CN103539576B - Method for preparing pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material by utilizing sugarcane leaves and leaf tips - Google Patents
Method for preparing pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material by utilizing sugarcane leaves and leaf tips Download PDFInfo
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- CN103539576B CN103539576B CN201310568484.5A CN201310568484A CN103539576B CN 103539576 B CN103539576 B CN 103539576B CN 201310568484 A CN201310568484 A CN 201310568484A CN 103539576 B CN103539576 B CN 103539576B
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Abstract
The invention provides a pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material. The cultivation material is characterized by taking sugarcane leaves and leaf tips as main raw materials and corncobs, rice bran, lime powder, urea, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliary materials, wherein the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65%. The invention also provides a preparation method of the cultivation material. The cultivation material has the advantages that I. through sunlight exposure, lime water pre-wetting and aerated stacking fermentation carried out on the sugarcane leaves and tips, macromolecular substances such as crude fibers and the like are decomposed into simple substances beneficial to absorption of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae, thus promoting growth of the pleurotus geesteranus hyphae; II. the cultivation material is reasonable in proportioning and balanced in nutrition, so that the pleurotus geesteranus has good growth vigour, high yield and biological efficiency of 98.3-115.2%; III. not only is a solution provided for harmless treatment of sugarcane leaves but also a new matrix is found for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sugarcane Leaves and blade tip to make Pleurotus geesteranus planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus geesteranus, sporophore individuality is petite, and profile is beautiful, and size is comparatively even, and quality is fine and close soft, and stem fibrosis is low, and mouthfeel is more smooth, and unique flavor, storage tolerance is good, is domestic and international market to be developed Rare edible fungus rapidly.
Pleurotus geesteranus is the wood-decay fungi that a kind of vitality is very strong, can decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen etc.Traditional Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation, the use of people to raw material mainly concentrates on wood chip, cotton seed hulls etc., but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
China is cane planting big country, since two thousand, keeps the position of sugarcane acreage and ultimate production third place in the world always.Sugarcane Leaves and blade tip are the residue wastes after harvesting sugarcane, and China's Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf ultimate productions in 15%, 2008 that harvesting sugarcane phase whole sugarcane leaf, sugarcane tip dry weight are about biological yield dry weight reach 1873.8 ten thousand t.These huge raw material resources, its utilization ratio is less than 20%, and processing mode main is now that direct field is burned, and brings the many hidden danger to aspects such as environment and safety thus.Can see that government forbids the bulletin that sugarcane leaf field is burned every year in China.
According to surveying and determination, the fat, starch, VITAMIN, enzyme etc. of sugarcane blade tip (air-dry thing) containing robust fibre 32.45%, crude protein 7.13%, total sugar (sucrose, reducing sugar) 32%, mineral substance 5.42% and some amount.Sugarcane Mature Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are about 1.5%, 0.23% and 0.55%.The sugarcane tip, sugarcane leaf contain the nutritive element of cultivation required for Pleurotus geesteranus, can as the culturing raw material of Pleurotus geesteranus.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility that is main raw material with Sugarcane Leaves and blade tip
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf (blade and blade tip) 50%-60%, corn cob 20%-30%, rice bran 15%, lime powder 2%, urea 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf: after harvesting sugarcane, collects fresh sugarcane leaf, the sugarcane tip, is exposed to the sun dry, preserve for subsequent use.
Corn cob: through drying, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.Add corn cob and both improve planting material sugar and vitamin contents, in turn enhance water retention capacity.
Rice bran: be the entry material be attached to after rice hulling on brown rice.Containing the crude protein of 12.5% and a large amount of somatomedins in rice bran.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
Urea: nitrogenous source is provided.Suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, contributes to fermentable and decomposes, improve the ferment effect of windrow.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is prewetted: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is ground into the chip that 0.5cm-1cm is long, waters pouring, after waiting Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf to have thorough grasp water, directly build heap with the liming of 2%;
2. heap is built: the first sheathing leaf of prewetting is piled high 1.5m-1.8m, wide 2.3m-2.5m, the long trapezoidal heap being no less than 5m, sprinkle after simultaneously urea is water-soluble in material, pile up complete, the heap end, is when having a small amount of water to ooze out, show water yield optimum, finally cover straw mat and (when building and pile front or turning, first put two Mao bamboo tubes in bottom by its spontaneous fermentation, and the waddy of a diameter 15cm is inserted every 1m, extract Mao bamboo tube and waddy out after building up heap simultaneously, form the passage communicated up and down, increase the gas exchange inside and outside stockpile, be conducive to expecting that interior beneficial microorganism is movable, to improve fermented quality),
3. turning: turning interval time is 6,5,4 days, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 16d-18d, Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf material side during each turning ploughs under heap center, adds whole terra alba during first time turning, adds whole calcium superphosphate (smashing to pieces as finely powdered) during second time turning, whole corn cob, rice bran is added during last turning, water content depending on windrow during turning keeps the skin wet, and when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
5. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 26d-28d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, lime powder, urea, calcium superphosphate, terra alba with Sugarcane Leaves and blade tip, makes Pleurotus geesteranus planting material.Its advantage is: one be sugarcane leaf, the sugarcane tip to prewet and ventilate windrow fermentation through sunlight exposure, liming, the macromolecular substance such as robust fibre is decomposed into be conducive to the simple material that oyster mushroom pieces absorbs, facilitates the growth of oyster mushroom pieces; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and balanced in nutrition, Pleurotus geesteranus growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 98.3%-115.2%; Three is that the harmless treatment not being only Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf provides a terms of settlement, also for Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf (blade and blade tip) 50%, corn cob 30%, rice bran 15%, lime powder 2%, urea 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is prewetted: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is ground into the chip that 0.5cm-1cm is long, waters pouring, after waiting Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf to have thorough grasp water, directly build heap with the liming of 2%;
2. heap is built: the first sheathing leaf of prewetting is piled high 1.5m, wide 2.3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, sprinkle after simultaneously urea is water-soluble in material, pile up complete, the heap end, has a small amount of water to ooze out, finally cover straw mat and (when building and pile front or turning, first put two Mao bamboo tubes in bottom by its spontaneous fermentation, and the waddy of a diameter 15cm is inserted every 1m, extract Mao bamboo tube and waddy out after building up heap simultaneously, form the passage communicated up and down, increase the gas exchange inside and outside stockpile, be conducive to expecting that interior beneficial microorganism is movable, to improve fermented quality);
3. turning: turning interval time is 6,5,4 days, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 18d, Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf material side during each turning ploughs under heap center, adds whole terra alba during first time turning, adds whole calcium superphosphate (smashing to pieces as finely powdered) during second time turning, whole corn cob, rice bran is added during last turning, water content depending on windrow during turning keeps the skin wet, and when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
5. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 60%, and through the cultivation of 28d, mycelia covers with pocket, namely enters management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus reaches 115.2%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf (blade and blade tip) 55%, corn cob 25%, rice bran 15%, lime powder 2%, urea 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus reaches 110.0%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf (blade and blade tip) 60%, corn cob 20%, rice bran 15%, lime powder 2%, urea 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus geesteranus reaches 98.3%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of Pleurotus geesteranus biological efficiency
Claims (5)
1. a Pleurotus geesteranus planting material, is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf 50%, corn cob 30%, rice bran 15%, lime powder 2%, urea 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, and be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; The making method of described planting material is:
1. Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is prewetted: Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf is ground into the chip that 0.5cm-1cm is long, waters pouring, after waiting Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf to have thorough grasp water, directly build heap with the liming of 2%;
2. heap is built: the first sheathing leaf of prewetting is piled high 1.5m-1.8m, wide 2.3m-2.5m, the long trapezoidal heap being no less than 5m, sprinkle after simultaneously urea is water-soluble in material, pile up complete, the heap end, is when having a small amount of water to ooze out, show water yield optimum, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, build when piling front or turning and first put two Mao bamboo tubes in bottom, and the waddy of a diameter 15cm is inserted every 1m, extract Mao bamboo tube and waddy out after building up heap simultaneously, form the passage communicated up and down, increase the gas exchange inside and outside stockpile, be conducive to expecting that interior beneficial microorganism is movable, to improve fermented quality,
3. turning: turning interval time is 6,5,4 days, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 16d-18d, Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf material side during each turning ploughs under heap center, adds whole terra alba during first time turning, adds whole calcium superphosphate during second time turning, whole corn cob, rice bran is added during last turning, water content depending on windrow during turning keeps the skin wet, and when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
5. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
2. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the blade that described Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf peels when being harvesting sugarcane, the blade tip cut off, dry through being exposed to the sun, and preserves for subsequent use.
3. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob size controlling is at 4mm-5mm.
4. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice bran is the entry material be attached to after rice hulling on brown rice.
5. a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 26d-28d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN103858670B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-01-27 | 韦承梭 | The cultivation method of the precious mushroom of a kind of show |
| CN104628472A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-20 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation material |
| CN104584875A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104744153A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Method for manufacturing pleurotus geesteranus compost |
| CN104744154A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Method for manufacturing pleurotus geesteranus compost |
| CN104744152A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Method for manufacturing pleurotus geesteranus compost |
| CN105967773A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-28 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Compost for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus and method for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN107434670A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-12-05 | 罗华 | A kind of new elegant precious mushroom planting material |
| CN109418004A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-03-05 | 罗旭 | With the method for sugarcane top cultivation phoenix-tail mushroom |
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