CN107360858A - A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107360858A
CN107360858A CN201710704724.8A CN201710704724A CN107360858A CN 107360858 A CN107360858 A CN 107360858A CN 201710704724 A CN201710704724 A CN 201710704724A CN 107360858 A CN107360858 A CN 107360858A
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China
Prior art keywords
mushroom
parts
culture
breeding method
bag
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CN201710704724.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余敦友
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Jinzhai County Agricultural Planting Professional Cooperatives
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Jinzhai County Agricultural Planting Professional Cooperatives
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Priority to CN201710704724.8A priority Critical patent/CN107360858A/en
Publication of CN107360858A publication Critical patent/CN107360858A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, including following incubation step:A, culture matrix is loaded in cultivating bag, carries out sterilizing processing;B, the cultivating bag after step a processing is placed in culturing room, mushroom edible mushroom parent species is seeded in seal in cultivating bag and cultivated;C, step b mycelia is subjected to de- bag, is transplanted on the bacteria stick frame of mushroom bed, to bacteria stick frame on spray micro-element liquid fertilizer culture;D, when mycoderm not yet ruptures parachute-opening on a large amount of mushroom flower buds of step c bacteria stick framves surface appearance, cap plumpness consolidation, lamella, you can harvesting.The mushroom that the present invention plants has the advantages that yield is high, planting cost is low, and survival rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, quality is high.

Description

A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom
Technical field
The invention belongs to breed of edible fungus technical field, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom.
Background technology
Food problems are inscribed if must not being all not concerned with whole mankind's moment, in the agricultural development general layout of 21 century, are eaten Bacterium turns into one of main composition part of raw-food material consumption, and this turns into the brass tacks being widely recognized as by the whole world.It is edible Bacterium has the characteristics of rich in compositions such as protein, nucleic acid, lipid, carbohydrate, celluloses as first-class raw-food material, its Protein average content is up to 4%, is more than 10 times of common fruits and vegetables.At present the demand of whole world edible mushroom with per year over 10% speed increases, and is increasingly favored by consumers in general, market prospects are boundless.
Mushroom, also known as flower mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, mushroom, fragrant letter, fragrant bacterium, dried mushroom, fragrant wild rice, are second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushrooms, and One of China's special product, in the title among the people for being known as " mountain delicacy ", its aromatic flavour is nutritious, and containing 18 kinds of amino acid, 7 kinds are people Body institute is required;Contained ergosterol, vitamin D can be changed into, there is the effect of enhancing human body anti-disease and preventing cold;In mushroom Polysaccharide have antitumor action, adenine and choline can prevent hepatic sclerosis and vascular sclerosis;TYR oxidizing ferment reduces blood pressure The effect of;Double stranded RNA can induce interferon and produce, and have antivirus action.It is among the people by mushroom be used for detoxify, beneficial stomach Qi and Control wind blood-breaking.
China is Lentnus edodes state, exported country and country of consumption maximum in the world, and general disconnected wood or log are planted before domestic Mushroom is trained, the method cultivation cost of such mushroom culture is high, restricts the development of mushroom planting industry, then there is cultivating in bag side Formula, but during existing cultivating in bag, mushroom may be born on the arbitrary orientation of bacterium bag, when mushroom growth is in bacterium bag When bottom and side or mushroom growth run into bacterium bag frame, irregular shape will occur in mushroom, and in bacterium bag mushroom number Measure more, and nutriment is limited, and the head of mushroom is smaller, finally can all influence the quality of mushroom, one in the mushroom produced Level mushroom only accounts for 20-30%.The artificial cultivation of mushroom is all used in existing more than the 800 years history in China, for a long time mushroom culture " cutting colored method ", it is a kind of segment wood cultivated method being inoculated with naturally.Just start to cultivate pure culture up to the mid-1960s, use people instead The segment wood cultivated method of work inoculation.There is generation material briquetting cultivation in the mid-1970s, rear to develop into plastic bag cultivation method, yield again It increased, but the problems such as extensive mushroom culture generally existing yields poorly, poor quality, pollution rate are high, yield is unstable, and Science, trophic structure be not unreasonable more for the planting material of current most of mushroom, antibacterial bacteriostatic ability, and planting material is expensive, The mushroom quality of plantation out is low, and these problems are all urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, the mushroom that the present invention plants has production The advantages that amount is high, planting cost is low, and survival rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, quality is high.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, including following incubation step:
A, culture matrix is loaded in cultivating bag, carries out sterilizing processing;
B, the cultivating bag after step a processing is placed in culturing room, control temperature connects mushroom edible mushroom parent species at 18-25 DEG C Kind seals culture in cultivating bag, when mycelia grows to 4-6cm, culture bag is opened and carries out aerobic culture, will cultivate room temperature 25-28 DEG C is adjusted to, is cultivated 25-30 days;
C, step b mycelia is subjected to de- bag, be transplanted on the bacteria stick frame of mushroom bed, by temperature control at 22-28 DEG C, bacteria stick spacing For 4-6cm, to bacteria stick frame on spray micro-element liquid fertilizer culture;
D, when mycoderm not yet ruptures parachute-opening on a large amount of mushroom flower buds of step c bacteria stick framves surface appearance, cap plumpness consolidation, lamella, i.e., It can harvest.
Preferably, the culture matrix of the step a includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Peanut shell 12-14 parts, chrysanthemum branch 7- 11 parts, balloonflower root stem 6-10 parts, wood chip 12-14 parts, herbage 8-15 parts, Waste compost 11-18 parts, maize straw 10-14 parts, pulverized limestone 7-10 parts, sugared 15-22 parts, wheat bran 12-14 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9-14 parts, magnesium sulfate 11-13 parts and water 12-16 parts.
Preferably, the preparation process of the culture matrix is:By peanut shell, chrysanthemum branch, balloonflower root stem, wood chip, herbage, useless bacterium Chaff, maize straw and wheat bran mixing are smashed to pieces, after addition water stirs 40-60min under 500-600r/min rotating speed, are placed in sealing Carry out being sealed by fermentation 4-7 days in environment, temperature control obtains fermentation material, then add sugar, lime into fermentation material at 45-50 DEG C Powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate, are mixed evenly, you can obtain culture matrix.
Preferably, the water content control of the culture matrix is in 45-55%.
Preferably, the sterilizing of the step a, which is handled, is:Cultivating bag is placed in autoclave, and protected with insulation oilpaper Warm minuteness envelope, then carries out steam sterilizing, and temperature control is at 120-125 DEG C, time 2-3h.
Preferably, the culturing room of the step b keeps air humidity in 85-90%.
Preferably, the bacteria stick frame of the step c maintains the circulation of air, and carries out moisturizing processing, and moisturizing processing is:3-4h A water is sprayed, fountain height is in 80-120ml.
Preferably, the micro-element liquid fertilizer of the step c is by ammonium molybdate, borax, iron ammonium sulfate, mass fraction The manganese sulfate that 0.02% zinc sulfate and mass fraction is 0.05% is configured to.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The mushroom that the present invention plants has that yield is high, planting cost is low, and it is excellent that survival rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, quality is high etc. Point.
The bacteria stick frame of the present invention can control the direction of mushroom fruiting so that mushroom is fragrant all in bacteria stick frame top fruiting The shape of mushroom is normally consistent, and can control the quantity of mushroom so that single mushroom size, quality, nutritive value and mouthfeel compared with It is good, the yield of quality xianggu is effectively raised, adds the output value of mushroom.
Can be edible mushroom containing abundant carbohydrate and several amino acids in the Waste compost used in the culture matrix of the present invention Mycelia provides preferable carbon source and nitrogen source, is advantageous to the growth metabolism of mycelia, and other materials take full advantage of waste agronomic crop money Source, can be effective containing abundant cellulose, protein and the various trace elements such as sugared part and calcium, magnesium, zinc in these raw materials Ground promotes the growth of mycelia, makes the mushroom quality that plants excellent, in good taste.
Contain cellulose and a certain amount of lignin in chrysanthemum stem in the present invention, these materials can be eaten bacterium mycelia Small-molecule substance is degraded to be absorbed and used, the addition of balloonflower root stem and chrysanthemum stem can change the nutritional ingredient and effect of mushroom, Improve the medical value of mushroom.
The administration of micro-element liquid fertilizer in the present invention can improve the quality of mushroom, make its protein and amino acid Amount increases, so as to improve its nutritive value.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, including following incubation step:
A, culture matrix is loaded in cultivating bag, carries out sterilizing processing;
B, the cultivating bag after step a processing is placed in culturing room, mushroom edible mushroom parent species are seeded in by control temperature at 25 DEG C Culture is sealed in cultivating bag, when mycelia grows to 6cm, culture bag is opened and carries out aerobic culture, culture room temperature is adjusted to 28 DEG C, cultivate 28 days;
C, step b mycelia is subjected to de- bag, be transplanted on the bacteria stick frame of mushroom bed, by temperature control at 28 DEG C, bacteria stick spacing is 4cm, to bacteria stick frame on spray micro-element liquid fertilizer culture;
D, when mycoderm not yet ruptures parachute-opening on a large amount of mushroom flower buds of step c bacteria stick framves surface appearance, cap plumpness consolidation, lamella, i.e., It can harvest.
Step a culture matrix includes the raw material of following parts by weight:14 parts of peanut shell, 10 parts of chrysanthemum branch, 10 parts of balloonflower root stem, 14 parts of wood chip, 8 parts of herbage, 15 parts of Waste compost, 14 parts of maize straw, 7 parts of pulverized limestone, 15 parts of sugar, 14 parts of wheat bran, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12 parts of 14 parts, 13 parts of magnesium sulfate and water.
The preparation process of culture matrix is:By peanut shell, chrysanthemum branch, balloonflower root stem, wood chip, herbage, Waste compost, maize straw Smashed to pieces with wheat bran mixing, after addition water stirs 60min under 600r/min rotating speed, be placed in sealed environment and be sealed by fermentation 6 days, temperature control obtained fermentation material at 50 DEG C, then sugar, pulverized limestone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are added into fermentation material, mixes Conjunction stirs, you can obtains culture matrix.
The water content control of culture matrix is 45%.
Step a sterilizing is handled:Cultivating bag is placed in autoclave, and sealed with insulation oilpaper heat-preservation cotton, so After carry out steam sterilizing, temperature control is at 125 DEG C, time 2h.
Step b culturing room keeps air humidity 85%.
Step c bacteria stick frame maintains the circulation of air, and carries out moisturizing processing, and moisturizing processing is:3h sprays a water, spray The amount of spilling is in 120ml.
Step c micro-element liquid fertilizer is by ammonium molybdate, borax, iron ammonium sulfate, the sulfuric acid that mass fraction is 0.02% Zinc and the manganese sulfate that mass fraction is 0.05% are configured to.
Investigation shows the cultural method of prior art, and the mushroom production of a cultivating bag is at 250-350, using this implementation The breeding method of example, the mushroom quantity that one cultivating bag of harvesting is turned out are 487.
Embodiment 2
A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, including following incubation step:
A, culture matrix is loaded in cultivating bag, carries out sterilizing processing;
B, the cultivating bag after step a processing is placed in culturing room, mushroom edible mushroom parent species are seeded in by control temperature at 25 DEG C Culture is sealed in cultivating bag, when mycelia grows to 6cm, culture bag is opened and carries out aerobic culture, culture room temperature is adjusted to 28 DEG C, cultivate 25 days;
C, step b mycelia is subjected to de- bag, be transplanted on the bacteria stick frame of mushroom bed, by temperature control at 28 DEG C, bacteria stick spacing is 4cm, to bacteria stick frame on spray micro-element liquid fertilizer culture;
D, when mycoderm not yet ruptures parachute-opening on a large amount of mushroom flower buds of step c bacteria stick framves surface appearance, cap plumpness consolidation, lamella, i.e., It can harvest.
Step a culture matrix includes the raw material of following parts by weight:12 parts of peanut shell, 11 parts of chrysanthemum branch, 10 parts of balloonflower root stem, 14 parts of wood chip, 15 parts of herbage, 11 parts of Waste compost, 14 parts of maize straw, 7 parts of pulverized limestone, 15 parts of sugar, 12 parts of wheat bran, biphosphate 12 parts of 9 parts of potassium, 11 parts of magnesium sulfate and water.
The preparation process of culture matrix is:By peanut shell, chrysanthemum branch, balloonflower root stem, wood chip, herbage, Waste compost, maize straw Smashed to pieces with wheat bran mixing, after addition water stirs 40min under 600r/min rotating speed, be placed in sealed environment and be sealed by fermentation 7 days, temperature control obtained fermentation material at 45 DEG C, then sugar, pulverized limestone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are added into fermentation material, mixes Conjunction stirs, you can obtains culture matrix.
The water content control of culture matrix is 55%.
Step a sterilizing is handled:Cultivating bag is placed in autoclave, and sealed with insulation oilpaper heat-preservation cotton, so After carry out steam sterilizing, temperature control is at 120 DEG C, time 3h.
Step b culturing room keeps air humidity 90%.
Step c bacteria stick frame maintains the circulation of air, and carries out moisturizing processing, and moisturizing processing is:4h sprays a water, spray The amount of spilling is in 120ml.
Step c micro-element liquid fertilizer is by ammonium molybdate, borax, iron ammonium sulfate, the sulfuric acid that mass fraction is 0.02% Zinc and the manganese sulfate that mass fraction is 0.05% are configured to.
Investigation shows the cultural method of prior art, and the mushroom production of a cultivating bag is at 250-350, using this implementation The breeding method of example, the mushroom quantity that one cultivating bag of harvesting is turned out are 453.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic.All essences in the present invention God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom, it is characterised in that including following incubation step:
A, culture matrix is loaded in cultivating bag, carries out sterilizing processing;
B, the cultivating bag after step a processing is placed in culturing room, control temperature connects mushroom edible mushroom parent species at 18-25 DEG C Kind seals culture in cultivating bag, when mycelia grows to 4-6cm, culture bag is opened and carries out aerobic culture, will cultivate room temperature 25-28 DEG C is adjusted to, is cultivated 25-30 days;
C, step b mycelia is subjected to de- bag, be transplanted on the bacteria stick frame of mushroom bed, by temperature control at 22-28 DEG C, bacteria stick spacing For 4-6cm, to bacteria stick frame on spray micro-element liquid fertilizer culture;
D, when mycoderm not yet ruptures parachute-opening on a large amount of mushroom flower buds of step c bacteria stick framves surface appearance, cap plumpness consolidation, lamella, i.e., It can harvest.
A kind of 2. breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture of the step a Matrix includes the raw material of following parts by weight:Peanut shell 12-14 parts, chrysanthemum branch 7-11 parts, balloonflower root stem 6-10 parts, wood chip 12-14 parts, Herbage 8-15 parts, Waste compost 11-18 parts, maize straw 10-14 parts, pulverized limestone 7-10 parts, sugared 15-22 parts, wheat bran 12-14 parts, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9-14 parts, magnesium sulfate 11-13 parts and water 12-16 parts.
A kind of 3. breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the system of the culture matrix It is for step:Peanut shell, chrysanthemum branch, balloonflower root stem, wood chip, herbage, Waste compost, maize straw and wheat bran are mixed and smashed to pieces, is added After water stirs 40-60min under 500-600r/min rotating speed, it is placed in sealed environment and be sealed by fermentation 4-7 days, temperature control System obtains fermentation material at 45-50 DEG C, then sugar, pulverized limestone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are added into fermentation material, mixes Uniformly, you can obtain culture matrix.
4. the breeding method of a kind of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture matrix contains Water rate control is in 45-55%.
A kind of 5. breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sterilization of the step a Disinfect for:Cultivating bag is placed in autoclave, and sealed with insulation oilpaper heat-preservation cotton, then carries out steam sterilizing, temperature Control is at 120-125 DEG C, time 2-3h.
A kind of 6. breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture of the step b Room keeps air humidity in 85-90%.
A kind of 7. breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bacteria stick of the step c Frame maintains the circulation of air, and carries out moisturizing processing, and moisturizing processing is:3-4h sprays a water, and fountain height is in 80-120ml.
8. the breeding method of a kind of mushroom edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step c's is micro The zinc sulfate and mass fraction that element Liquid Fertilizer is 0.02% by ammonium molybdate, borax, iron ammonium sulfate, mass fraction are 0.05% Manganese sulfate be configured to.
CN201710704724.8A 2017-08-17 2017-08-17 A kind of breeding method of mushroom edible mushroom Withdrawn CN107360858A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107980483A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-04 枞阳县新农民农业种植有限公司 A kind of method for raw material cultivation mushroom of being decided using stalk
CN108668776A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-19 徐广伟 A kind of implantation methods of mushroom
CN108718912A (en) * 2018-03-23 2018-11-02 晴隆县为民食用菌开发有限责任公司 A kind of mushroom plantation compost
CN108782005A (en) * 2018-05-26 2018-11-13 惠州市博泰实业发展有限公司 A kind of agalloch eaglewood mushroom breeding method
CN111226689A (en) * 2020-02-21 2020-06-05 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所(贵州省现代中药材研究所) Morchella strain seed dressing agent and use method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104012303A (en) * 2014-06-30 2014-09-03 厦门慧翔食用菌种植有限公司 Cultivating method of pleurotus geesteranus edible mushroom
CN105940952A (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-09-21 旌德县兴农灵芝专业合作社 Mushroom culture method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104012303A (en) * 2014-06-30 2014-09-03 厦门慧翔食用菌种植有限公司 Cultivating method of pleurotus geesteranus edible mushroom
CN105940952A (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-09-21 旌德县兴农灵芝专业合作社 Mushroom culture method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107980483A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-04 枞阳县新农民农业种植有限公司 A kind of method for raw material cultivation mushroom of being decided using stalk
CN108718912A (en) * 2018-03-23 2018-11-02 晴隆县为民食用菌开发有限责任公司 A kind of mushroom plantation compost
CN108668776A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-19 徐广伟 A kind of implantation methods of mushroom
CN108782005A (en) * 2018-05-26 2018-11-13 惠州市博泰实业发展有限公司 A kind of agalloch eaglewood mushroom breeding method
CN111226689A (en) * 2020-02-21 2020-06-05 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所(贵州省现代中药材研究所) Morchella strain seed dressing agent and use method thereof

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