CN103497025B - Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material through utilization of pecan production and processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103497025B CN103497025B CN201310501842.0A CN201310501842A CN103497025B CN 103497025 B CN103497025 B CN 103497025B CN 201310501842 A CN201310501842 A CN 201310501842A CN 103497025 B CN103497025 B CN 103497025B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a grifola frondosa cultivation material. The grifola frondosa cultivation material is characterized in that pecan branch scraps, outer shell scraps and shell scraps are used as main raw materials, corncobs, rice bran, bean cakes, humus mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate and the like are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention further provides a method for preparing the cultivation material. The grifola frondosa cultivation material and the method have the advantages that the pecan branch scraps, the outer shell scraps and the shell scraps undergo sun exposure and secondary fermentation or piled ageing treatment, poisonous bacteriostat is degraded, macromolecular substances such as xylogen, cellulose and the like are decomposed into simple materials which can be absorbed by grifola frondosa hyphae easily, and the growth of the grifola frondosa hyphae is promoted; the cultivation material is reasonable in proportion, fungous materials are good in breathability and strong in water-retaining property, grifola frondosa is good in growth and high in yield, and the biological efficiency of the grifola frondosa reaches 90.2%-102.5%; a solution to innocent treatment of pecan branches, outer shells and shells is provided, and a novel matrix for grifola frondosa cultivation is further found out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Grifola frondosa culture material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Grifola frondosa has another name called chestnut mushroom, polyporus frondosus, lotus flower bacterium etc., a kind of food of preciousness, medicinal fungus, the lotus flower that its sporophore likeness in form is in full bloom, fan-shaped cap is layer after layer, fresh and tender sporophore aromatic flavour, be rich in amino acid, polysaccharide and biologically active substance, there is the effect strengthening body immunity, prevention of various diseases.In recent years, as a kind of high-class healthy food, being in fashion the market such as Japan, Singapore, is one of main cultivated edible fungi kind of wideling popularize of the World Food Programme.
The wood-decay fungi of warm type, happiness light, oxygen consumption in ash tree Pittosporum, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has more than 500 year so far, be mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui two province have a common boundary temmoku mountain area around, be located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area about 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, annual production more than 20,000 ton.
Produce Semen Caryae Cathayensis and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune the branch enormous amount fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden; Two is pecan shell (being made up of exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and every output 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, just have the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, some is shelled, and (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area also woods after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and do not go back the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption is also all too limited, and therefore a large amount of pecan shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; Three is Semen Caryae Cathayensis shells, i.e. Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer is formed.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell produced is concentrated in a large number, these shell major part enterprises it can be used as waste to process, and both increase production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Pecan shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains xylogen about 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin about 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%.These components above, can grow for Grifola frondosa and provide required carbon source.But because this three classes waste is also containing the material such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Grifola frondosa mycelia, therefore for utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell to cultivate Grifola frondosa, key to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of shell cultivation Grifola frondosa, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material compatibility that is main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Grifola frondosa culture material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-16%, Pu shell bits 16%-20%, shell bits 23%-33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 1.5m-2m, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in turning in every 2 months.
Pu shell bits: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stacking (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), stockpile height 2m-3m, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity) at ordinary times, and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects for subsequent use in every 20d turning.
Shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.Add corn cob and both improve planting material sugar and vitamin contents, in turn enhance water retention capacity.
Rice bran: be by product when essence grinds rice after rice hulling is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8% containing protein 12%-18%, nitrogen-free extract in rice bran, in addition, and also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Soya-bean cake: be a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil, the main component of soya-bean cake is: crude protein 38.73%, nitrogen-free extract 26.59%, robust fibre 5.30%, fat 6.83%, mineral substance 4.93%.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Light calcium carbonate: provide calcareous, stablize potential of hydrogen.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-35d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, makes Grifola frondosa culture material.Its advantage is: one is Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both poisonous bacteriostatics had been degraded, the simple material making again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into be conducive to Grifola frondosa mycelia to absorb, facilitates the growth of Grifola frondosa mycelia; Two is that culture utilization is reasonable, and bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and Grifola frondosa growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 90.2%-102.5%; Three be not only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell harmless treatment provide a terms of settlement, also for Grifola frondosa cultivation have found a kind of new matrix.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 16%, shell bits 33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet (fully drenched) with water thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 24 DEG C, humid control 65%, through the cultivation of 35d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 102.5%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 18%, shell bits 28%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 95.7%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Grifola frondosa culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 16%, Pu shell bits 20%, shell bits 23%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Grifola frondosa reaches 90.2%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of Grifola frondosa biological efficiency
Claims (2)
1. a Grifola frondosa culture material, it is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-16%, Pu shell bits 16%-20%, shell bits 23%-33%, corn cob 18%, rice bran 12%, soya-bean cake 5%, soil ulmin mountain soil 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch fallen in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are pecan shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, has to pass through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer Bian Dui limit to sprinkle water, make material fully drenched, keep stockpile moistening at ordinary times, bits grain water content reaches capacity, and the turning in every two months of Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits once, composting time remaining 1 year, Pu shell considers every 20d turning to be worth doing once, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collects for subsequent use.
5. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is for subsequent use.
6. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described soya-bean cake is a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extract oil.
7. a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described soil ulmin mountain soil is for mountain mud table soil, be dry branches and fallen leaves pile up for many years rot mutually to mix with soil, the leaf-humidified soil of self-assembling formation.
8. the making method of a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with water thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds corn cob, rice bran, soya-bean cake, soil ulmin mountain soil, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow during last turning, turning 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
9. the using method of a kind of Grifola frondosa culture material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-35d, mycelia covers with pocket, adopts outdoor cool canopy to take off bag earthing method and carries out management of producing mushroom.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104584871A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method for grifola frondosa |
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| CN104557325A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing grifola frondosa cultivation material |
| CN104584867A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Grifola frondosa cultivation method |
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| GB2145733B (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1988-08-17 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Medium for lichen cultivation and its use |
| CN100408521C (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-08-06 | 西南林学院 | Method of cultivating edible fungus using walnut shell as base material |
| CN101585731A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-25 | 薛美芳 | A kind of compound method of Grifola frondosa culture material |
| CN101575248A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-11-11 | 朱佰培 | Culture material of grifola frondosa |
| CN101898919A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-01 | 薛美芳 | Grifola frondosa culture material |
| CN102267823A (en) * | 2010-06-05 | 2011-12-07 | 孙伟 | Preparation method of culture material for grifola frondosa |
| CN101935256A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-01-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | Pleurotus eryngii culture medium |
| CN102381904A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-03-21 | 朱皖南 | Culture material for culturing pleurotus eryngii by using carya cathayensis sarg and culturing method |
| CN102754565A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2012-10-31 | 临安山川可可食用菌专业合作社 | Mushroom cultivation method by taking pecan rush shells as main culture medium raw material |
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| CN104584871A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Cultivation method for grifola frondosa |
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