening, entering an primordium forming stage and an earbud generating stage, carefully mastering the following points in order to ensure the primordium forming stage, namely rejuvenating hyphae, namely arranging fungus bags on a fungus bed, covering a tight film, and standing the fungus bags for 5-7 days in microclimate to rejuvenate the hyphae at the opening in order to quickly recover the hyphae; secondly, centralized germination acceleration, which is to solve the problems that the yield is influenced by dry climate, large wind dust, slow primordium formation and irregular ear emergence; thirdly, controlling the germination accelerating temperature to be 15-25 ℃; for moisturizing development, the formation of the auricular base is mainly moisturizing, and the air humidity is about 85%; the formation or differentiation of the black fungus primordium into the ear buds requires artificial stimulation of temperature, humidity and illumination; after the earbuds grow up, the management can be carried out in different beds;
(4) the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the coralline black fungus are divided into 3 stages, namely, a young ear stage, a growth stage and a mature stage, and the requirements for water are different in different stages; in the young ear period of 5-7 days, the mycelium is mainly used for absorbing nutrients and moisture in the substrate and conveying the nutrients and moisture for the young ear to grow, the relative humidity of air is kept at about 85%, the required nutrients and moisture are concentrated in the growth period, the requirements on humidity and oxygen are increased, and the water spraying amount is increased at the moment; the water is cut off and the bag is dried to facilitate ventilation; stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 2-3 cm, stopping water for 1-2 days when the ear pieces grow to 4-5 cm, and watering until harvesting; the illumination intensity is increased, the illumination time is prolonged, the water transpiration in the ear slices can be promoted, the metabolism activity of hyphae is improved, and the ear slices are plump, black in color and good in quality; the temperature of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina is controlled to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ in the young ear period, the growth period and the mature period of the growth and development of the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina, and the fruiting bodies of the Auricularia corallina grow malformation when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃;
f harvesting and post-management
The optimal harvesting time is 7-8 minutes of maturity, and the fruiting body shows that the ear root shrinks and the ear expands; the principle of big and small is adopted, and the clothes are aired in time; after the first crop is harvested, stopping water for 15-20 days, drying the fungus bags in the sun, and after the fungus bags are hardened, continuing watering, and harvesting the second crop of ears;
the dry material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of rice bran, 3-8% of bean flour, 1-3% of corn flour, 1-2% of medical stone powder, 1-3% of thalictrum aquilegifolium, 1-2% of gypsum and the balance of wood chips;
in the step A, the broussonetia papyrifera juice with the mass fraction of 2-5% is added into the water.
2. The high-yield cultivation method of Auricularia corallina as claim 1, wherein in the step A, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is (60-70): 100.
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| CN102754564A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-10-31 | 东北林业大学 | Fungi bag, manufacture method of fungi bag, and method for cultivating black fungus by using fungi bag |
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