CN103641614B - Method for manufacturing Grifola frondosa culture material from sunflower byproducts - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing Grifola frondosa culture material from sunflower byproducts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641614B CN103641614B CN201310657600.0A CN201310657600A CN103641614B CN 103641614 B CN103641614 B CN 103641614B CN 201310657600 A CN201310657600 A CN 201310657600A CN 103641614 B CN103641614 B CN 103641614B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Grifola frondosa culture material which is characterized in that sunflower byproducts, including sunflower heads, sunflower straws, sunflower seed husks and sunflower seed cakes, are used as main raw materials; cottonseed hull, bran, sunflower seed cakes, humus soil, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, gypsum powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials; and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. The method has the following advantages: the raw materials are proportioned reasonably to promote the physical behavior complementation and nutrient complementation of the culture material, so that the culture material has favorable air permeability and high water retention property, and the Grifola frondosa hypha can grow vigorously; the culture material has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good growth vigor of sporophores and high yield, and the biological efficiency is up to 105.8-112.6%; and the method provides a solution for innocent treatment of sunflower heads, sunflower straws and sunflower seed husks, and finds out a new substrate for culturing Grifola frondosa.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Sunflower Receptacle by product-Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts to make Grifola frondosa culture material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Grifola frondosa has another name called chestnut mushroom, polyporus frondosus, lotus flower bacterium etc., a kind of food of preciousness, medicinal fungus, the lotus flower that its sporophore likeness in form is in full bloom, fan-shaped cap is layer after layer, fresh and tender sporophore aromatic flavour, be rich in amino acid, polysaccharide and biologically active substance, there is the effect strengthening body immunity, prevention of various diseases.In recent years, as a kind of high-class healthy food, being in fashion the market such as Japan, Singapore, is one of main cultivated edible fungi kind of wideling popularize of the World Food Programme.
The wood-decay fungi of warm type, happiness light, oxygen consumption in ash tree Pittosporum, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Sunflower Receptacle, composite family annual herb plant, has another name called sunflower, turns day lotus, originate in the west and south of North America, imports the history that China has more than 400 year into.As a kind of important oil resource, its output is only second to soybean in the world.Also comparatively extensive in China's Sunflower Receptacle cultivation, be mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, current cultivated area about 960,000 hm
2, sunflower seeds annual production is close to 2,000,000 t.
As Sunflower Receptacle big producing country, China has achieved the suitability for industrialized production of sunflower seed oil extraction to the utilization of Sunflower Receptacle.Sunflower Receptacle is except sunflower seeds is edible and except oil expression, the comprehensive utilization of its by product Receptaculum Helianthi (sloughing the sunflower plate of sunflower seeds), Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell (certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell) and sunflower seeds grouts also has large quantifier elimination, but utilization ratio is still very low so far.
Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi output is about as much as 50% of seed production, and China is annual about produces 1,000,000 t Receptaculum Helianthi, and current Application way has fermentation and biogas production, also field and fodder process three major types, but major part is still incinerated, and causes the significant wastage of resource; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell output is about as much as 35% of seed production, about has 700,000 t every year, these certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shells, and most of processing enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and both increases production cost, again contaminate environment; Sunflower Stalk is upright, and sturdy, biomass is high, and all the time, a large amount of Sunflower Stalk is burned all in the fields, and crop straw burning is serious environment pollution not only, brings potential safety hazard more can to traffic, civil aviaton etc.
According to surveying and determination: Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi powder contains crude protein 15.82%, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.10%-23.5%, nitrogen-free extract 42.10%, also containing calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%; Sunflower Stalk contains crude protein 4.9%, robust fibre 45.6%-54.04%, nitrogen-free extract 35.7%; Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell contains crude protein 5.4%-5.5%, crude fat 1.6%, crude fibre 47.4%-51.1%, also containing trace elements such as zinc 0.045%, magnesium 0.23%, calcium 0.35%-0.44%, phosphorus 0.08%-0.10%; By product when sunflower seeds grouts are sunflower seeds liquefactions, its protein content reaches 38%-42%, Methionin 1.0%-1.2%, and methionine(Met) 0.6%-0.7%, nutritive value is higher.These components above, to grow carbon source, the nitrogenous source providing required for Grifola frondosa.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if the by product Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of sunflower seed shell cultivation Grifola frondosa, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material compatibility that is main raw material with Sunflower Receptacle Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell and sunflower seeds grouts
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Grifola frondosa culture material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%-20%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%-30%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces: the fine platy particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process, wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Sunflower seeds grouts: a kind of byproduct obtained during sunflower seeds liquefaction.
Soil ulmin mountain soil: be mountain mud table soil, be dry branches and fallen leaves pile up for many years rot mutually to mix with soil, the leaf-humidified soil of self-assembling formation.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Lime powder, terra alba: the potential of hydrogen regulating, stablize planting material, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba, soil ulmin mountain soil during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 30d-32d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, lime powder, terra alba with the by product-Receptaculum Helianthi of Sunflower Receptacle, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and sunflower seeds grouts, makes Grifola frondosa culture material.Its advantage is: one is reasonable raw material proportioning, facilitate the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, make bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity strong, Grifola frondosa mycelial growth is vigorous, planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, sporophore growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 105.8%-112.6%; Two be not only Receptaculum Helianthi, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for Grifola frondosa cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 30%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba, soil ulmin mountain soil during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 24 DEG C, humid control 65%, through the cultivation of 32d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.Utilize the planting material cultivation Grifola frondosa of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 112.6%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 17%, Sunflower Stalk bits 20%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 25%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Grifola frondosa of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 108.2%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 20%, Sunflower Stalk bits 22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material cultivation Grifola frondosa of the present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 105.8%.
The Grifola frondosa biological efficiency of table different modes planting material
Unit (%)
Claims (1)
1. a making method for Grifola frondosa culture material, is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Receptaculum Helianthi bits 14%-20%, Sunflower Stalk bits 18%-22%, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces 20%-30%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 10%, sunflower seeds grouts 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime powder 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described Receptaculum Helianthi bits be slough sunflower seeds sunflower plate, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm; It is Sunflower Receptacle stem stalk that described Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, through drying the particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; Described certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces is Sunflower Receptacle sunflower seed shell, through drying the fine platy particle being ground into particle diameter 3mm-4mm; Described wheat bran is the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process; A kind of byproduct that described sunflower seeds grouts obtain when being sunflower seeds liquefactions; Described Tu Shi mountain, soil ulmin mountain mud table soil, be dry branches and fallen leaves pile up for many years rot mutually to mix with soil, the leaf-humidified soil of self-assembling formation; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material;
2. prewet: first Receptaculum Helianthi is considered to be worth doing, Sunflower Stalk is considered to be worth doing, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers shell pieces turns evenly in the dry state, prewet with 1% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: turning interval time is 2,2,1 days, turning 2 times altogether, time remaining 5d, during each turning, the material on side is ploughed under heap center, add whole terra alba, soil ulmin mountain soil during first time turning, add whole cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, sunflower seeds grouts and calcium superphosphate during last turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C;
After made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 30d-32d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104488564A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Grifola frondosa cultivation method |
| CN104557325A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104782397A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation method for maitake |
| CN104961562B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-07-31 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of mushroom cultivation material and the preparation method and application thereof of addition part sunflower seed shell |
| CN105900727A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | High-yield wax gourd planting matrix |
| CN105900726A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | High-yield high-quality caraway planting matrix |
| CN105900725A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | High-yield cucumber planting matrix |
| CN105900806A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Planting method for high-yield pollution-free cucumbers |
| CN107434512A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-12-05 | 钟建军 | Carbon source is the Grifola frondosa culture material of cotton stalk Luohanguo's residue |
| CN105993601A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating polyporus frondosus by means of hazelnut byproducts |
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| CN101575248A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-11-11 | 朱佰培 | Culture material of grifola frondosa |
| CN101715696A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | Factory cultivation method of maitake |
| CN102249793A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-11-23 | 曹玉宽 | Medium for cultivation of zinc-rich griflola frondosa |
| CN102668886B (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-01-07 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Method of cultivating grifola frondosa by using fungus grass |
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