CN109122021A - A kind of mushroom cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of mushroom cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122021A CN109122021A CN201810963840.6A CN201810963840A CN109122021A CN 109122021 A CN109122021 A CN 109122021A CN 201810963840 A CN201810963840 A CN 201810963840A CN 109122021 A CN109122021 A CN 109122021A
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- mushroom
- bacterium
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- vitamin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mushroom cultivating method, its mushroom culture according to the following steps: culture base-material preparation, culture base-material sterilizing, the culture of cultivating champignon bacterium, bacterium material prepare, are laid with bacterium material, urge mushroom and management of producing mushroom.The cultivating champignon bacterium culture are as follows: mushroom mother bacterium is inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment, is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains mycelium for 20 days to get cultivating champignon bacterium.The present invention provides a kind of mushroom cultivating method, has many advantages, such as that bacterium germination is fast, inoculation survival rate is high, growth cycle is short, yield is high, quality is good, can be widely used in extensive Lentnus edodes cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and in particular to a kind of mushroom cultivating method.
Background technique
Mushroom also known as flower mushroom, mushroom, fragrant letter, fragrant bacterium, dried mushroom, fragrant wild rice, are the fructification of Pleurotaceae plant mushroom.Due to
Its taste is more fragrant, and pleasant aroma is full of nutrition, not only ranks straw mushroom, oyster mushroom, on white mushroom, and be known as " fungi queen "
Reputation.
Mushroom has two kinds of wild and cultivated, due to a large amount of mushroom of market daily requirement, wild-type champignon climate item
The influence of part, yield is very low, is unable to satisfy the market demand, and therefore, those skilled in the art mostly use the mode of artificial cultivation to produce perfume (or spice)
Mushroom.Mushroom growth needs certain condition, and important is nutrition, moisture, temperature, illumination, air and pH values.
However, although the mode of artificial culture mushroom is universal, existing method for cultivating mushroom, make the mushroom growth period compared with
Long, mushroom fruiting is irregular, is unfavorable for large-scale production.
Therefore, it there is an urgent need to a kind of efficient, high yield, the artificial mushroom cultivation to suit large area to popularize, is planted with shortening
The time limit is trained, realizes facility Efficient Cultivation.
Through the retrieval discovery to the prior art, Chinese invention patent application 201611098074.9(publication date in May, 2017
31 days) a kind of method for cultivating mushroom is disclosed, belong to agricultural product technical field of cultivation, cultivates compost used by following parts by weight
Raw material composition: 25-30 part of ramie, 15-20 parts of chestnut shell, ramulus mori bits 18-27 parts, 10-16 parts of chrysanthemum branch, mineral element 12-
15 parts, 1-4 parts of gypsum, 12-19 parts of carbon source, 2-5 parts of sugar, 15-35 parts of sawdust, 2-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, soil
Member cultivation waste material 2-5 parts, appropriate amount of water；The sawdust is by 1-8 parts of 6-12 parts of elm, 3-10 parts of aspen, 5-10 parts of peach, Japanese plum groups
At.Specific cultivation is as follows: compost configuration, sterilizing, inoculation, bacterium germination culture, takes off bag processing, annesl flower bud and adopts pack
It plucks.But there are still low output, growth cycle is long the problems such as.
And Chinese invention patent application 201510120133.7(publication date on July 1st, 2015) disclose a kind of mushroom
Cultural method comprising ingredient ferments, makes the bed, sowing, bacterium germination, earthing and management of producing mushroom.The invention improves to a certain extent
The yield of mushroom, but due to not carrying out sterilizing processing, to influence the growth of mushroom, and then influence the product of mushroom
Matter.
Based on this, it is necessary to a kind of mushroom cultivating method is provided, to solve problems of the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, provides a kind of mushroom cultivating method, have bacterium germination is fast, inoculation at
The advantages that motility rate is high, growth cycle is short, yield is high, quality is good can be widely used in extensive Lentnus edodes cultivation.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of mushroom cultivating method, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 84-88 parts of the sawdust of following parts by weight, 12-16 parts of carbon source, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source, mineral element
3-5 parts, 300-400 parts of water are mixed, and are sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, the 0.1-0.3% relative to sawdust dry mass is then added
Multi-vitamins and the 0.05-0.1% relative to sawdust dry mass ammonium salt, be uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Preferably, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, China fir
One or more of tree.
Preferably, in step (1), the carbon source be selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose,
The saccharic of the group of maltose, trehalose, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Preferably, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or corn flour or soybean powder
One or more of combination.
Preferably, in step (1), the multi-vitamins be selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7,
The vitamins for the group that vitamin B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Preferably, in step (1), the mineral element formula is that every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contains: copper 25mg,
Iron 400mg, zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Preferably, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: by cultivating bacteria bag be placed in 0.15MPa pressure,
Sterilize 2h at 120 DEG C, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Preferably, the inoculum concentration in step (3), when the culture cultivating champignon bacterium are as follows: according to female with mushroom
Bacterium 6ml is inoculated with the envelope-bulk to weight ratio of culture base-material 330-400g.
Preferably, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content
Lower than 15%, then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Preferably, in step (7), temperature control at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keep 70% with
On.
Mushroom cultivating method of the present invention achieves following beneficial technical effect:
(1) cultivation of the invention uses dedicated culture base-material, plays uniform moisturizing, uniformly ventilative and nutrition work
With being sprouted for shiitake mushroom hypha, the growth of mushroom fruiting body creates good, stable growing environment.
(2) present invention uses advanced cultivation technique, has power consumption few, and human cost is low, not only contributes to improve mushroom
Production yields, and it is advantageously ensured that product quality.
(3) present invention by sawdust, carbon source, nitrogen source etc. carry out fermentation process, so that it is become bulk and soft, nutrition at
Divide and discharge, be more favorable for the growth of mushroom, inoculation survival rate is high, shorten the period and increases yield to improve.
(4) multi-vitamins and mineral element that the present invention adds can effectively facilitate the development of mycelia, improve inoculation
Survival rate.
(5) entire cultivation of the invention uses environmentally protective Cultivating techniques, not can cause environmental pollution, and can
Effectively improve the yield and quality of mushroom.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention, and the content of the embodiment is only
For illustrating the present invention, it is not meant to define protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The mushroom cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: 84 parts of sawdust, 12 parts of carbon source, 5 parts of nitrogen source, 3 parts of mineral element, 300 parts of water are pressed above-mentioned weight
Number proportion mixing, be sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, be then added relative to sawdust dry mass 0.1% multi-vitamins and relatively
In 0.05% ammonium salt of sawdust dry mass, it is uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Wherein, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, one in Chinese fir
Kind is several.
Wherein, in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, sea
The saccharic of the group of algae sugar, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Wherein, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or one of corn flour or soybean powder
Or a variety of combination.
Wherein, in step (1), the multi-vitamins are selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin
The vitamins for the group that B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Wherein, in step (1), the mineral element formula be every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contain: copper 25mg, iron 400mg,
Zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Wherein, step (1), the ammonium salt are one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium phosphate
Or it is several.
Wherein, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: cultivating bacteria bag is placed in 0.15MPa pressure, is gone out at 120 DEG C
Bacterium 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Wherein, in step (3), it is described culture cultivating champignon bacterium when inoculum concentration are as follows: according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with training
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio for supporting base-material 330-400g is inoculated with.
Wherein, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content lower than 15%,
Then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Wherein, in step (7), at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more for the temperature control.
Embodiment 2
The mushroom cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 88 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of carbon source, 10 parts of nitrogen source, 5 parts of mineral element, 400 parts of water by above-mentioned heavy
Number proportion mixing is measured, is sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, 0.3% multi-vitamins and phase relative to sawdust dry mass is then added
For 0.1% ammonium salt of sawdust dry mass, it is uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Wherein, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, one in Chinese fir
Kind is several.
Wherein, in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, sea
The saccharic of the group of algae sugar, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Wherein, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or one of corn flour or soybean powder
Or a variety of combination.
Wherein, in step (1), the multi-vitamins are selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin
The vitamins for the group that B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Wherein, in step (1), the mineral element formula be every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contain: copper 25mg, iron 400mg,
Zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Wherein, step (1), the ammonium salt are one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium phosphate
Or it is several.
Wherein, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: cultivating bacteria bag is placed in 0.15MPa pressure, is gone out at 120 DEG C
Bacterium 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Wherein, in step (3), it is described culture cultivating champignon bacterium when inoculum concentration are as follows: according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with training
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio for supporting base-material 330-400g is inoculated with.
Wherein, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content lower than 15%,
Then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Wherein, in step (7), at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more for the temperature control.
Embodiment 3
The mushroom cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 96 parts of sawdust, 14 parts of carbon source, 7.5 parts of nitrogen source, 4 parts of mineral element, 57 parts of water by above-mentioned heavy
Number proportion mixing is measured, is sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, 0.2% multi-vitamins and phase relative to sawdust dry mass is then added
For 0.07% ammonium salt of sawdust dry mass, it is uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Wherein, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, one in Chinese fir
Kind is several.
Wherein, in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, sea
The saccharic of the group of algae sugar, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Wherein, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or one of corn flour or soybean powder
Or a variety of combination.
Wherein, in step (1), the multi-vitamins are selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin
The vitamins for the group that B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Wherein, in step (1), the mineral element formula be every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contain: copper 25mg, iron 400mg,
Zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Wherein, step (1), the ammonium salt are one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium phosphate
Or it is several.
Wherein, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: cultivating bacteria bag is placed in 0.15MPa pressure, is gone out at 120 DEG C
Bacterium 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Wherein, in step (3), it is described culture cultivating champignon bacterium when inoculum concentration are as follows: according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with training
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio for supporting base-material 330-400g is inoculated with.
Wherein, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content lower than 15%,
Then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Wherein, in step (7), at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more for the temperature control.
Embodiment 4
The mushroom cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 85 parts of sawdust, 13 parts of carbon source, 6 parts of nitrogen source, 3.5 parts of mineral element, 56 parts of water by above-mentioned heavy
Measure number proportion mixing, be sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, be then added relative to sawdust dry mass 0.15% multi-vitamins and
Relative to 0.06% ammonium salt of sawdust dry mass, it is uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Wherein, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, one in Chinese fir
Kind is several.
Wherein, in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, sea
The saccharic of the group of algae sugar, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Wherein, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or one of corn flour or soybean powder
Or a variety of combination.
Wherein, in step (1), the multi-vitamins are selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin
The vitamins for the group that B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Wherein, in step (1), the mineral element formula be every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contain: copper 25mg, iron 400mg,
Zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Wherein, step (1), the ammonium salt are one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium phosphate
Or it is several.
Wherein, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: cultivating bacteria bag is placed in 0.15MPa pressure, is gone out at 120 DEG C
Bacterium 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Wherein, in step (3), it is described culture cultivating champignon bacterium when inoculum concentration are as follows: according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with training
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio for supporting base-material 330-400g is inoculated with.
Wherein, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content lower than 15%,
Then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Wherein, in step (7), at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more for the temperature control.
Embodiment 5
The mushroom cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 87 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of carbon source, 9 parts of nitrogen source, 4.5 parts of mineral element, 59 parts of water by above-mentioned heavy
Measure number proportion mixing, be sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, be then added relative to sawdust dry mass 0.25% multi-vitamins and
Relative to 0.09% ammonium salt of sawdust dry mass, it is uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
Wherein, in step (1), the sawdust is selected from masson pine, Pinus taiwanesis, Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, one in Chinese fir
Kind is several.
Wherein, in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, sea
The saccharic of the group of algae sugar, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, mannitol and D-sorbite composition.
Wherein, in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from peptone or yeast powder or one of corn flour or soybean powder
Or a variety of combination.
Wherein, in step (1), the multi-vitamins are selected from by vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin
The vitamins for the group that B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 form.
Wherein, in step (1), the mineral element formula be every kilogram of ammonium salt additive contain: copper 25mg, iron 400mg,
Zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg and surplus are carrier zeolite.
Wherein, step (1), the ammonium salt are one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium phosphate
Or it is several.
Wherein, in step (2), the method for the sterilizing: cultivating bacteria bag is placed in 0.15MPa pressure, is gone out at 120 DEG C
Bacterium 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
Wherein, in step (3), it is described culture cultivating champignon bacterium when inoculum concentration are as follows: according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with training
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio for supporting base-material 330-400g is inoculated with.
Wherein, in step (4), further include air-drying timber section by nature solarization, make timber section water content lower than 15%,
Then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carries out steam sterilization.
Wherein, in step (7), at 22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more for the temperature control.
Comparative example 1
Using the cultural method of Chinese invention patent application 201611098074.9.
Comparative example 2
Using the cultural method of Chinese invention patent application 201510120133.7.
Test example
Embodiment 1-5 of the present invention and comparative example 1, the cultural method benefit of comparative example 2 are compared, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Mu/member | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Cost | 14000 | 14000 | 14000 | 14000 | 14000 | 13000 | 12000 |
| Yield | 49000 | 49500 | 50500 | 50000 | 49500 | 35000 | 37000 |
| Benefit | 35000 | 35500 | 36500 | 36000 | 35500 | 22000 | 25000 |
As shown in Table 1, cultural method of the present invention in actual production compared to comparative example 1, comparative example 2, can be mentioned significantly
High economic benefit.
Creativeness of the invention is mainly reflected in the following:
(1) cultivation of the invention uses dedicated culture base-material, plays uniform moisturizing, uniformly ventilative and nutrition work
With being sprouted for shiitake mushroom hypha, the growth of mushroom fruiting body creates good, stable growing environment.
(2) present invention uses advanced cultivation technique, has power consumption few, and human cost is low, not only contributes to improve mushroom
Production yields, and it is advantageously ensured that product quality.
(3) present invention by sawdust, carbon source, nitrogen source etc. carry out fermentation process, so that it is become bulk and soft, nutrition at
Divide and discharge, be more favorable for the growth of mushroom, inoculation survival rate is high, shorten the period and increases yield to improve.
(4) multi-vitamins and mineral element that the present invention adds can effectively facilitate the development of mycelia, improve inoculation
Survival rate.
(5) entire cultivation of the invention uses environmentally protective Cultivating techniques, not can cause environmental pollution, and can
Effectively improve the yield and quality of mushroom.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned implementation
Example, all technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of mushroom cultivating method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culture base-material is prepared: by 84-88 parts of the sawdust of following parts by weight, 12-16 parts of carbon source, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source, mineral element
3-5 parts, 300-400 parts of water are mixed, and are sealed by fermentation 5-8 days, the 0.1-0.3% relative to sawdust dry mass is then added
Multi-vitamins and the 0.05-0.1% relative to sawdust dry mass ammonium salt, be uniformly mixed to get culture base-material；
(2) culture base-material sterilizing: the culture base-material that step (1) is prepared being put into Polythene Bag, cultivating bacteria bag is made, and
Carry out sterilizing；
(3) cultivating champignon bacterium is cultivated: mushroom mother bacterium being inoculated into cultivating bacteria bag, and cultivating bacteria bag is placed in sterile environment
It is interior, it is cultivated at 30 DEG C and obtains within 20 days mycelium to get cultivating champignon bacterium；
(4) bacterium material prepares: with deciduous species timber dissection, multiple fish scale mouths is chopped in timber section, in fish scale mouth and timber section two
Termination kind cultivating champignon bacterium；
(5) it is laid with bacterium material: the bacterium material strip of step (4) preparation being laid with, and timber section is placed in greenhouse；
(6) urge mushroom: manual method creates the temperature difference to urge bacterium, and daytime greenhouse is closely covered with film, improves mushroom bed tempertaure and reaches
20 DEG C, film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure is raised when nocturnal temperature is minimum can reach 10 DEG C of the temperature difference hereinafter, operating three days repeatedly, form mushroom
Flower bud, it is ensured that mushroom wood moisture is 40%；
(7) management of producing mushroom: wanting frequent ventilation in greenhouse, interior will be dried, clean, while carrying out temperature control and humidity control
System.
2. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the sawdust is selected from horse hair
Pine, Pinus taiwanesis, one or more of Japanese red pine, black pine, larch, Chinese fir.
3. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the carbon source is selected from by Portugal
Grape sugar, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, galactolipin, lactose, cellulose, starch, glycerol, sweet dew
The saccharic of the group of alcohol and D-sorbite composition.
4. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the nitrogen source is selected from albumen
The combination of one or more of peptone or yeast powder or corn flour or soybean powder.
5. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the multi-vitamins choosing
Free vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin B7, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, Vitamin B9, vitamin B2 and vitamin B5
The vitamins of the group of composition.
6. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the mineral element formula
Contain for every kilogram of ammonium salt additive: copper 25mg, iron 400mg, zinc 500mg, manganese 500mg, iodine 15mg, selenium 1.5mg, cobalt 10mg with
And surplus is carrier zeolite.
7. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the side of the sterilizing
Method: being placed in 0.15MPa pressure for cultivating bacteria bag, sterilize at 120 DEG C 2h, or with 100 DEG C of flowing steam steam sterilizing 5-7h.
8. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the culture cultivating champignon
Inoculum concentration when bacterium are as follows: be inoculated with according to mushroom mother bacterium 6ml with the envelope-bulk to weight ratio of culture base-material 330-400g.
9. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include by timber Duan Jing in step (4)
It crosses nature solarization to air-dry, makes timber section water content lower than 15%, then timber section is put into wet sterilization pot, carry out steam and kill
Bacterium disinfection.
10. mushroom cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (7), the temperature control exists
22-26 DEG C, relative air humidity keeps 70% or more.
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