CN103641556A - Method for manufacturing pholiota nameko culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing pholiota nameko culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641556A CN103641556A CN201310650781.4A CN201310650781A CN103641556A CN 103641556 A CN103641556 A CN 103641556A CN 201310650781 A CN201310650781 A CN 201310650781A CN 103641556 A CN103641556 A CN 103641556A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pholiota nameko culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; bagasse, bran, sunflower seed cakes, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the pholiota nameko hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 125.2-132.5%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing pholiota nameko.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make waterloo mushroom cultivation material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Sliding mushroom has another name called HUAZIGU, its matter is tender delicious, nutritious, according to one's analysis, the dry mushroom of every 100 g is containing crude protein 33.76 g, pure protein 15.13 g, fatty 4.05 g, total reducing sugar 38.89 g, Mierocrystalline cellulose 14.23 g, ash content 8.99 g, the slime layer of its mushroom cap surface is rich in mucopolysaccharide, has the tumour of inhibition, constitutional effect, and sliding mushroom is all good edible mushroomss of a kind of inside and outside quality.
China is the main production and consumption big country of sliding mushroom, and output occupies first place in the world.The culturing raw material of sliding mushroom be take hardwood wood chip and cotton seed hulls as main, but the continuous rise due to shortage and the cotton seed hulls price of hardwood wood chip, cause the limited situation of extensive cultivation generally to occur, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns a day lotus, originates in the west and south of North America, imports China's history of existing more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.In China, Sunflower Receptacle cultivation is also more extensive, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, at present cultivated area approximately 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production approaches 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has realized to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle the suitability for industrialized production that sunflower seed oil extracts.Sunflower Receptacle except sunflower seeds is edible and oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has a large amount of research, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China approximately produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi every year, utilizes at present that method has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder are processed three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, approximately has every year 700000 t, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, sturdy, and biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is all burned in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also contain calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also contains the trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefaction, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, carbon source, the nitrogenous source that can grow and provide essential for sliding mushroom.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, the sliding mushroom of these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivations of sunflower seed shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the waterloo mushroom cultivation material compatibility that Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts are main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 10%-14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%-21%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 32%-42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk bits: the particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet: the fine platy particle that dries, is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Bagasse: sugarcane is squeezed sugar remaining waste residue afterwards, is white in color or yellow-white after being dried, and has sugared aromatising flavour.The thick slag of belt leather must be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is approximately 50% Mierocrystalline cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 15% xylogen and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process, and wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtaining during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize the potential of hydrogen of planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and the sunflower seeds grouts of Sunflower Receptacle are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, terra alba, makes waterloo mushroom cultivation material.Its advantage is: the one, and reasonable raw material proportioning, has promoted the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, makes bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, sliding mushroom mycelial growth is vigorous, and planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, and sporophore growing way is good, output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 125.2%-132.5%; The 2nd, not only the harmless treatment for Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell provides a terms of settlement, also for waterloo mushroom cultivation has found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, waterloo mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 10%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 500kg, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, enters management of producing mushroom.The sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 132.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, waterloo mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 12%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 37%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 130.3%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, waterloo mushroom cultivation material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 21%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 32%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The sliding mushroom of planting material cultivation that utilizes the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 125.2%.
The sliding mushroom biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (9)
1. a waterloo mushroom cultivation material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 10%-14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 15%-21%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet 32%-42%, bagasse 15%, wheat bran 12%, sunflower seeds grouts 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Receptaculum Helianthi bits are sunflower plates of sloughing sunflower seeds, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Sunflower Stalk bits are Sunflower Receptacle stem stalks, through drying the particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
4. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet be Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle that is ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
5. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bagasse is that sugarcane is squeezed sugar remaining waste residue afterwards, and the thick ground-slag of belt leather is broken into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
6. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that a kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain while being sunflower seeds liquefaction.
7. a kind of waterloo mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is by wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
8. a making method for the waterloo mushroom cultivation material described in claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilizes ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi bits, Sunflower Stalk bits, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell sheet are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 1% lime aqueous solution prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning is 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under to heap center, during turning for the first time, add whole terra albas, during last turning, add whole bagasse, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, while stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the waterloo mushroom cultivation material described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 22d-24d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104604531A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
| CN104604529A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
| CN104725123A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725124A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725125A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774081A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774082A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104604531A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-05-13 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method of Pholiota nameko |
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| CN104725123A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725124A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104725125A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774081A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
| CN104774082A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Manufacturing method of pholiota nameko cultivation material |
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